Tissue-specific control of brain-enriched miR-7 biogenesis

MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is a highly regulated process in eukaryotic cells. Several mature miRNAs exhibit a tissue-specific pattern of expression without an apparent tissue-specific pattern for their corresponding primary transcripts. This discrepancy is suggestive of post-transcriptional regulation of miRNA abundance. Here, we demonstrate that the brain-enriched expression of miR-7, which is processed from the ubiquitous hnRNP K pre-mRNA transcript, is achieved by inhibition of its biogenesis in nonbrain cells in both human and mouse systems. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) mass spectrometry combined with RNase-assisted RNA pull-down, we identified Musashi homolog 2 (MSI2) and Hu antigen R (HuR) proteins as inhibitors of miR-7 processing in nonneural cells. This is achieved through HuR-mediated binding of MSI2 to the conserved terminal loop of pri-miR-7. Footprinting and electrophoretic gel mobility shift analysis (EMSA) provide further evidence for a direct interaction between pri-miR-7-1 and the HuR/MSI2 complex, resulting in stabilization of the pri-miR-7-1 structure. We also confirmed the physiological relevance of this inhibitory mechanism in a neuronal differentiation system using human SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, we show elevated levels of miR-7 in selected tissues from MSI2 knockout (KO) mice without apparent changes in the abundance of the pri-miR-7 transcript. Altogether, our data provide the first insight into the regulation of brain-enriched miRNA processing by defined tissue-specific factors

Nursing care to patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy

Objective: developing the main diagnoses and nursing interventions related to complications of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Method: a descriptive study developed in three stages: literature review in the databases MEDLINE and LILACS; identification of complications reported at least in 50% of the articles, which were xerostomia and mucositis and composition of diagnoses and nursing interventions according to the International Classification for Nursing Practice. Results: there were formulated the diagnoses: "Low Salivation" and "Inflammation of the Oral Mucous Membrane" and 40 nursing interventions. Conclusion: this study contributed in the organization of nursing care through the use of a standardized terminology for diagnoses and nursing interventions that support the nursing consultation in the sector of radiotherapy

Kvalitativna svojstva zrelog mesa (m. triceps brachii i m. gluteus biceps) janjadi hranjene dodacima hrani

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation and aging in the gluteus biceps and triceps brachii muscles of lamb. Forty-eight Santa Inês lambs, with 15 kg average initial weight were slaughtered at 32 kg average final weight, after five months of supplementation. Twenty-four animals were allocated to sixteen pastures with residual leaf area index (2.6) and unsupplemented, the other twenty-four animals were allocated to the same conditions but were supplemented. The treatments were cross factorial between rLAI (2.6) and supplemented or not, totalizing 8 treatments. In this experiment, the slaughter criterion was the age of the animals. In the gluteus biceps and triceps brachii muscles, storage for seven days increased lipid oxidation. The values​​ of cooking loss and water holding capacity increased with time of aging and were higher in the gluteus biceps, by 29.40% and 71.30%, respectively. The supplementation implies an increase in production costs, but its use provides the quantitative and qualitative characteristics favorable to the product, aiming to satisfy the consumer market. The supplementation decreased the shelf life, increasing the lipid oxidation during time of aging and affected the lightness and the hue of yellow, which may sffect consumers’ intention to purchase.Mišići triceps brachii i gluteus biceps analizirani su kako bi se ocijenio učinak dodataka prehrani na zrenje janjećeg mesa. Ukupno 48 janjadi pasmine Santa Inês imalo je početnu prosječnu tjelesnu masu 15 kg, a nakon pet mjeseci različite prehrane prosječna je tjelesna masa bila 32 kg. Životinje su razmještene na 16 pašnjaka s rezidualnim indeksom lisne površine 2,6, pod jednakim uvjetima, pri čemu su 24 životinje dobivale dodatke prehrani. Uzevši u obzir indeks lisne površine te dodatke hrani formirano je osam skupina koje su uspoređene faktorijalnom analizom. Kriterij za klanje bila je dob životinja. Povećana oksidacija lipida ustanovljena je nakon sedam dana zrenja mesa mišića triceps brachii i gluteus biceps. Vrijednosti gubitaka nastalih kuhanjem i spososbnost zadržavanja vode povećale su se s duljinom zrenja te su u m. gluteus biceps bile više, 29,40 % odnosno 71,30 %. Dodaci prehrani podrazumijevaju povećane troškove proizvodnje, ali njihova uporaba omogućuje bolje kvantitativne i kvalitativne značajke, s ciljem da se zadovolji tržište. Dodaci prehrani skraćuju rok trajanja mesa, povećavaju oksidaciju lipida za vrijeme zrenja te utječu na svjetloću i žutilo zbog čega potrošači mogu dvojiti pri kupnji mesa

Lin28a regulates neuronal differentiation and controls miR-9 production

microRNAs shape the identity and function of cells by regulating gene expression. It is known that brain-specific miR-9 is controlled transcriptionally; however, it is unknown whether post-transcriptional processes contribute to establishing its levels. Here, we show that miR-9 is regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally during neuronal differentiation of the embryonic carcinoma cell line P19. We demonstrate that miR-9 is more efficiently processed in differentiated than undifferentiated cells. We reveal that Lin28a affects miR-9 by inducing the degradation of its precursor through a uridylation-independent mechanism. Furthermore, we show that constitutively expressed untagged but not GFP-tagged Lin28a decreases differentiation capacity of P19 cells, which coincides with reduced miR-9 levels. Finally, using an inducible system we demonstrate that Lin28a can also reduce miR-9 levels in differentiated P19 cells. Together, our results shed light on the role of Lin28a in neuronal differentiation and increase our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the level of brain-specific microRNAs

Z-plasty: a comparative study between theoretical and practical elongation

INTRODUCTION: The study of the final elongation values produced by 45º, 60º, 75º, and 90º-angle z-plasties performed on the skin of the lower abdomen of fresh cadavers were compared with the theoretical mathematical data published in the literature. METHODS: Four z-plasties with 2-cm main and secondary branches each, and with 45º, 60º, 75º, and 90º angles were performed on the skin of the lower abdomen in 11 fresh cadavers to evaluate the final elongation produced. RESULTS: The mean elongation at their respective angles was lower than that found in the literature, with a p value of <0.01. CONCLUSION: The elongation values obtained from the present study showed a significant difference from the published values

Educação Financeira Infantil: Brincando com dinheiro

This study analyzes the results of a extension action developed in 2014 , the Federal University of Campina Grande – Sousa / PB, aiming to disseminatefinancial education toelementary school children from the secondto the fifth year of public and private schools of that city. To perform this work, classes and various recreational activities on the proposed theme were given. In these classes, we used registration form and monitoring of students, questionnaires, workshops, theater with puppets and slides videos and presentations.It was observed thatthe projectdiffers fromthe proposalto train moreconsciouscitizensin the useof financial resources.Este estudo analisa os resultados de uma ação extensionista desenvolvida em 2014, pela Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Sousa/PB, objetivando-se educar financeiramente as crianças do ensino fundamental do 2º ao 5º ano das escolas públicas e privadas da referida cidade. Para a realização desse trabalho, foram ministradas aulas e diversas atividades lúdicas sobre a temática proposta. Nessas aulas, empregou-se, ficha de cadastramento e acompanhamento dos alunos, oficinas, feiras, teatro com fantoches e apresentações em slides e vídeos. Observa-se que os resultados foram satisfatórios nas escolas, evidenciando-se que o projeto desenvolve a criatividade, a imaginação e o raciocínio lógico das crianças, diferenciando-se pela proposta de formar cidadãos mais conscientes no uso dos recursos financeiros.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35700/ca.2016.ano3n4.p46-54.1867

A systematic genetic screen identifies new factors influencing centromeric heterochromatin integrity in fission yeast

BACKGROUND: Heterochromatin plays important roles in the regulation and stability of eukaryotic genomes. Both heterochromatin components and pathways that promote heterochromatin assembly, including RNA interference, RNAi, are broadly conserved between the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and humans. As a result, fission yeast has emerged as an important model system for dissecting mechanisms governing heterochromatin integrity. Thus far, over 50 proteins have been found to contribute to heterochromatin assembly at fission yeast centromeres. However, previous studies have not been exhaustive, and it is therefore likely that further factors remain to be identified. RESULTS: To gain a more complete understanding of heterochromatin assembly pathways, we have performed a systematic genetic screen for factors required for centromeric heterochromatin integrity. In addition to known RNAi and chromatin modification components, we identified several proteins with previously undescribed roles in heterochromatin regulation. These included both known and newly characterised splicing-associated proteins, which are required for proper processing of centromeric transcripts by the RNAi pathway, and COP9 signalosome components Csn1 and Csn2, whose role in heterochromatin assembly can be explained at least in part by a role in the Ddb1-dependent degradation of the heterochromatin regulator Epe1. CONCLUSIONS: This work has revealed new factors involved in RNAi-directed heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast. Our findings support and extend previous observations that implicate components of the splicing machinery as a platform for RNAi, and demonstrate a novel role for the COP9 signalosome in heterochromatin regulation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0481-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Estudo Bioestratigráfico e Inferências Paleoclimáticas com Base em Nanofósseis Calcários, Eoceno-Oligoceno, Leg 39 - Site 354 (DSDP): Elevação Ceará (Atlântico Equatorial)

As amostras utilizadas para este estudo de nanofósseis calcários foram cedidas pelo Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) e referem-se ao Site 354, Leg 39. O poço está situado na borda noroeste da Elevação Ceará, em uma feição topográfica distante cento e cinquenta metros do cone amazônico (Atlântico Equatorial). A partir da distribuição estratigráfica das espécies, a seção investigada foi refinada bioestratigraficamente e, posteriormente, intervalos cronoestratigráficos foram identificados. Foram descritas um total de seis biozonas, referentes ao intervalo Eoceno/Oligoceno. Dentre os nanofósseis calcários descritos e registrados destacam-se: Isthmolithus recurvus, Sphenolithus pseudoradians, Sphenolithus ciperoensis, Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster saipanensis, Sphenolithus intercalaris, Clausicoccus subdistichus, Sphenolithus distentus, Sphenolithus predistentus, Cyclicargolithus abisectus, Helicosphaera recta, Discoaster tanii, Coccolithus pelagicus, Helicosphaera euphratis e Triquetrorhabdulus milowii. Todas as principais espécies foram devidamente fotografadas e mensuradas, a fim de ilustrar o estudo e construir um biozoneamento de detalhe no intervalo em questão. A partir do comportamento da associação de nanofósseis, inferências paleoclimáticas foram sugeridas