Biogasification and combustion reactions of Turkish lignites: adsorption behavior and biogasification of Soma lignite and co-combustion of Beypazari lignite with biomass

In this study, our primary objective is to understand CBM capacity of the Soma coal basin. For this reason, porosity of the coal samples must be determined. Usually, surface area and the porosity of the materials can be calculated through the N2 physical sorption experiment, in this method entire relative pressure range (10-8 to 1) can be analyzed without using high pressure equipments. However, for microporous materials like carbon materials and zeolites physical sorption occurs at very low relative pressure ranges (10-8 to 10-3) and experiments that are conducted with N2 are less reliable due to the low diffusion rate and adsorption equilibrium in the pores between 0,5 to 1 nm at 77 K. It is also known that specifically for carbon materials experiments that are conducted at low temperatures such as N2 sorption causes pore shrinkage that leads to the low sorption equilibrium

Tümör mikroçevresinde CD8’in yüksek ekspresyonu, yüksek dereceli seröz over kanserinde PD-1 ekspresyonu ve hasta sağkalımı ile ilişkilidir

Objective: The current study assesss programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor expression and CD3, CD4, and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and to associate our results with neoadjuvant chemotherapy history and disease prognosis. Materials and Methods: We included cases diagnosed with primary HGSOC with biopsy or surgical resection materials in this study. The immunoreactivity of CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD1 was assessed immunohistochemically in tumor tissue. We analyzed TILs in two predetermined groups of high and low TIL. The relationships between clinical characteristics, PD-1, and TIL were assessed. by the χ(2) test or Fisher’s Exact test. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model to the connection between survival and the amounts of TIL, and PD1. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that optimal debulking (p<0.001), early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (p=0.046), and higher scores of stromal CD8+ TIL expression (p=0.028) in tumor cells were all substantially correlated with longer disease-free survival (DFS), whereas the remaining variables analyzed, including PD-1 positivity, stromal CD3+, and CD4+ TILs, and intraepithelial CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs, were not correlated with DFS. Also, univariate analysis revealed that optimal debulking (p=0.010), and higher scores of stromal CD8+ TIL expression (p=0.021) in tumor cells were all substantially correlated with longer overall survival (OS). Conclusion: Higher scores of stromal CD8+ TILs are substantially correlated with DFS and OS in univariate analyses, whereas scores of stromal CD3+ and CD4+ TILs, and intraepithelial CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs are not correlated with DFS and OS in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Also, we found a significant association between PD-1 positivity and the scores of stromal CD3+ TILs and intraepithelial CD8+ TILs. However, no remarkable relationship was revealed between PD-1 positivity and the survival of HGSOC cases.Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, yüksek dereceli seröz over kanserinde (HGSOC) programlanmış ölüm-1 (PD-1) reseptör ekspresyonunu ve CD3, CD4 ve CD8 tümör infiltre edici lenfositleri (TIL) değerlendirmek ve bulgularımızın neoadjuvan kemoterapi öyküsü ve hastalık prognozu ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Biyopsi veya cerrahi rezeksiyon materyalleri ile primer HGSOC tanısı alan olgular çalışmaya dahil edildi. CD3, CD4, CD8 ve PD1’in immünoreaktivitesi, tümör dokusunda immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. TIL, önceden tanımlanmış iki grup olan düşük ve yüksek TIL grubunda analiz edildi. Klinik özellikler, PD-1 ve TIL arasındaki ilişkiler χ(2) testi veya Fisher’s Exact test ile değerlendirildi. TIL, PD1 ve hayatta kalma arasındaki ilişki için Kaplan-Meier hayatta kalma analizi ve Cox oransal hazard regresyon modeli kullanıldı. Bulgular: Tek değişkenli analiz, tümör hücrelerinde optimal debulking (p<0,001), erken Uluslararası Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Federasyonu evresi (p=0,046) ve daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL ekspresyonu skorlarının (p=0,028) tümünün daha uzun hastalıksız sağkalım (DFS) ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi; oysa ki kalan değişkenler, PD-1 pozitifliği, stromal CD3+ ve CD4+ TIL’ler ve intraepitelyal CD3+, CD4+ ve CD8+ TIL’ler dahil olmak üzere, analiz edildiğinde DFS ile korele değildi. Ayrıca, tek değişkenli analiz, tümör hücrelerinde optimal debulking (p=0,010) ve daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL ekspresyonu skorlarının (p=0,021) tümünün daha uzun genel sağkalım (OS) ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koydu. Sonuç: Daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL skorları, tek değişkenli analizde DFS ve OS ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliyken, stromal CD3+ ve CD4+ TIL’lerin ve intraepitelyal CD3+, CD4+ ve CD8+ TIL’lerin skorları, hem tek değişkenli hem de çok değişkenli analizlerde DFS ve OS ile ilişkili değildi. Ayrıca, PD-1 pozitifliği ile stromal CD3+ TIL’lerin ve intraepitelyal CD8+ TIL’lerin skorları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Ancak, PD-1 pozitifliği ile HGSOC hastalarının sağkalımı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmedi

The nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Kırıkkale University hospital staff and patients visitors

Hastane enfeksiyonlarının önemli bir, etkeni olan S. auerus suşlarının kaynaklarından birisi de hastane personelidir. Metisiline dirençli S. auerus (MRSA) kökenlerinin giderek artması tedavisi zor enfeksiyonlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hastane personeli ile hasta ziyaretçileri arasında burunda S.aureus taşıyıcılık oranı bakımından fark olup olmadığının ve taşıyıcılığa etkili olası faktörlerle ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde görevli 219 sağlık personelinin 34'ünde (%İ5) nazal S.aureus taşıyıcılığı saptanırken (29 MSSA (Metisilin sensitif S. Auerus), 5 MRSA'); bu oran 100 hasta yakınının 10'unda (%10) (5 MSSA, 5 MRSA) tespit edildi. Hastane personelinde S. aureus taşıyıcılığı hasta yakınlarına göre anlamlı oranda yüksek bulundu (p0.044). Taşıyıcılığı etkileyen risk faktörleri (hâlen damar içi antibiötik kullanımı, son 6 ayda hastanede yatış, son 6 ayda cerrahi operasyon geçirme ve kronik hastalık öyküsü) ile taşıyıcılık arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (p0.05). Erkeklerde S. aureus (MSSA açısından) taşıma sıklığı karşı cinse göre anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (p0,028). Taşıyıcılık oranı yüksek saptanan hastane personeli bu fırsatçı patojen bakterilerin bulaşmasında rol oynayabileceğinden; nozokomial enfeksiyonların önemli bir etkeni olan S. aureus taşıyıcılığinı önleyebilmek amacıyla hastane personelinin periyodik olarak izlenmesi ve gerekirse tedavisinin yapılması düşünülebilir.Health Staff is one of the sources of S. auerus strains which is an' important cause of hospital infections. The expansion of metisiline resistant S. auerus (MRŞA) roots cause the increase of infections which are difficult to treat. The aim of this study to investigate was the difference between hospital staff and patient visitors in terms of S.aureus carriage and the factors affecting carriage. While, nasal S.aureus carrieship was diagnosed on 34 staff (15%) (29 MSSA, 5 MRSA) out of 219 working at Kırıkkale University School of Medicine Hospital, this ratio was foun to be 10 out of 100 patient relatives (10%) (5 MSSA, 5 MRSA). S. aureus carriage was found to be significantly higher among hospital staff than that on patient relatives (p0,.044). No significant correlation was found between risk factors (current intravenous antibiotic use, hospitalization within last 6 months, surgical operation within last 6 months and chronic, illness history) and carriage rates (p>0.05). Carriage among males (in terms MSSA) was found to be significantly higher than that of females (p0.028). Since hospital staff with higher carrieship ratio can play a significant role in spread of these bacterie, periodic inspection and treatment of hospital staff when it is needed can be planned to avoid S. Aureus carriage which is an important cause of nozocomial infections

Abdominal aort anevrizmalarının endovasküler tamirine ilişkin erken ve orta dönem sonuçlarımız

Background: In this study, we present our early and mid-term results of endovascular aneurysm repair in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods: Between December 2011 and January 2017, a total of 154 patients (136 males, 18 females; mean age 71.7 years; range, 55 to 94 years) who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair were retrospectively analyzed. Data including demographic characteristics of the patients, pre-procedural additional diagnoses, mortality and morbidity rates, length of intensive care unit and hospital stays, amounts of blood products used, complications and reinterventions were recorded. Results: Seven patients underwent intervention in the emergency setting due to aneurysm rupture, while 147 patients received elective surgery. The mean follow-up was 35 (range, 12 to 72) months, the mean length of intensive care unit stay was 1.1 (range, 1 to 4) days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 3.1 (range, 3 to 7) days. A mean 0.3 units of erythrocyte suspension was used during the treatment. Endoleak developed in 16 patients, occlusion in the graft leg in two patients, increased aneurysmal diameter in six patients, and wound healing problems in five patients. Cross femoral bypass was applied in two patients, balloon dilation in three patients, proximal extension in three patients, and distal extension in four patients. Intraoperative mortality occurred in one patient. The total mortality rate was 7% and first 30-day mortality rate was 2%. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that endovascular aneurysm repair has certain advantages including a low operative mortality rate, short intensive care unit and hospital stays, and less blood product use. In addition, this technique can be performed with regional anesthesia in high-risk comorbid patients.Amaç: Bu çalışmada, infrarenal abdominal aort anevrizması olan hastalarda endovasküler anevrizma tamirine ilişkin erken ve orta dönem sonuçlarımız sunuldu. Çalışma planı: Aralık 2011 - Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında endovasküler anevrizma tamiri yapılan toplam 154 hasta (136 erkek, 18 kadın; ort. yaş 71.7 yıl; dağılım, 55-94 yıl) retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, işlem öncesi ek tanıları, mortalite ve morbidite oranları, yoğun bakım ünitesinde ve hastanede kalış süreleri, kullanılan kan ürünü miktarları, komplikasyonlar ve yeniden girişimler dahil olmak üzere veriler kaydedildi. Bulgular: Yedi hastaya anevrizma rüptürü nedeniyle acil koşullarda girişim uygulanırken, 147 hastaya elektif cerrahi yapıldı. Ortalama takip süresi 35 (dağılım, 12-72) ay, yoğun bakım ünitesinde kalış süresi 1.1 (dağılım, 1-4) gün ve hastanede kalış süresi 3.1 (dağılım, 3-7) gün idi. Tedavi süresince ortalama 0.3 ünite eritrosit süspansiyonu kullanıldı. On altı hastada kaçak, iki hastada greft bacağında tıkanıklık, altı hastada anevrizma çapında artış ve beş hastada yara iyileşme problemi görüldü. İki hastaya kros femoral baypas, üç hastaya balon dilatasyon, üç hastaya proksimal ekstansiyon ve dört hastaya distal ekstansiyon uygulandı. İşlem sırasında bir hastada mortalite gelişti. Total mortalite oranı 7% ve ilk 30 günlük mortalite oranı 2% idi. Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarımız endovasküler anevrizma tamirinin düşük cerrahi mortalite oranı, kısa yoğun bakım ünitesi ve hastane yatışı ve daha az kan ürünü kullanımı dahil olmak üzere birtakım avantajlara sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bu teknik yüksek riskli komorbid hastalarda rejyonel anestezi ile birlikte gerçekleştirilebilir

Evaluation Of The Ecological And Economical Results Of The Introduced Alien Fish Species In Lake Egirdir, Turkey

Lake Egirdir is the second largest lake in Turkey and its fish fauna in 1950's was consisted of Barbatula mediterraneus, Cobitis turcica, Capoeta pestai, Cyprinus carpio, Hemigrammocapoeta kemali, Pseudophoxinus egridiri, Pseudophoxinus handlirschi, Vimba vimba and Aphanius anatoliae. Sander lucioperca were introduced to the lake and a considerable amount of pikeperch fishery become possible during the 1970s. However, during the 1980's, most of the native fish species in the lake disappeared due to predatory effects of the pikeperch. Cannibalism rate of pikeperch increased (96%) and their size in the catch decreased because of unsufficient prey fish and overfishing. Moreover, with the collapse of crayfish stock because of a fungal infection, the lake fishery became deteriorated. In the followed years, Gambusia affinis, Knipowitschia caucasica, Tinca tinca, Carassius gibelio, Alburnus chalcoides, Seminemacheilus ispartensis, Atherina boyeri and Pseudorasbora parva were introduced to the lake and cannibalism rate in pikeperch population decreased to 96%. Annual catch in the lake decreased to 38-450 tons in the last five years from 2000 tons in the years of 1970s. At the time of this research 13 fish species was present in the lake and 7 of these were native while 6 were alien species. Consequently, the alien fish species introduced to Lake Egirdir have caused a change in the lake's native fish fauna, destroyed its endemic species as well as giving damage to both the food-chain structure of the lake's ecosystem and the socioeconomic structure of the region.Wo

A prospective study on indication of intracoronary shunt during off-pump coronary bypass grafting surgery for single-vessel disease

Bozok, Sahin/0000-0002-1256-5055WOS: 000378158900006Background: This study aims to investigate whether usage of intracoronary shunt is beneficial in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in patients with left anterior descending artery lesion with or without retrograde flow in the vessel. Methods: A total of 80 patients (54 males, 26 females; mean age 61.9 years; range 36 to 82 years) treated with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in our clinic between April 2007 and March 2014 were enrolled. While half of the patients had angiographically demonstrated occluded (100%) left anterior descending artery disease, the other half had stenotic left anterior descending artery disease (70-99%). These patients were randomized into four groups according to the degree of obstruction and use of intracoronary shunt. Groups were compared in terms of duration of anastomosis and serum levels of troponin I, creatinine kinase, and creatinine kinase myocardial bundle. Results: Postoperative levels of creatinine kinase myocardial bundle and troponin were significantly lower in the groups in which intracoronary shunt was used. on the contrary, there was no difference in terms of preoperative levels of creatinine kinase myocardial bundle and troponin and preand postoperative levels of creatinine kinase in groups with or without shunt usage. Conclusion: Intracoronary shunt may be advised especially in critically ill patients with anatomical challenges. Further clinical trials are necessary to clarify the indications of intracoronary shunts in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery