Training Reading Skills in Central Field Loss Patients: Impact of Clinical Advances and New Technologies to Improve Reading Ability

The primary goal of patients with central field loss attending to visual rehabilitation (VR) offices is to get adapted to daily life activities in near vision, mainly looking for recovering their ability to read again. The disparity in the functionality of these patients, due to the new advances in medical treatment and the increasing number of new apps and technological devices in the market, implies a heterogeneity in the reading training programs to be applied, and consequently a variability in the results obtained. Currently, with the increasing access to information and communication technologies and social networks, the opportunities for improving their access to information and communication is taken an important role. For this reason, the basis of ad-hoc evidence-based reading training programs is needed to standardized the clinical practice in reading rehabilitation for visual impaired and blind patients. This chapter will go in depth into these topics offering an exhaustive state of the art of reading rehabilitation for central field loss patients that will be useful for clinicians dedicated to the rehabilitation of visual impaired and blind people

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383–1435

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.)on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.)from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.)from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.)endophyticin roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands , Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.)on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.)on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa , Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum laurisilvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa , Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on over wintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes

Trends and outcome of neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: A retrospective analysis and critical assessment of a 10-year prospective national registry on behalf of the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project

Introduction: Preoperative treatment and adequate surgery increase local control in rectal cancer. However, modalities and indications for neoadjuvant treatment may be controversial. Aim of this study was to assess the trends of preoperative treatment and outcomes in patients with rectal cancer included in the Rectal Cancer Registry of the Spanish Associations of Surgeons. Method: This is a STROBE-compliant retrospective analysis of a prospective database. All patients operated on with curative intention included in the Rectal Cancer Registry were included. Analyses were performed to compare the use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment in three timeframes: I)2006–2009; II)2010–2013; III)2014–2017. Survival analyses were run for 3-year survival in timeframes I-II. Results: Out of 14, 391 patients, 8871 (61.6%) received neoadjuvant treatment. Long-course chemo/radiotherapy was the most used approach (79.9%), followed by short-course radiotherapy ± chemotherapy (7.6%). The use of neoadjuvant treatment for cancer of the upper third (15-11 cm) increased over time (31.5%vs 34.5%vs 38.6%, p = 0.0018). The complete regression rate slightly increased over time (15.6% vs 16% vs 18.5%; p = 0.0093); the proportion of patients with involved circumferential resection margins (CRM) went down from 8.2% to 7.3%and 5.5% (p = 0.0004). Neoadjuvant treatment significantly decreased positive CRM in lower third tumors (OR 0.71, 0.59–0.87, Cochrane-Mantel-Haenszel P = 0.0008). Most ypN0 patients also received adjuvant therapy. In MR-defined stage III patients, preoperative treatment was associated with significantly longer local-recurrence-free survival (p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001). The survival benefit was smaller in upper third cancers. Conclusion: There was an increasing trend and a potential overuse of neoadjuvant treatment in cancer of the upper rectum. Most ypN0 patients received postoperative treatment. Involvement of CRM in lower third tumors was reduced after neoadjuvant treatment. Stage III and MRcN + benefited the most

Rooting of wild blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) cuttings from the Peruvian Northeast

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of five wild accessions of blueberry (HCHA-262, HCHA-271, HCHA-283, HCHA-286, and HCHA-290) obtained from natural populations in the province of Chachapoyas (northern Peru). Buds were collected from the middle third of the plant and treated with IBA at concentrations of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mg L−1. The results indicated that of the IBA doses, the 2,000-mg L−1 dose achieved the best effects on the rooting percentage and the lengths and numbers of roots and shoots of each accession studied. Accessions HCHA-262 and HCHA-283 showed greater regeneration of new seedlings than the other accessions after 45 days. The rhizogenic capacity of the cuttings varied because of the influences of both the IBA concentration and the genotype of the mother plan

Sistemas de control de malezas en maiz (Zea mays L.): efecto de metodos de control, densidad y distribucion del cultivo Weed control systems in corn: effects of control methods, density and plant distribution

Con el objetivo de integrar diferentes prácticas culturales en un sistema de control de malezas en maíz, se instaló un ensayo en el Campo Experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México) (2250 msnm, precipitación media anual 550 mm, suelo franco, 1.7% M.O.) bajo condiciones de secano, en donde se evaluaron dos densidades (44.400 y 66.600 pl/ha), dos distribuciones (normal y equidistante) y siete métodos de control de malezas (cyanazine + alachlor (1,2 + 1,92 kg/ha), atrazine + alachlor (1,2 + 1,44 kg/ha), un escarda, dos escardas, testigo siempre desmalezado, testigo siempre desmalezado + dos escardas y testigo siempre enmalezado). Las principales malezas presentes fueron: quelite (Amaranthus sp.), perlilla (Lopezia mexicana Jacq.), rosilla chita (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), acahual (Encelia mexicana Mart.), Sporobulus poiretti (Roem, et Sch.) Hichc. y fresadilla (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.). El aumento de la densidad de siembra no se reflejó en el control de malezas, incidencia de enfermedades, crescimiento vegetativo y reproductivo del cultivo. La distribución equidistante aparejó un mejor control de malezas, en relación a la distribución normal, pero la incidencia de enfermedades fue mayor, lo que quizá pudo haber determinado la ausencia de diferencias en crecimiento vegetativo, un menor número de mazorcas/ha y consecuentemente la ausencia de respuesta en rendimiento de grano. De los tratamientos químicos, atrazine + alachlor tuvo un comportamiento superior a cyanazine + alachlor, en control de malezas, aunque sólo fue detectable estadisticamente en las evaluaciones. No hubo diferencia entre ambos en la incidencia de enfermedades, ni en su efecto sobre el cultivo. aunque el rendimiento de cyanazine + alachlor fue ligeramente inferior. Los métodos químicos fueron superiores a los mecánicos en control de malezas, pero no difirie -ron en la incidencia de enfermedades ni en los parámetros de desarrollo del cultivo. La realización de una escarda adicional no mejora significativamente el control de malezas, no afectando tampoco la incidencia de enfermedades, ni el desarrollo del cultivo, por lo cual resulta innecesaria. Las escardas tienen como principal efecto eliminar la interfe rencia presentada por las malezas y si éstas son eliminadas de otra manera, la realización de aquéllas no apareja beneficios significativos.<br>An experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the University of Chapingo (Mexico) (2250 m above sea level, average annual rainfall 550 mm( loamy soil, 1,7% O.M.), where different cultural practices were combined in order to design a weed control system for corn. The work was done under rainfed conditions and the variables included were: two population densities (44.400 and 66.600 pl/ha), two plant distributions (normal and equidistant) and seven weed control methods (cyanazine + alachlor (1,2 + 1,92 kg/ha), atrazine + alachlor (1,2 + 1,44 kg/ha), one cultivation, two cultivations, a weeded check, a weeded check + two cultivations and a weedy check). The main weed species were: pigweed (Amaranthus sp.), Lopezia mexicana Jacq., hairy galinsoga (Galin-soga parviflora Cay.), Encelia mexicana Mart., Sporobulus poiretti (Roem. et Sch.) Hich., and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.). The increase in plant population had no effect on the degree of weed control, incidence of diseases and crop growth. The equidistant distribution improved weed control over the normal one, but it also had a nigher incidence of diseases; this, is turn, may have caused the lack of differences in vegetative growth, a lower amount of cobs per ha and the lack of difference in grain yield between the two distributions. Atrazine + alachlor was better than cyanazine + alachlor in terms of weed control, although the difference was statistically observed only for the visual ratings. There were no differences between both chemical treatments in terms of incidence of diseases or their effect on crop growth, but grain yield for cyanazine + alachlor was slightly lower. The chemical methods were better than the mechanical ones regarding weed control, but no differences were detected in terms of in cidence of diseases or crop growth. One additional weeding does not improved weed control significantly, nor does it affect the incidence of diseases or crop growth, thus appearing to be unnecessary. The main effect of cultivations is weed control, and if this can be done in any other way, cultivating does not bring about additional benefits

Guías del manejo de trastornos de coagulación en pacientes con cirrosis

Resumen: El manejo de la coagulación en el paciente con cirrosis ha sufrido una transformación significativa a partir de principios de este siglo con el concepto de un rebalanceo entre los factores procoagulantes y anticoagulantes. Esto ha cambiado el paradigma de que las personas con esta enfermedad tienen una mayor tendencia a la hemorragia. Además, ha traído a la luz la presencia de complicaciones relacionadas a eventos trombóticos en este grupo de sujetos.En estas guías se detallan aspectos asociados con los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que intervienen en el mantenimiento de la hemostasia en el paciente con cirrosis, la relevancia de la hipertensión portal, los factores mecánicos para el desarrollo de sangrado, las modificaciones en la síntesis hepática de los factores de coagulación, y los cambios en el sistema reticuloendotelial en la descompensación hepática aguda e insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica (IHAC). Se abordan nuevos aspectos vinculados a las complicaciones hemorrágicas en sujetos con esta entidad, considerando el riesgo de hemorragia durante los procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos, así como la utilidad de diferentes herramientas diagnósticas de la coagulación y recomendaciones en el tratamiento farmacológico y transfusión de hemoderivados en el contexto de hemorragia. En estas guías se actualiza el conocimiento respecto al diagnóstico y abordaje de las complicaciones relacionadas con la hipercoagulabilidad en estos casos, así como la eficacia y seguridad de la terapia con diferentes esquemas de anticoagulación. Finalmente, se mencionarán recomendaciones en el manejo de la coagulación en el contexto de IHAC, descompensación hepática aguda y aspectos específicos relacionados al paciente en protocolo de trasplante hepático (TH). Abstract: Coagulation management in the patient with cirrhosis has undergone a significant transformation since the beginning of this century, with the concept of a rebalancing between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. The paradigm that patients with cirrhosis have a greater bleeding tendency has changed, as a result of this rebalancing. In addition, it has brought to light the presence of complications related to thrombotic events in this group of patients.These guidelines detail aspects related to pathophysiologic mechanisms that intervene in the maintenance of hemostasis in the patient with cirrhosis, the relevance of portal hypertension, mechanical factors for the development of bleeding, modifications in the hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors, and the changes in the reticuloendothelial system in acute hepatic decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure. They address new aspects related to the hemorrhagic complications in patients with cirrhosis, considering the risk for bleeding during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, as well as the usefulness of different tools for diagnosing coagulation and recommendations on the pharmacologic treatment and blood-product transfusion in the context of hemorrhage. These guidelines also update the knowledge regarding hypercoagulability in the patient with cirrhosis, as well as the efficacy and safety of treatment with the different anticoagulation regimens. Lastly, they provide recommendations on coagulation management in the context of acute-on-chronic liver failure, acute liver decompensation, and specific aspects related to the patient undergoing liver transplantation