A (IN) CONSTITUCIONALIDADE DO ACORDO DE NÃO PERSECUÇÃO PENAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA EXIGÊNCIA DA CONFISSÃO FRENTE AO PRINCÍPIO DA NÃO AUTOINCRIMINAÇÃO

O acordo de não persecução penal é uma inovação legislativa introduzida pelo pacote anticrime. O instrumento tem o objetivo de firmar um acordo entre o investigado e o Ministério Público, a fim de resolver o passivo de forma extrajudicial e evitar acionar a tutela jurisdicional. Ocorre que um dos requisitos para que o órgão ministerial possa ofertar a avença é o de que o investigado efetue a confissão do crime. Diante de tal pressuposto, inicia-se a necessidade de refletir acerca da constitucionalidade do referido instituto, uma vez que, ao exigir a confissão, o órgão ministerial fere o princípio constitucional da não autoincriminação. Sendo assim, sentiu-se a obrigação de pensar acerca da essencialidade da confissão para o oferecimento do acordo de não persecução penal, por meio da análise do instituto frente ao princípio da não autoincriminação. Assim, a pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre o acordo de não persecução penal, o seu conceito, suas características e seus requisitos, bem como sobre a abstração do que é confissão e o que se entende por princípio da não autoincriminação. Após, dominados os conceitos mencionados, o artigo aborda a constitucionalidade do acordo de não persecução penal com uma análise da confissão frente ao princípio da não autoincriminação. A elaboração deste Artigo Científico, dessa forma, desenvolve-se a partir do método qualitativo, com método de pesquisa dedutivo e método de procedimento bibliográfico. Como resultado desta pesquisa foi possível identificar que a exigência da confissão para o oferecimento do acordo de não persecução penal é inconstitucional, uma vez que fere ao princípio da não autoincriminação

O TERMO DE AJUSTAMENTO DE CONDUTA COMO MECANISMO DE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA

Diante da morosidade da esfera judicial em solucionar controversias e, no presente caso, em dar uma resposta célere para a coletividade frente a danos envolvendo interesses difusos e coletivos, faz-se necessário compreender o instrumento extrajudicial do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta (TAC), regulado pela Lei da Ação Civil Pública, como um mecanismo de acesso à justiça. Este artigo busca refletir acerca da celebração do TAC e dos danos à coletividade, de modo a garantir a solução da controvérsia e o pleno acesso à justiça para a população lesada. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do método qualitativo e dedutivo, utilizando o procedimento bibliográfico. Assim, o texto apresenta um estudo sobre o conceito, as características, a negociação e o arquivamento do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta. Como resultado da pesquisa foi possível identificar que o TAC se encontra em consonância com o princípio do acesso a justiça, porquanto permite a solução da controvérsia sem o dispêndio dos recursos judiciários, fazendo com que a população lesada pelo dano tenha uma resposta célere, eficaz e econômica

Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial

Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02772185—May 5, 2016

Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial

[EN]Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora