Multi-Connectivity Management and Orchestration Architecture Integrated With 5g Multi Radio Access Technology Network

The significant growth in the number of devices and the tremendous boost in network/user traffic types and volume as well as the efficiency constraints of 4G innovations have encouraged industry efforts and also financial investments towards defining, developing, and releasing systems for the fifth generation. The 5G of mobile broadband wireless networks with multiple Radio Access Technologies (Multi-RATs) have actually been designed to satisfy the system and service requirements of the existing as well as the coming applications. The multi-RAT access network is considered the key enabling technology to satisfy these requirements based on low latency, high throughput. To utilize all available network resources efficiently, research activities have been proposed on multi-connectivity to connect, split, steer, switch, and orchestrate across multiple RATs. Recently, multi-connectivity management and orchestration architecture standardization has just started; therefore, further study and research is needed. This project proposed a multi-connectivity management and orchestration architecture integrated with 5G, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and Wireless LANs (WLAN) technologies. The simulations experiments conducted to measure the Quality of Experience (QoE) by provisioning network resources efficiently, which are: data rate, latency, bit error rate. The results show that the 5G requirements have been achieved with latency and throughput around 1ms and 200 Mbps, respectively

STRESS REACTIONS AND COPING STRATEGY AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Background: Psychological impacts among healthcare professionals have increased significantly due to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to identify stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 outbreak. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study online survey was conducted for health care professionals during a peak of COVID-19 from March to June 2020 at different healthcare institutions at KSA (n=342). Results: Sixty-five percent of responders often and always feel fears about infection and subsequent effects on themselves, the patient, and the family. 57% of them stated that they felt sometimes depressed mode and 47% anxiety during the outbreak. Eightyfour percent of the respondent always focusing on prevention as the first biosecurity measures such as hand-washing habits and using hand sanitizer, and 38.3% of them make sometimes relax and rest. While half of the responses (50%) sometimes had physical exercise. Also, thirty-eight percent joined sometimes community and/or group online chat groups, and 56.1% always keep contact with family and friends through social messaging or phone calls. Conclusion: Understanding this topic is important for healthcare organizations, effective strategies, and programs is needed to provide holistic staff care and wellbeing during outbreaks that focus on the value of mental and emotional support

STRESS REACTIONS AND COPING STRATEGY AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Background: Psychological impacts among healthcare professionals have increased significantly due to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to identify stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 outbreak. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study online survey was conducted for health care professionals during a peak of COVID-19 from March to June 2020 at different healthcare institutions at KSA (n=342). Results: Sixty-five percent of responders often and always feel fears about infection and subsequent effects on themselves, the patient, and the family. 57% of them stated that they felt sometimes depressed mode and 47% anxiety during the outbreak. Eightyfour percent of the respondent always focusing on prevention as the first biosecurity measures such as hand-washing habits and using hand sanitizer, and 38.3% of them make sometimes relax and rest. While half of the responses (50%) sometimes had physical exercise. Also, thirty-eight percent joined sometimes community and/or group online chat groups, and 56.1% always keep contact with family and friends through social messaging or phone calls. Conclusion: Understanding this topic is important for healthcare organizations, effective strategies, and programs is needed to provide holistic staff care and wellbeing during outbreaks that focus on the value of mental and emotional support

New Developments in Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Both adults and children are regularly afflicted by infectious illnesses. We now have a better understanding of their epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment because of new diagnostic techniques. Recently, emerging infections have surfaced, prompting health officials to issue warnings. Furthermore, novel anti-microbial therapies have been identified; however, because of the potential for adverse effects on antimicrobial resistance, it is critical to understand when to utilize these therapies in order to prevent overuse and misuse. In addition, new vaccinations have entered the market, and it is crucial that medical professionals understand how they may affect public health. Also the use of prebiotics and probiotics has emerged now as a preventive measure for pediatric infectious diseases

Anemia Of Chronic Disease And Kidney Failure

Anemia is a disease that caused due to inflammation, autoimmune disease, or chronic disease as cancer, kidney failure, heart failure, diabetes, but the main reason of anemia is iron deficiency. Breathlessness, weakness, and exhaustion are all possible effects of anemia. Anemia comes in a variety of types. Everyone has a unique reason. Anemia may be chronic or transient. It could be minor or really serious. Anemia may indicate a more serious medical condition.  In this research we will explain the anemia due to chronic disease especially kidney failure. Anemia occurs when decreasing the number of red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body. According to world health organization (WHO), the person has anemia when hemoglobin (which is present in red blood cells, transports oxygen from the lungs to every other organ in the body), (Hb) levels <12.0 g/dl in women and <13.0 g/dl in men. We can treat anemia by iron supplement, medications, blood transfusion, vitB12, blood and bone transplant but it occur in hospital and by healthy diet. If anemia remained untreated it will be a risk of irregular heartbeat, heart failure, infection, and in children it may cause developmental delay. We can diagnosis anemia by blood tests which are used by medical practitioners to look for indications of inflammation-related anemia, other anemias, or other health issues. You will give blood to a medical professional who will then submit the sample to a lab for analysis. The National institutes of health (NIH) approved that we can examine a variety of components and characteristics of your blood, such as how many red blood cells ,the dimensions of red blood cells ,how much hemoglobin is present in your blood and red blood cells ,the quantity of reticulocytes, or growing red blood cells, in your blood. Blood tests are another tool that a medical expert may use to measure how much iron is stored in blood, transferrin, and ferritin. If the results of a blood test indicate that you have anemia low blood iron levels will appear, determining the amount of iron in low and normal range. Adults who suffer from severe anemia may become vulnerable to heart or lung issues. For instance, you might experience heart failure, in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood throughout your body at the proper pressure or tachycardia, which is an unusually rapid heartbeat. Anemia  can also come from obesity unlike exception of some people so we should follow health diet has iron supplement such as meat, sugar beet

Clinical Correlation Between Back Pain and Osteoarthritis Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To investigate the clinical correlation between back pain and the role of osteoarthritis in the etiology of this pain. Methods: This research employs a cross-sectional study design to investigate the clinical correlation between back pain and osteoarthritis in adults. Cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of data at a specific time, making them suitable for assessing the prevalence and potential associations between variables of interest. Results: The study included 1106 participants. The most frequent age among them was 40-50 years (n= 486, 43.9%), followed by 18-28 years (n= 340, 30.7%). The most frequent gender among study participants was female (n= 560, 50.6%) followed by male (n= 546, 49.4%). The most frequent marital status among study participants was married (n= 702, 63.5%), followed by single (n= 353, 31.9%). The most frequent job among study participants was a government job (n= 480, 43.4%), followed by a private sector job (n= 177, 16%). Duration of suffering from back pain among study participants with most of them being 1 to 5 years (n= 505, 45.7%), followed by nothing (n= 373, 33.7%), and the least was 23 years and above (n= 13, 1.2%). Participants were asked about evaluating the impact of back pain on life. For personal care, the most frequent was (currently, I do not feel any pain) (n= 514, 46.5%). The severity of pain, the most frequent, was (I can usually take care of myself and do my own things without adding to my pain) (n= 923, 83.5%). The lift and move things, the most frequent was (I can lift heavy objects without it adding to my pain) (n= 524, 47.4%). The walking, the most frequent was (The pain does not prevent me from walking any distance) (n= 801, 72.4%). The Sitting, the most frequent was (I can sit in any chair for as long as I want) (n= 661, 59.8%). The stand-up, most frequent was (I can stay standing as long as I want without increasing my pain) (n= 523, 47.3%). For sleep, the most frequent answer was (My sleep is never disturbed by pain) (n= 611, 55.2%). The Social-life, most frequent was (My social life is normal and does not cause me more pain) (n= 860, 77.8%). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that most of the participants were married and taught in government jobs. The majority of them do not suffer from severe back pain that affects their lives. In addition, most of the study participants had good and effective communicatio

Impact of Smoking Exposure on Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcome Among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the impact of smoking exposure on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Saudi women. Methods: This research will employ a cross-sectional study design to assess the impact of smoking exposure on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Saudi women. Cross-sectional studies are particularly suitable for examining associations and prevalence within a defined population at a specific point in time. In this case, the study aims to collect data on smoking behavior, pregnancy history, and perinatal outcomes among a representative sample of Saudi women in healthcare facilities across different regions of the country. The cross-sectional design allows for the efficient collection of data from a diverse population, providing insights into the relationship between smoking and perinatal outcomes without the need for long-term follow-up. Results: The study included 450 participants. The most frequent age among them was 35 and more years (n= 309, 68.7%) followed by 30-34 (n= 94, 20.9%). The most frequent educational level among study participants was the university (n= 408, 90.7%) followed by the school (n= 39, 8.7%). The most frequent job among study participants was a Governmental job (n= 159, 35.3%) followed by a housewife (n= 135, 30%). Number of previous births among study participants with most of them having a previous birth (n= 396, 88%) followed by this is the first birth (n= 54, 12%). Number of previous pregnancies among study participants with most of them having a previous pregnancy (n= 408, 90.7%) followed by this is the first pregnancy (n= 42, 9.3%). Number of abortions among study participants with most of them nothing (n= 234, 52%) followed by there is (n= 216, 48%). Participants were asked about smoking. The most frequent were don’t smoke (n= 315, 70%) followed by smoking (n= 135, 30%). The most frequent exposure to smoking among them was yes (n= 333, 74%) followed by no (n= 117, 26%). Conclusion: Study results showed that most of the study participants are the university according to their educational level. Most frequencies of participants had a previous birth. Most of them don’t smoke in another hand most of them were exposed to smoking. In addition, most of the study participants had good social connection

E-Commerce in Saudi Arabia: an Analysis of the Law and Practical Challenges for Businesses and Consumers

E-commerce between businesses and consumers has developed tremendously in recent years, which led to the need to develop legislation to keep up with technical, infrastructural and legal changes. Therefore, countries have issued the necessary legislation to help regulate e-commerce activity and provide legal protection for the contracting parties. Noting this significance, the Saudi Arabian legislature issued the E-Commerce Law in 2019 as the first e-commerce law in Saudi Arabia that regulates the contractual relationship between a service provider and a consumer in Saudi Arabia. This dissertation is one of the first to complete an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of the many significant changes occurring in law and policy in Saudi Arabia related to e-commerce over the past few years. In addition to describing the relevant history, laws and policies underlying e-commerce in Saudi Arabia, it also examines and analyzes the service provider\u27s obligations in the pre-contract stage, regarding electronic advertisements and the disclosure of contractual information before committing to an electronic contract. In addition, this dissertation examines and analyzes obligations of the service provider and the consumer at the implementation stage of the electronic contract. It also examines, through in-depth interviews, the current challenges facing the e-commerce market development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that relate to practical and logistical issues. The research also includes an empirical survey designed to identify on-the-ground challenges that Saudi Arabian consumers face with e-commerce transactions

Hope or Fear? Residents’ Mixed Perceptions of Tourism Development in Saudi Arabia

In recent years Saudi Arabia has made a great deal of effort in establishing and improving its tourism industry. These efforts include many infrastructure projects and programs that were not available in prior years. The purpose of this research is twofold: (1) To uncover the residents’ attitude toward the current transition in tourism development and (2) to explore Saudi residents’ experience of encountering non-Muslim tourists and domestic entertainments that expose the western culture. To achieve these objectives, two theories were adopted. Social exchange theory was used as a theoretical framework to explore Saudi residents’ attitudes toward the new tourism development. The theory of anxiety and uncertainty management was used as a theoretical framework to gain a better understanding of how residents feel about interacting with nonMuslim tourists. This study adopted the qualitative method with the phenomenological approach by conducting in-depth personal interviews with current residents in Saudi Arabia. Contrary to anxiety and uncertainty management theory, the findings of this study revealed that residents’ feelings of anxiety and uncertainty do not come from intercultural contacts with inbound tourists with different cultural backgrounds but from expected cultural dilution that might be caused by residents’ exposure to domestic entertainment events that promote the western culture. The findings of this study suggest that an increase in intercultural contacts by the tourism development can enhances social acceptance of otherness and benefit society. The study generated four main themes, including mixed perception of the new tourism development, support for tourism development, resistance to cultural impacts, and desire for sustainable tourism development. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed

E-Commerce in Saudi Arabia: an Analysis of the Law and Practical Challenges for Businesses and Consumers

E-commerce between businesses and consumers has developed tremendously in recent years, which led to the need to develop legislation to keep up with technical, infrastructural and legal changes. Therefore, countries have issued the necessary legislation to help regulate e-commerce activity and provide legal protection for the contracting parties. Noting this significance, the Saudi Arabian legislature issued the E-Commerce Law in 2019 as the first e-commerce law in Saudi Arabia that regulates the contractual relationship between a service provider and a consumer in Saudi Arabia. This dissertation is one of the first to complete an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of the many significant changes occurring in law and policy in Saudi Arabia related to e-commerce over the past few years. In addition to describing the relevant history, laws and policies underlying e-commerce in Saudi Arabia, it also examines and analyzes the service provider\u27s obligations in the pre-contract stage, regarding electronic advertisements and the disclosure of contractual information before committing to an electronic contract. In addition, this dissertation examines and analyzes obligations of the service provider and the consumer at the implementation stage of the electronic contract. It also examines, through in-depth interviews, the current challenges facing the e-commerce market development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that relate to practical and logistical issues. The research also includes an empirical survey designed to identify on-the-ground challenges that Saudi Arabian consumers face with e-commerce transactions