Quantificação de microrganismos em silagem de palma forrageira cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) com diferentes inoculantes.

It was aimed, quantitatively, the presence of lactic acid bacterias (LAB), enterobacterias (ENT) and molds/yeasts (MY) with different inoculants of palm silage. The experimental desing used was completely randomizes. The treatments were: control (without inoculant); five higher lactic cultures lactic acid producers (GP21; GP22; GP23; GP24 and GP31) and five major producers of acetic acid (GP1; GP2; GP3; GP4; GP5 and GP15) with three replicates per treatment. There was influence (P>0,05) of LAB in all the treatments, but there was no effect (P>0,05) for ENT and MY. The presence of LAB in the treatments indicates a greater conservation of nutritional components of silage, providing greater stability. It is concludes that, the utilization of inoculants of cultures of lactic acid and acetic acid in palm silage cv. Miúda, occurs greater quantitative presence of lactic acid bacterias (LAB) when compared with the presence enterobacterias (ENT) and molds/yeasts (MY) improving the quality of silage

Avaliação dos componentes bromatologicos da silagem de palma cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) com diferentes inoculantes.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os valores médios da composição bromatológica da Silagem de Palma cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) com diferentes inoculantes

Investigation of the fine structure of antihydrogen

At the historic Shelter Island Conference on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in 1947, Willis Lamb reported an unexpected feature in the fne structure of atomic hydrogen: a separation of the 2S$_{1/2}$ and 2P$_{1/2}$ states1. The observation of this separation, now known as the Lamb shift, marked an important event in the evolution of modern physics, inspiring others to develop the theory of quantum electrodynamics2–5. Quantum electrodynamics also describes antimatter, but it has only recently become possible to synthesize and trap atomic antimatter to probe its structure. Mirroring the historical development of quantum atomic physics in the twentieth century, modern measurements on anti-atoms represent a unique approach for testing quantum electrodynamics and the foundational symmetries of the standard model. Here we report measurements of the fne structure in the $n=$ 2 states of antihydrogen, the antimatter counterpart of the hydrogen atom. Using optical excitation of the 1S–2P Lyman-α transitions in antihydrogen6 , we determine their frequencies in a magnetic feld of 1 tesla to a precision of 16 parts per billion. Assuming the standard Zeeman and hyperfne interactions, we infer the zero-feld fne-structure splitting (2P$_{1/2}$–2P$_{3/2}$) in antihydrogen. The resulting value is consistent with the predictions of quantum electrodynamics to a precision of 2 per cent. Using our previously measured value of the 1S–2S transition frequency6,7, we fnd that the classic Lamb shift in antihydrogen (2S$_{1/2}$–2P$_{1/2}$ splitting at zero feld) is consistent with theory at a level of 11 per cent. Our observations represent an important step towards precision measurements of the fne structure and the Lamb shift in the antihydrogen spectrum as tests of the charge– parity–time symmetry8 and towards the determination of other fundamental quantities, such as the antiproton charge radius9,10, in this antimatter system

Ensaio de comportamento de fuga.

O conteúdo descrito neste capítulo foi baseado na Norma NBR ISO 17512-1 (ABNT, 2011) - Qualidade do Solo - Ensaio de fuga para avaliar a qualidade de solos e efeitos de substâncias químicas no comportamento. Parte 1: Ensaio com minhocas (Eisenia fetida e E. andrei), cuja utilização não deve ser dispensada para realização de um ensaio de fuga com minhocas, seja para avaliar o efeito de uma substância adicionada ao solo artificial ou solo natural, seja para a avaliação de solo já contaminado. A metodologia abaixo foi acrescida de detalhes seguindo a literatura mais atualizada e a experiência dos próprios autores na adaptação da mesma para as condições brasileiras. Além disso, incluíram-se dados referentes ao uso de outras espécies de minhocas, além das Eisenia spp

Gene polymorphisms against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in leukocytes of healthy humans through comet assay: a quasi-experimental study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Normal cellular metabolism is well established as the source of endogenous reactive oxygen species which account for the background levels of oxidative DNA damage detected in normal tissue. Hydrogen peroxide imposes an oxidative stress condition on cells that can result in DNA damage, leading to mutagenesis and cell death. Several potentially significant genetic variants related to oxidative stress have already been identified, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been reported as possible antioxidant agents that can reduce vascular oxidative stress in cardiovascular events.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigate the influences of haptoglobin, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD Val9Ala), catalase (CAT -21A/T), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1 Pro198Leu), ACE (I/D) and gluthatione S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms against DNA damage and oxidative stress. These were induced by exposing leukocytes from peripheral blood of healthy humans (N = 135) to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and the effects were tested by comet assay. Blood samples were submitted to genotyping and comet assay (before and after treatment with H₂O₂at 250 μM and 1 mM).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After treatment with H₂O₂at 250 μM, the GPx-1 polymorphism significantly influenced results of comet assay and a possible association of the Pro/Leu genotype with higher DNA damage was found. The highest or lowest DNA damage also depended on interaction between GPX-1/ACE and Hp/GSTM1T1 polymorphisms when hydrogen peroxide treatment increased oxidative stress.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The GPx-1 polymorphism and the interactions between GPX-1/ACE and Hp/GSTM1T1 can be determining factors for DNA oxidation provoked by hydrogen peroxide, and thus for higher susceptibility to or protection against oxidative stress suffered by healthy individuals.</p

Qualitative evaluation of total mixed ration silage containing forage cactus and guinea grass as a nutritional alternative for feedlot-finished sheep.

This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics,microbial populations, losses, aerobic stability and chemicalcomposition of total mixed ration based on forage cactus anddifferent ratios of Guinea grass at four storage times (7, 15, 60and 100 days). Five diets were formulated with forage cactus asthe main ingredient, with varying Guinea grass inclusion ratios: 0,10, 20, 25 and 30% on a dry matter basis. The experimentaldesign used was a completely randomised design with a factorialarrangement and three replicates. The silages had pH values ofapproximately 4.0. Lactic acid bacteria were predominant in allsilages, and this predominance increased after 7 days of ensilingin all diets, ranging from 8.0–10.1 log10 cfu g−1of silage. Silageswith 10% and 20% guinea grass showed aerobic deterioration,while the others remained stable throughout the aerobic stabilitytest. Guinea grass in combination with forage cactus can beadded in total mixed ration silages up to a level of 30%, withoutcompromising the chemical composition, silage losses orfermentative profile. However, considering aerobic stability, theaddition of 10% and 20% guinea grass resulted in greaterdeterioration after 48 h of exposure to air.Online