Implementation Of The Keyword Mnemonic Method And Its Effectiveness To Improve Arabic Vocabulary Mastery

This study aims to determine: 1. Arabic vocabulary mastery of MTs Plus Darul Hufaz Jatinangor students before implementing the mnemonic method, 2. Arabic vocabulary mastery of MTs Plus Darul Hufaz Jatinangor students before implementing the mnemonic method, 3. The effectiveness of implementing the mnemonic method with keywords on mastery Arabic Vocabulary Students MTs Plus Darul Hufaz Jatinangor. This research is experimental, using a quasi-experimental design model. This study has two variables, and the first is the independent variable, namely keyword mnemonics, and the second dependent variable is Arabic vocabulary mastery. The population of this study was all students of class VII MTs Plus Darul Hufadz Sumedang. Then a sample of class VII B was selected as the experimental class and VII A as the control class. The data collection technique is by giving a pretest, pretest, and posttest as a test. The data analysis technique uses the "t" test with the help of SPSS, which previously carried out the analysis prerequisite test. The results of this study are the results obtained from these calculations is the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000. Sig results. (2-tailed) of 0.000, which means that this value is smaller than 0.05, which can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected

الإعلال في نظم كتاب قرّة العيون بشرح نظم ابن يامون للشيخ محمّد التّهاميّ

الإعلال هو تغيير حرف العلة للتخفيف بقلبه أو نقله أو إسكانه أو حذفه. و عملية الإعلال في نظم كتاب قرة العيون بشرح نظم ابن يامون للشيخ محمّد التهاميّ الذي إختاره الباحث كموضوع البحث. يذكر في هذا الكتاب حول فضائل الزواج وكيفية اختيار الزوجة ، و كيفية تعليم الطفل حتى يصبح طفلا صالحا لديه أخلاق رائعة ، و يشتمل هذا الكتاب النظم كلها 107بيتا. أساسا علي ما قد سبق، يهدف هذا البحث لمعرفة أنواع الإعلال الموجودة في الجمل في نظم كتاب قرة العيون و لمعرفة عملية تحليل الإعلال الواردة في في نظم كتاب قرة العيون. المنهخ المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. المنهج الوصفي التحليلي هو إجراءات حل في التحقيق بوصف أو تصور حالة الموضوع أو كائن الباحث في الوقت الحاضر على أساس الوقائع التي تبدو. وهكذا، هذا المنهج إستخدمه الباحث في هذا البحث لمعرفة أنواع الإعلال الموجودة في الجمل في نظم كتاب قرة العيون و لمعرفة عملية تحليل الإعلال الواردة في في نظم كتاب قرة العيون و يليها تؤدّى عملية تحليل الإعلال تفصيلا عن تلك الجمل. و أمّا نتائج هذا البحث بعد القيام بتحليل هذا الكتاب استناداً إلى دراسة علم الصرف هي توجد بيانات بعدد 64 جملة فيها عملية الإعلال و وجد منها الباحث أنواع الإعلال فيه. الأوّل الإعلال بالإبدال بعدد 44 بيانات، و الثاني الإعلال بالنقل بعدد 10 بيانات، و الثالث الإعلال بالحذف بعدد 4 بيانات، و الرابع الإعلال بالتسكين بعدد 10 بيانات

The Effect of Topical Cannabidiol on the Progression Rate of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(3): 1426-1439, 2023. This study investigated the efficacy of topical cannabidiol (CBD) ointment in reducing localized inflammation, minimizing performance detriments, and attenuating soreness associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In a double blind randomized control trial, upper-arm circumferences, maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) for elbow flexion at 90° and 30° for college-aged participants (n = 21, age 20.8 ± 1.9 years) were assessed at baseline. Participants then performed a DOMS-inducing protocol for the biceps brachii. Topical CBD ointment and placebo (P) ointment were randomly assigned and applied 30 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours post the DOMS protocol. The baseline parameters and a visual analog scale (VAS) to assess perceived soreness were assessed 24, 48 and 72 hours post DOMS protocol. A 4x2 repeated measures factorial ANOVA (P \u3c 0.05) analyzed both within and between subject differences. No changes were statistically significant on any days between conditions: Upper-arm circumferences in the CBD arm (7.1 ± 5.8 cm) and in the P arm (7.3 ± 5.8 cm). MVICs were reduced at both the 90° and 30° positions (-5.9 ± 9.0 Nm (90°)); (-4.8 ± 6.5 Nm (30°)) and the P arm (-5.0 ± 10.0 Nm (90°)); (-4.6 ± 5.3 Nm (30°)). Soreness increased in both the CBD arm (6.1 ± 2.1) and the P arm (5.5 ± 2.6) over time. Topical CBD therefore did not alter any parameters vs the P treatment, thus the use of topical CBD does not attenuate the effects of DOMS

Taboos: Traditional beliefs and customs for resource management in the western Himalaya

People residing in interior areas of the Himalaya are highly dependent on natural resources and thus have evolved their own beliefs and customs, the taboos, for conserving resources. Taboos form an important component of tribal lifestyle and guide sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. The present study was carried out in the higher reaches of Himachal Pradesh that are known for their rich bio-cultural diversity. The study aimed at documenting and classifying taboos prevalent in the area. For this, field surveys were carried out and interactions were held with the local people (n=210) using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The results revealed a prevalence of 22 taboos that were mainly related to forest, water, farmland, and food resources. Of the total taboos, the maximum belonged to the segment and method category taboos (32% each) while the minimum (5%) were species-specific taboos. Adherence to taboos is high and breaking them is believed to bring the wrath of God. They, thus, are important for resource management. Studies targeting the history of taboos and their policy implications are much desired

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 4 Is a Dynamic Tight Junction-Related Shuttle Protein Involved in Epithelium Homeostasis

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous in vivo evidences that Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 4 (TRAF4) plays a key biological function, how it works at the cellular and molecular level remains elusive. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present study, we show using immunofluorescence and immuohistochemistry that TRAF4 is a novel player at the tight junctions (TJs). TRAF4 is connected to assembled TJs in confluent epithelial cells, but accumulates in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus when TJs are open in isolated cells or EGTA-treated confluent cells. In vivo, TRAF4 is consistently found at TJs in normal human mammary epithelia as well as in well-differentiated in situ carcinomas. In contrast, TRAF4 is never localized at the plasma membrane of poorly-differentiated invasive carcinomas devoid of correct TJs, but is observed in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of the cancer cells. Moreover, TRAF4 TJ subcellular localization is remarkably dynamic. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments show that TRAF4 is highly mobile and shuttles between TJs and the cytoplasm. Finally, we show that intracellular TRAF4 potentiates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in proliferating HeLa cells, an epithelial cell line known to be devoid of TJs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Collectively, our data strongly support the new concept of TJs as a dynamic structure. Moreover, our results implicate TRAF4 in one of the emerging TJ-dependent signaling pathways that responds to cell polarity by regulating the cell proliferation/differentiation balance, and subsequently epithelium homeostasis. Drastic phenotypes or lethality in TRAF4-deficient mice and drosophila strongly argue in favor of such a function

MLN64 Transport to the Late Endosome Is Regulated by Binding to 14-3-3 via a Non-canonical Binding Site

MLN64 is an integral membrane protein localized to the late endosome and plasma membrane that is thought to function as a mediator of cholesterol transport from endosomal membranes to the plasma membrane and/or mitochondria. The protein consists of two distinct domains: an N-terminal membrane-spanning domain that shares homology with the MENTHO protein and a C-terminal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domain that binds cholesterol. To further characterize the MLN64 protein, full-length and truncated proteins were overexpressed in cells and the effects on MLN64 trafficking and endosomal morphology were observed. To gain insight into MLN64 function, affinity chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques were used to identify potential MLN64 interacting partners. Of the 15 candidate proteins identified, 14-3-3 was chosen for further characterization. We show that MLN64 interacts with 14-3-3 in vitro as well as in vivo and that the strength of the interaction is dependent on the 14-3-3 isoform. Furthermore, blocking the interaction through the use of a 14-3-3 antagonist or MLN64 mutagenesis delays the trafficking of MLN64 to the late endosome and also results in the dispersal of endocytic vesicles to the cell periphery. Taken together, these studies have determined that MLN64 is a novel 14-3-3 binding protein and indicate that 14-3-3 plays a role in the endosomal trafficking of MLN64. Furthermore, these studies suggest that 14-3-3 may be the link by which MLN64 exerts its effects on the actin-mediated endosome dynamics

FFAT motif phosphorylation controls formation and lipid transfer function of inter‐organelle contacts

Organelles are physically connected in membrane contact sites. The endoplasmic reticulum possesses three major receptors, VAP‐A, VAP‐B, and MOSPD2, which interact with proteins at the surface of other organelles to build contacts. VAP‐A, VAP‐B, and MOSPD2 contain an MSP domain, which binds a motif named FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract). In this study, we identified a non‐conventional FFAT motif where a conserved acidic residue is replaced by a serine/threonine. We show that phosphorylation of this serine/threonine is critical for non‐conventional FFAT motifs (named Phospho‐FFAT) to be recognized by the MSP domain. Moreover, structural analyses of the MSP domain alone or in complex with conventional and Phospho‐FFAT peptides revealed new mechanisms of interaction. Based on these new insights, we produced a novel prediction algorithm, which expands the repertoire of candidate proteins with a Phospho‐FFAT that are able to create membrane contact sites. Using a prototypical tethering complex made by STARD3 and VAP, we showed that phosphorylation is instrumental for the formation of ER‐endosome contacts, and their sterol transfer function. This study reveals that phosphorylation acts as a general switch for inter‐organelle contacts

TRAF4 is a novel phosphoinositide-binding protein modulating tight junctions and favoring cell migration

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is frequently overexpressed in carcinomas, suggesting a specific role in cancer. Although TRAF4 protein is predominantly found at tight junctions (TJs) in normal mammary epithelial cells (MECs), it accumulates in the cytoplasm of malignant MECs. How TRAF4 is recruited and functions at TJs is unclear. Here we show that TRAF4 possesses a novel phosphoinositide (PIP)-binding domain crucial for its recruitment to TJs. Of interest, this property is shared by the other members of the TRAF protein family. Indeed, the TRAF domain of all TRAF proteins (TRAF1 to TRAF6) is a bona fide PIP-binding domain. Molecular and structural analyses revealed that the TRAF domain of TRAF4 exists as a trimer that binds up to three lipids using basic residues exposed at its surface. Cellular studies indicated that TRAF4 acts as a negative regulator of TJ and increases cell migration. These functions are dependent from its ability to interact with PIPs. Our results suggest that TRAF4 overexpression might contribute to breast cancer progression by destabilizing TJs and favoring cell migration

Comparative Structural Analysis of Lipid Binding START Domains

Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein related lipid transfer (START) domains are small globular modules that form a cavity where lipids and lipid hormones bind. These domains can transport ligands to facilitate lipid exchange between biological membranes, and they have been postulated to modulate the activity of other domains of the protein in response to ligand binding. More than a dozen human genes encode START domains, and several of them are implicated in a disease.We report crystal structures of the human STARD1, STARD5, STARD13 and STARD14 lipid transfer domains. These represent four of the six functional classes of START domains.Sequence alignments based on these and previously reported crystal structures define the structural determinants of human START domains, both those related to structural framework and those involved in ligand specificity.This article can also be viewed as an enhanced version in which the text of the article is integrated with interactive 3D representations and animated transitions. Please note that a web plugin is required to access this enhanced functionality. Instructions for the installation and use of the web plugin are available in Text S1