Cultura de tecidos de Cecropia glaziovii Sneth (Urticaceae): micropropagação vegetativa e regeneração de plantas via calos

Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L-1) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L-1) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L-1). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L-1) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L-1) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L-1). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. glaziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacological purposes.Cecropia glaziovii é uma planta lenhosa, popularmente usada no Brasil como medicinal. Métodos que visem a sua propagação clonal podem ser de grande utilidade na preservação de seus genótipos de elite. Foram examinados efeitos de diferentes reguladores de crescimento e explantes na formação de brotações múltiplas a partir de calos e a partir de brotos apicais. Folhas, pecíolos e estípulas obtidas de plântulas assépticas e da esterilização de sementes ou através da esterilização direta dos explantes foram utilizados para iniciar os cultivos. Brotações múltiplas foram obtidas quando brotos apicais ou axilares foram inoculados em meios compostos de sais de Murashige & Skoog (MS), suplementado com apenas 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) (1,0, 5,0 ou 10,0 mg L-1) ou combinado com ácido -naftaleno acético (ANA) (1,0 ou 2,0 mg L-1), depois de 40 dias. A produção de calos foi obtida após 30 dias, quando pecíolos foram inoculados em meio MS acrescido de acido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) (5,0 mg L-1) combinado com BAP (1,0 mg L-1). A regeneração de brotos a partir de calos foi obtida quando meio MS acrescido de apenas zeatina (ZEA) (0,1 mg L-1) ou combinado com 2,4-D (1,0 ou 5,0 mg L-1) foi inoculado com calos friáveis obtidos de pecíolos. As plântulas foram enraizadas em MS suplementado com ácido 3-indol acético (AIA) (1.0 mg L-1). A aclimatação das plântulas enraizadas foi estabelecida pela transferência para vasos contendo substrato orgânico e vermiculita sob umidade relativa 100%. As plântulas regeneradas in vitro apresentaram aparência normal e idênticas à planta-mãe. Nosso estudo concluiu que genótipos de elite de C. glaziovii podem ser propagados em larga escala através de métodos in vitro, proporcionando uma fonte confiável de matéria prima para estudos farmacológicos.1245125

Stevia rebaudiana germplasm characterization using microsatellite markers and steviol glycosides quantification by HPLC

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, Asteraceae, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Paraguay. This species is considered since ancient times a medicinal plant with important bioactive compounds and pharmacologic and food properties, namely diterpenes glycosides. The high natural sweetener potential stevioside and rebaudioside A produced by S. rebaudiana plants are suitable sucrose substitutes, and their obtention is influenced by environmental, phytosociological, and genetic factors. The plants' genetic profile and sweet potential depiction are needed for suitable plant selection for improvement and deployment. Thirty-one S. rebaudiana accessions grown in the same plot where leaves samples were collected in early 2019, were genotyped using six microsatellite markers, including two steviol glycosides biosynthesis functionally involved markers. Additionally, an aqueous extract of each sample was obtained in a water bath and purified by SPE for stevioside and rebaudioside A quantification by normal phase HPLC. Stevioside and rebaudioside A contents varied between 0.53-7.36% (w w-1) and 0.37-3.60% (w w-1), respectively. Two genotypes displayed interesting ratios of rebaudioside A/stevioside (number 3 and 33). The level of genetic similarity between genotypes was tested through a pairwise similarity coefficient, and two groups of individuals had the same fingerprinting. Strong relatedness was found within genotypes, possibly due to cloning, thus, influx of new germplasm ought to be made to prevent mating between relatives, and for further selection and genetic improvement.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characterization of indicator tree species in neotropical environments and implications for geological mapping

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOGeobotanical remote sensing (GbRS) in the strict sense is an indirect approach to obtain geological information in heavily vegetated areas for mineral prospecting and geological mapping. Using ultra- and hyperspectral technologies, the goals of this resea216385400FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2010/51758-2, 2010/51718-0309712/2017-3, 302925/2015-

Cultura de tecidos de Cecropia glaziovii Sneth (Moraceae) : micropropagação vegetativa e regeneração por organogenese

Orientador : Rolf Dieter IllgDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: A flora tropical sul-americana é rica em espécies produtoras de farmacos. Cecropia glaziovii é uma das espécies tropicais indicadas pela Central de Medicamentos como possuidora de atividade farmacológica comprovada no tratamento da bronquite, tosse, coqueluche e cancro. O único princípio ativo até hoje identificado nesta espécie, a isovitexina é indicado também como diurético e tônico cardíaco. Esta espécie alógama possui na sua população natural uma variação morfológica que se reflete diretamente na sua biomassa, como também na variação em concentrações de princípios ativos presentes nas suas folhas e estípula. Uma fonte de dificuldades no uso de plantas diretamente a partir de populações naturais é a variação genética, fisiológica e química, que leva eventualmente a atividades biológicas muito variáveis ou em casos extremos até opostas. Medidas que visem a obtenção de clones que possuem altos teores de princípios ativos seriam de grande valia para estudos químicos e farmacológicos desta espécie. O presente trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de metodologia de cultura ¿ in vitro¿ dessa espécie arbórea visando a sua multiplicação em larga escala. A finalidade por um lado é de obter metodologia adequada para clonagem de plantas possuidoras de princípios ativos em quantidades elevadas através de micropropagação, por outro lado, objetivamos a regeneração de plantas com possível variabilidade morfológica de interesses agronômico e químico. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos em condições controladas de luz e temperatura. Visando a multiplicação vegetativa, brotos apicais, axilares e submeristemas previamente esterilizados foram inoculados em meios de cultura compostos por sais de Murashige & Skoog (1962) suplementado com diferentes concentrações dos fitoreguladores BAP, 2iP, KIN, ZEA e IAA. Folhas, estípulas e pecíolos previamente esterilizados foram testados para a indução de calos em meio básico de M.S. suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BAP, 2iP, KIN, 2,4-D e IAA. Tentativas de regeneração de plântulas via organogênese ou embriogênese foram realizadas a partir de meios de M.S. suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BAP, 2,4-D, IAA, 2iP e ZEA inoculados com calos compactos e friáveis. Os resultados demonstraram que as combinações BAP 10,0 mg/1 + NAA 2,0 mg/1 e BAP 10,0 + IAA 1,0 mg/1 e apenas BAP 10,0 mg/1 levaram a uma maior proliferação vegetativa de brotos. Calos foram obtidos com maior frequência quando meios de M;S. suplementado com 2,4-D 5,0 mg/1 + BAP 1,0 mg/1, foram inoculados com pecíolos e incubados na ausência de luz à temperatura de 25º C. Plântulas foram regeneradas a partir de calos por organogênese quando estes foram mantidos em meio M>S. suplementado com 2,4-D 10,0 mg/1 ou 2,4-D 1,0 mg/1 + ZEA 0,1 mg/1 por 30 dias. As plantas regeneradas foram posteriorm,ente propagadas vegetativamente utilizando os melhores meios de propagação vegetativa já descritos acima. O enraizamento foi obtido transferindo-se brotos para meio M.S. acrescido de IAA 1,0 mg/1. As plantas foram aclimatadas durante 30 dias em substrato de vermiculita, sob alta umidade relativa (90 a 100%) acrescida de solução nutritiva de Hoagland a cada 2 diasMestradoBiologia VegetalMestre em Ciências Biológica

The geographical and seasonal mosaic in a plant-herbivore interaction: patterns of defences and herbivory by a specialist and a non-specialist

In order to evaluate the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution, it is crucial to investigate geographical variation on the outcome of ecological interactions and the functional traits which dictate these outcomes. Plant populations are attacked by specialist and non-specialist herbivores and may have different types of chemical and biotic defences. We investigated geographical and seasonal variation in the interaction between the plant Crotalaria pallida and its two major herbivores (the specialist Utetheisa ornatrix and the non-specialist Etiella zinckenella). We first showed that attack by the two herbivores and a chemical and a biotic defence vary greatly in time and space. Second, we performed a common garden experiment that revealed genetic variation among populations in herbivore resistance and a chemical defence, but no genetic variation in a biotic defence. Third, we sampled 20 populations on a much larger geographical scale and showed great variation in attack rates by the two herbivores and a chemical defence. Finally, we showed that herbivory is not correlated with a chemical defence in the 20 field populations. Our study shows that to understand the evolution of ecological interactions it is crucial to investigate how the outcome of the interaction and the important species traits vary geographically and seasonally9CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP307015/2015-7; 148184/2012-0; 2011/17708-0; 306103/2013-32013/25991-0Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2013/25991-0]; CNPqNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [307015/2015-7, 148184/2012-0, 2011/17708-0, 306103/2013-3]; Royal SocietyRoyal Society of London; FAPESPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2011/17708-0, 306103/2013-3

Análise espectral de Brachiaria brizantha cultivada em solo contaminado por diferentes volumes de hidrocarbonetos líquidos

This paper describes a method to identify small leakages across the underground hydrocarbon pipelines through the monitoring of the cultures that are at the surface since the leakage from the pipe will cause soil contamination causing loose of leaf and minimal grow from the roots. Such impact can be noticed by the remote sensing products once there will be changes in the spectral reflectance patterns of vegetation by comparing with healthy vegetation. The objective of this study is to benchmark different volumes of contaminants (diesel and gasoline) applied on the soil to then identify the volume that shall affect the development from the observed specie (Brachiaria brizantha) but without avoiding the germination of the seed and the leaf growth, which would impact the spectral data acquisition from the vegetation. Twenty one (21) recipients were built and store in a greenhouse then applied 140, 270, 500 or 530 ml of gasoline or diesel at the soil, afterward seeds of the Brachiaria brizantha were planted. After 45 days, new spectral measurements were taken in the leafs and canopy at each recipient. The acquired spectral curves allowed the identification from the health and non-health vegetation. The first derivative of the reflectance spectral highlighted the differences between the curve of the data samples (health and non-health). The conclusion of this study enabled the volume of contamination set that will be used into the next study with additional data samples that will allow a more representative analysis.Pages: 1533-153

Variação espectral de clones de seringueira utilizando imagens hiperespectrais do sensor aerotransportado ProSpecTIR-VS de duas datas do final do outono

This study aimed to test spectral vegetation indices for the observation of senescence, mid to late fall, two rubber tree clones in an experimental planting 23 years old, located in Paulinia (SP). The study area has 1972.0 square meters, occupied by two plots of clonal variety PB235 and one plot of variety clonal GT1. The images obtained for this research (ProSpecTIR-VS) have 357 bands, each with about 5nm distributed in the VIS/NIR (125) and SWIR (238) and spatial resolution of 1m. The image occurs on May 14, 2010 and June 17, 2010. We generated spectral vegetation indices, according to Almeida and Souza Filho (2004) and Ustin (2008), for enhancement of leaf biochemical compounds and water, for the two dates of the study. The goals set for this study were successfully met, from the hyperspectral data used in the study, it was possible to observe the process of senescence of the plantation, as well as differentiate the spectral characteristics of the different clones and plots. Hyperspectral images ProspecTIR-VS show itself as an important tool for advancement of remote sensing of vegetation for the country, contributing to the improvement of studies of plant physiology, as well as the progress of forestry and agronomy monitoring.Pages: 8469-847

Sensoriamento remoto hiperespectral aplicado à detecção de estresse em plantas causado pela contaminação do solo com hidrocarbonetos líquidos

This paper explores hyperspectral remote sensing data and techniques for the detection of stressed plants contaminated by diesel and gasoline. A field experiment in real scale was conducted in which Brachiaria brizantha pasture plants were grown over soils contaminated with small volumes (2-12.7 L) of liquid hydrocarbons (HCs). Canopy reflectance spectra of contaminated and control plants were acquired within 350-2500 nm wavelengths using an ASD FieldSpec\uae Hi-Res spectroradiometer in nine dates. Also, a hyperspectral image of the experimental area was acquired with the ProSpecTIR-VS airborne sensor during the experiment. Reflectance spectra were mathematically transformed by means of first derivative (1D) and continuum removal (CR) techniques. Exploratory data analyses were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), which showed that CR improved the extraction of information from the dataset. Two spectral indices computed from CR data were explored: the Band Depth Ratio (BDR) and a new index, the Plant Stress Detection Index (PSDI). Based on the ultraspectral data acquired with the FieldSpec, it can be stated that if the BDR = 1 at approximately 1720 nm the spectrum refers to a plant contaminated with HCs. Also, if the PSDI has a negative value between 560-600 nm in FieldSpec data and between 575-601 nm in ProSpecTIR-VS data it can be inferred that the spectrum refers to a stressed plant. Based on our results, it is concluded that the BDR and the IDEP indices represent an objective analysis to identify canopy spectra of stressed brachiaria plants contaminated by diesel and gasoline.Pages: 8908-891