CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE UM MODELO DE PARALISIA CEREBRAL EM RATOS: COGNIÇÃO E ESTRUTURA DO HIPOCAMPO E AMÍGDALA

Fundamento - A paralisia cerebral (PC) é caracterizada por distúrbios do movimento e da postura, que podem estar associados a déficits cognitivos. Tais comprometimentos são atribuídos a lesões não pro- gressivas ao encéfalo em desenvolvimento. No âmbito experimental, modelos animais dessa condição clínica capazes de reproduzir o fe- nótipo e as alterações estruturais vistas em humanos são escassos. Objetivo - Investigar as repercussões da indução de um modelo de PC sobre a função cognitiva e estrutura do hipocampo e amígdala em ratos Wistar. Métodos - Dois grupos experimentais foram utilizados:Controle - filhotes de ratas injetadas com solução salina durante a gestação (n=8) e 2) Paralisia cerebral - filhotes de ratas injetadas com Lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) durante a gestação (n=8), submetidos à anóxia perinatal e restrição sensório-motora durante 30 dias. A memória espacial dos animais foi avaliada pela tarefa de reconhe- cimento da localização de objetos, enquanto o comportamento do tipo ansioso foi verificado pelo teste de labirinto em cruz elevado. Após a avaliação comportamental, os animais foram eutanasiados e os encéfalos dissecados para posterior processamento histológico. Resultados - O grupo PC presentou déficits de memória espacial e uma redução do número de neurônios granulares no giro denteado. Entretanto o comportamento do tipo ansioso e a histologia do núcleo central e complexo basolateral da amígdala foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Conclusão - Como observado em parte dos pacientes com PC, este modelo experimental prejudica a memória dependente do hipocampo. Entretanto, a combinação de intervenções não alterou a ansiedade e estrutura da amígdala

A cirurgia ortognática no tratamento da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura

The aim of this review is to survey the most recent scientific evidence on the effectiveness oforthognathic surgery in the treatment of OSA. The guiding question was: "What are the mostrecent scientific documents on the effectiveness of orthognathic surgery in the treatment ofOSA in adult patients?". Thus, the eligibility criteria consisted of only original articles relatedto the guiding question, available in full for free in any language in the last five years. Theselection of articles was carried out from searches in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Webof Science databases. A combination of four descriptors was used: (Orthognathic Surgery) AND(Obstructive Sleep Apnea) AND (Maxillomandibular Advancement) AND (Treatment). TheMMA is a safe effective treatment option for cases of AOS. Being the main alternative to longterm treatments for severe cases of OSA.O objetivo desta revisão é fazer um levantamento das evidências científicas mais recentes sobrea eficácia da cirurgia ortognática no tratamento da AOS. A questão norteadora foi: "Quais sãoevidências científicas mais recentes sobre a eficácia da cirurgia ortognática no tratamento da AOSem pacientes adultos?”. Dessa maneira, os critérios de elegibilidade consistiram em apenasartigos originais relacionados com a questão norteadora, disponíveis na íntegra de forma gratuitaem qualquer idioma nos últimos cinco anos. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada a partir de buscasnas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Embase e Web of Science. Utilizou-se a combinação dequatro descritores: (Orthognathic Surgery) AND (Obstructive Sleep Apnea) AND(Maxillomandibular Advancement) AND (Treatment). O AMM apresenta-se como uma opçãosegura e eficaz de tratamento para os casos de AOS. Sendo a principal alternativa aostratamentos a longo prazo para casos graves de AOS

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

MANEJO DE CRANIECTOMIA DESCOMPRESSIVA EM NEUROCIRURGIA PEDIÁTRICA

The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric decompressive craniectomy, covering from surgical decision-making to post-operative care and reintegration. The multidisciplinary analysis emphasizes the importance of monitoring, pain management, psychosocial support, and continuous education, aiming not only for surgical effectiveness but also the overall well-being of the child for a successful recovery. Methodology: This involves an integrative review with literature search in specialized databases such as PubMed and Scopus, using relevant terms related to decompressive craniectomy and pediatric neurosurgery, descriptors: "Craniectomy," "Decompressive Craniectomy," "Child Health," "Pediatric Care." Results: In the development, the article explores the phases of pediatric decompressive craniectomy, encompassing surgical decision-making, post-operative care, and reintegration. It emphasizes the importance of aspects such as monitoring, pain management, psychosocial support, and continuous education to promote a complete recovery. The integrative approach seeks a holistic understanding, considering both medical and emotional-social aspects. Conclusion: Pediatric decompressive craniectomy requires comprehensive care, including monitoring and emotional support. Successful reintegration is promoted through continuous guidance, covering home care and school adaptations. This approach aims for surgical effectiveness and overall well-being in recovery.O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma visão abrangente sobre a craniectomia descompressiva em crianças, abordando desde a decisão cirúrgica até os cuidados pós-operatórios e reintegração. A análise multidisciplinar destaca a importância da monitorização, manejo da dor, apoio psicossocial e educação contínua, visando não apenas a eficácia cirúrgica, mas também o bem-estar global da criança para uma recuperação bem-sucedida. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com a busca de literatura em bases de dados especializadas, como PubMed e Scopus, utilizando termos relevantes relacionados à craniectomia descompressiva e neurocirurgia pediátrica, os descritores: “Craniectomia”, “Craniectomia Descompressiva”, “Saúde da Criança”, “Cuidado Infantil”. Resultados: No desenvolvimento, o artigo explora as fases da craniectomia descompressiva pediátrica, abrangendo a decisão cirúrgica, cuidados pós-operatórios e reintegração. Destaca a importância de aspectos como monitorização, manejo da dor, apoio psicossocial e educação contínua para promover uma recuperação completa. A abordagem integrativa busca uma compreensão holística, considerando tanto os aspectos médicos quanto os emocionais e sociais. Conclusão: A craniectomia descompressiva em crianças demanda cuidados abrangentes, incluindo monitorização e suporte emocional. A reintegração bem-sucedida é promovida por meio de orientações contínuas, abrangendo cuidados em casa e adaptações escolares. Essa abordagem visa eficácia cirúrgica e bem-estar total na recuperação

Experimental models of liver fibrosis.

Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to insults and as such affects the entire world population. In industrialized countries, the main causes of liver fibrosis include alcohol abuse, chronic hepatitis virus infection and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A central event in liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is triggered by a plethora of signaling pathways. Liver fibrosis can progress into more severe stages, known as cirrhosis, when liver acini are substituted by nodules, and further to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considerable efforts are currently devoted to liver fibrosis research, not only with the goal of further elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive this disease, but equally in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used in the field of experimental liver fibrosis research

Strategies, models and biomarkers in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is currently the most dominant chronic liver disease in Western countries due to the fact that hepatic steatosis is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome and drug-induced injury. A variety of chemicals, mainly drugs, and diets is known to cause hepatic steatosis in humans and rodents. Experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models rely on the application of a diet or the administration of drugs to laboratory animals or the exposure of hepatic cell lines to these drugs. More recently, genetically modified rodents or zebrafish have been introduced as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models. Considerable interest now lies in the discovery and development of novel non-invasive biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with specific focus on hepatic steatosis. Experimental diagnostic biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, such as (epi)genetic parameters and ‘-omics’-based read-outs are still in their infancy, but show great promise. . In this paper, the array of tools and models for the study of liver steatosis is discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-art regarding experimental biomarkers such as epigenetic, genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabonomic biomarkers will be reviewed

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data