The (re)discovery of ectomycorrhizal symbioses in Neotropical ecosystems sketched in Florianópolis

The VIIIthBrazilian Mycological Congress, held in Florianopolis(Brazil) in October 2016, was organized by the UniversidadeFederal de Santa Catarina and brought together more than 1000scientists of 20 nationalities, which illustrates the dynamism ofSouth American mycology, in many fields. One of the major take-home messages, amongst many research talks and posters, was therising interest in the ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbiosis, which wasaddressedbybothasymposium anda3-day workshop ?Totherootsof trees: growing awareness of ectomycorrhizal symbioses in theNeotropics?. Talks on this symbiosis were given by taxonomists andecologists, and focused on the Neotropics, the tropical realm thatextends from the central plateau of Mexico and which includesSouth America. The inventories of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF),observations of EM roots, and metabarcoding studies presentedrevealed a hitherto unsuspected abundance of the EM symbiosis toall participants, including a number of South-American students.This meeting provided great opportunities to share points of viewon the historical reasons behind gaps in knowledge on EMFassociations in neotropical low-elevation areas. The meeting alsohighlighted recent discoveries and forthcoming challenges, basedon three complementary approaches: studies on fruitbodies, EMroots, and the metabarcoding of soil samples.Fil: Roy, Mélanie. Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III; FranciaFil: Vasco-palacios, Aida. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia. Fundación Biodiversa Colombia; ColombiaFil: Geml, József. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países BajosFil: Buyck, Bart. Museum National D; FranciaFil: Delgat, Lynn. University Of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Giachini, Admir. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Grebenc, Tine. Slovenian Forestry Institute; EsloveniaFil: Harrower, Emma. University Of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Kuhar, José Francisco. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Magnago, Altielys. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul; BrasilFil: Rinaldi, Andrea C.. Universita Degli Studi Di Cagliari; ItaliaFil: Schimann, Heidy. Universite Des Antilles Et de la Guyane; GuyanaFil: Selosse, Marc-andré. Museum National D; FranciaFil: Sulzbacher, Marcelo Aloisio. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Wartchow, Felipe. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Neves, Maria Alice. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; Brasi

Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

Abstract Knowledge about the Brazilian fungal diversity was, until 2010, recorded in few taxonomy and ecology publications, as well as in a handful of species lists. With the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil and the continued availability of an online list, it has been possible to aggregate this dispersed knowledge. The version presented here adds 2,111 species names to the 3,608 listed in 2010. A total of 5,719 species of fungi distributed in 1,246 genera, 102 orders and 13 phyla represents a considerable increase over the last five years, when only 924 genera and 78 orders were registered. Basidiomycota (2,741 species in 22 orders) and Ascomycota (1,881 species in 41 orders) predominate over other groups. The Atlantic Rainforest has the largest number of records, with 3,017 species, followed by Amazon Rainforest (1,050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) and Pampa and Pantanal with 84 and 35 species, respectively. The Northeast region has the greatest richness (2,617 species), followed by Southeast (2,252), South (1,995), North (1,301) and Central-West (488 species). Regarding the States of the Federation, São Paulo with 1,846 species, Pernambuco with 1,611 and Rio Grande do Sul with 1,377 species are the most diverse