Omega-3 fatty acids: possible neuroprotective mechanisms in the model of global ischemia in rats

Background. Omega-3 (omega 3) administration was shown to protect against hypoxic-ischemic injury. The objectives were to study the neuroprotective effects of omega 3, in a model of global ischemia. Methods. Male Wistar rats were subjected to carotid occlusion (30 min), followed by reperfusion. The groups were SO, untreated ischemic and ischemic treated rats with omega 3 (5 and 10 mg/kg, 7 days). The SO and untreated ischemic animals were orally treated with 1% cremophor and, 1 h after the last administration, they were behaviorally tested and euthanized for neurochemical (DA, DOPAC, and NE determinations), histological (Fluoro jade staining), and immunohistochemical (TNF-alpha, COX-2 and iNOS) evaluations. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls as the post hoc test. Results. Ischemia increased the locomotor activity and rearing behavior that were partly reversed by omega 3. Ischemia decreased striatal DA and DOPAC contents and increased NE contents, effects reversed by omega 3. This drug protected hippocampal neuron degeneration, as observed by Fluoro-Jade staining, and the increased immunostainings for TNF-alpha, COX-2, and iNOS were partly or totally blocked by omega 3. Conclusion. This study showed a neuroprotective effect of omega 3, in great part due to its anti-inflammatory properties, stimulating translational studies focusing on its use in clinic for stroke managing.Faculty of Medicine, Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte (FMJ), Rua Tenente Raimundo Rocha 515, 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, BrazilFederal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, BrazilFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Diagnósticos de enfermagem segundo a teoria do autocuidado em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio

Objective: Identify nursing diagnoses in patients with myocardial infarction in hospital emergency situations, according to Orem ́s self-care theory. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted from February to August 2016 with 50 infarcted patients who were able to participate in the research. Data collection was done through an interview, using a questionnaire pursuant to the self-care theory, and the nursing diagnoses were formulated based on the NANDA-I Taxonomy. Results: The majority of patients were women (54%) ages 60 to 69 (34%), with family incomes ranging from one to two minimum wages (88%), with basic education (70%) and retirees (76%). There was a high frequency of arterial hypertension (62%), physical inactivity (76%) and smoking (70%). The rapid test for troponin was positive in 16 of the participants (32%). Many of the infarcted patients had self-care deficits that were indicated in 10 nursing diagnoses, particularly sedentary lifestyles (80%), physically impaired mobility (76%), and risk of activity intolerance (76%). Risk-prone health behavior and self-neglect were related to three self-care requirements. Conclusion: The patients needed health assis-tance for changes in lifestyle, comfort measures, and the realization of activity and rest.Objetivo: identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem em pessoas com infarto do miocárdio em emergência hospitalar, segundo a teoria do autocuidado de Orem. Materiales y método: estudo transversal, realizado de fevereiro a agosto de 2016, com 50 pacientes infartados e que estavam em condições de participar da pesquisa. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista, utilizando-se um formulário segundo a teoria do autocuidado, e foram formulados diagnósticos de enfermagem com base na Taxonomia da NANDA-I. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes era mulheres (54%), na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos (34%), renda familiar de um a dois salários mínimos (88%), com ensino fundamental (70%) e aposentados (76%). Houve alta frequência de hipertensão arterial (62%), inatividade física (76%) e tabagismo (70%). O teste rápido para troponina foi positivo em 16 pessoas (32%). Muitos infartados apresentavam déficits de autocuidado que apontaram 10 diagnósticos de enfermagem, destacando-se o estilo de vida sedentário (80%), mobilidade física pre-judicada (76%) e risco de intolerância à atividade (76%). Comportamentos de saúde propenso a risco e autonegligência tiveram relação com três requisitos de autocuidado. Conclusão: os pacientes necessitavam de assistência em saúde quanto às mudanças no estilo de vida, medidas de conforto e realização de atividade e repouso.Objetivo: identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería en personas con infarto de miocardio en emergencia hospitalaria, según la teoría del autocuidado de Orem. Materiales y método: estudio transversal, realizado de febrero a agosto de 2016, con 50 pacientes infartados y que estaban en condiciones de participar en la investigación. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevista, utilizando cuestiona-rio según la teoría del autocuidado, y se formularon diagnósticos de enfermería con base en la Taxonomía de la NANDA-I. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres (54 %), con edades de 60 a 69 años (34 %), ingreso familiar de uno a dos salarios mínimos (88 %), con enseñanza básica (70 %) y jubilados (76 %). Hubo alta frecuencia de hipertensión arterial (62 %), inactividad física (76 %) y tabaquismo (70 %). La prueba rápida para troponina fue positiva en 16 personas (32 %). Muchos infartados presentaban déficits de autocuidado que apuntaron 10 diagnósticos de enfermería, destacándose estilo de vida sedentario (80 %), movilidad física perjudicada (76 %) y riesgo de intolerancia a la actividad (76 %). Los comportamientos de salud propensos al riesgo y la autonegligencia tuvieron relación con tres requisitos de autocuidado. Conclusión: los pacientes necesitaban de asistencia en salud para cambios en el estilo de vida, medidas de confort y realización de actividad y reposo

Nursing Diagnostics According to the Self-care Theory in Patients with Myocardial Infarction

12 PáginasObjetivo: identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería en personas con infarto de miocardio en emergencia hospitalaria, según la teoría del autocuidado de Orem. Materiales y método: estudio transversal, realizado de febrero a agosto del 2016, con 50 pacientes infartados y que estaban en condiciones de participar en la investigación. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevista, utilizando cuestionario según la teoría del autocuidado, y se formularon diagnósticos de enfermería con base en la Taxonomía de la NANDA-I. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres (54 %), con edades de 60 a 69 años (34 %), ingreso familiar de uno a dos salarios mínimos (88 %), con enseñanza básica (70 %) y jubilados (76 %). Hubo alta frecuencia de hipertensión arterial (62 %), inactividad física (76 %) y tabaquismo (70 %). La prueba rápida para troponina fue positiva en 16 personas (32 %). Muchos infartados presentaban déficits de autocuidado que apuntaron 10 diagnósticos de enfermería, destacándose estilo de vida sedentario (80 %), movilidad física perjudicada (76 %) y riesgo de intolerancia a la actividad (76 %). Los comportamientos de salud propensos al riesgo y la autonegligencia tuvieron relación con tres requisitos de autocuidado. Conclusión: los pacientes necesitaban de asistencia en salud para cambios en el estilo de vida, medidas de confort y realización de actividad y reposo

Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid exert anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in rodents at low doses

In the present study, we evaluated omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUPA) (consisting of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) properties on inflammation and nociception. Among the in vivo tests, writhing, formalin, and hot plate tests were conducted in mice, and carrageenan-induced paw edema, peritonitis, and Hargreaves tests were performed in rats. Following the carrageenan-induced edema, immunohistochemistry for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also carried out. We found that omega-3 PUPA treatment significantly decreased acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions as well as the first and second phases of the formalin test, which were reversed by naloxone. the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was significantly reduced, along with neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity in the omega-3 PUPA treatment. in addition, there was a decrease in TNF-a immunostained cells in the inflamed paw with the omega-3 treatment compared with no omega-3. Withdrawal threshold in response to the thermal stimulation was significantly increased by the omega-3 treatment in the Hargreaves and hot plate tests. the in vitro studies (myeloperoxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, MTT cell viability and lipid peroxidation assays) were performed in human neutrophils. These studies showed that omega-3 treatment significantly decreased myeloperoxidase release, presented no cytotoxicity, and did not alter lipid peroxidation. Our study suggests that omega-3 PUPA anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions may involve inhibition of cyclooxygenases and microglial activation, leading to a reduced release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, among other factors. the omega-3 PUFAs are potential candidates used alone or in combination with conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for the treatment of diseases where inflammation plays an important role. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Foundation for Research and Development of the State of Ceara (FUNCAP)Fac Med Estado Juazeiro do Norte FMJ, Juazeiro Do Norte, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Ceara UFC, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc