Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity on Some Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Egypt

Wheat plant (Triticum aestivum, sakha-8) was grown in pot experiment to study the effect of salinity levels and salt composition of irrigation water with and without N fertilization on soil chemical properties and grain yield of wheat plant. Therefore surface soil samples of nonsaline silty clay loam soil was used. Tap water was salinized to be as natural irrigation water in the studied region using mixture of CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl at different ratios. Three salinity levels were prepared from different mixture to give nine type of irrigation water and tap water was used as control treatment. Soil salinity after plant harvesting increased with increasing water salinity up to 12.70 dS/m compared with it before planting (2.23 dS/m) or after harvesting using irrigation with good water (2-79dS/m).On the other side, soil reaction (pH) decreased from 8.17 to 7.65 with increasing water salinity. Values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) for soil solution also increased from 3.65 up to 11.24 and soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was correlated with soil SAR, where it increased from 4.24 to 11.91%. Soil content of available N and P almost decreased with increasing water salinity after plant harvesting. The results indicated that the grain yield was significantly decreased either with increasing salinity levels or Na concentration in irrigation water used. This effect was decreased with added-N, where grain yield was increased by about 2 to 3 fold compared with it without N fertilization under this conditions. Grain content of Na was increased to give less quality of grain yield. Plant uptake of Na decreased with increasing levels of added –N

Low-Temperature Near-Field Thermal Radiation in Multilayer Concentric Cylindrical Geometry

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Rheumatoid arthritis in population samples in Iraq.

A prevalence survey for rheumatoid arthritis was carried out during the summer of 1975 in persons aged 16 years and over in areas of Iraq representative of differences in geography and ethnicity. Definite rheumatoid arthritis was observed in 1% of the 6999 individuals studied, but differences in occurrence rates in relation to various associated characteristics were not detected. It is concluded that present rheumatological services in Iraq have not developed in response to the magnitude of the existing burden. Morning stiffness was reported fairly frequently by individuals without rheumatoid arthritis, but the significance of this observation is not easy to determine. Raynaud's phenomenon was also recorded, but comparative evaluation of the findings is not possible