Espectro trófico del bagre Ictalurus punctatus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), en la presa Lázaro Cárdenas, Indé, Durango, México

Having the objective of determining their trophic spectrum and their variations within a year, the contents of 240 stomachs of Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) were analyzed from 2006 to 2007. The items of the stomach contents were determined to the order level. The data was analyzed by different quantitative and qualitative methods. The most frequent orders were Perciforms and Atheriniforms corresponding to forage fish, along with green algae of the Charales order. Also, seven orders of invertebrates were found:  Schizodonta, Odonata, Himenoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera and Scorpionida, and two orders of plants: Poales and Fabales. The Perciform order made up almost half of the total weight of the stomach contents, followed by the Atheriniform and the Charales orders. The greatest number of empty stomachs showed up during summer and winter, while the greatest number of filled-up stomachs was found during the spring season. The quantity of food consumed during winter time was significantly lower than the amount consumed during all other seasons. The kind of food consumed during the spring, summer and autumn was mainly fish, while algae were preferred during the winter season.Se analizó el contenido de 240 estómagos de Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818), colectados de 2006 a 2007, con el objetivo de determinar su espectro trófico, su variación por talla y época climática. Los contenidos estomacales se analizaron en laboratorio y los organismos se determinaron hasta nivel de orden. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados por métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los órdenes más frecuentes fueron Perciformes y Atheriniformes que corresponden a peces forraje, así como algas verdes del orden Charales. Además, se encontraron otros siete órdenes de invertebrados: Schizodonta, Odonata, Himenoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera y Scorpionida, además de dos órdenes de plantas: Poales y Fabales. El orden Perciforme constituyó casi la mitad del total del peso del contenido estomacal, seguido por los órdenes Atheriniforme y Charales. En las estaciones de verano e invierno se presentó el mayor número de estómagos vacíos, mientras que en primavera se encontró el mayor número de estómagos llenos. La cantidad de alimento ingerida en la estación de invierno fue significativamente menor que en las demás estaciones. El principal alimento en primavera, verano y otoño, fueron los peces, mientras que en invierno hubo mayor preferencia por las algas

Influence of fetal bovine serum and amino acids on limb regeneration in the african clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)

La regeneración biológica es la capacidad que poseen ciertos organismos para restaurar algún tejido perdido o lesionado. Se han utilizado diversos modelos biológicos para el estudio de la regeneración como las hidras (Hydra viridis), las planarias (Planaria maculata, P. lugubris) y los anfibios (Ambystoma mexicanum, Xenopus laevis). En este trabajo se investigó la influencia del suero fetal bovino y aminoácidos en la regeneración de extremidades en la rana africana de uñas (Xenopus laevis). Se estudiaron 40 especímenes en estadio 66 a los cuales se les realizó una amputación en el área proximal de la tibia-peroné de la extremidad posterior derecha, formando cinco grupos (tratamientos) (aminoácidos, suero fetal bovino, solución fisiológica, estimulación mecánica y control) que estuvieron en fase experimental por un lapso de 78 días. Se realizaron análisis morfométricos y de mortalidad. Los resultados mostraron que no existe una diferencia significativa respecto al ancho y largo de la espícula bajo la influencia de estos tratamientos. La mortalidad fue mayor en el grupo donde se aplicó suero fetal bovino y menor en el grupo que recibió aminoácidos. Probablemente la capacidad regenerativa en el estadio 66 está más influida por el sitio de amputación que por los tratamientos.Biological regeneration is the capacity that certain organisms have to restore any lost or injured tissue. Regeneration has been studied in diverse biological models, for example the hydra (Hydra viridis), planarian (Planaria maculata, P. lugubris), and amphibians (Ambystoma mexicanum, Xenopus laevis). In this work, the influence of fetal bovine serum and amino acids in limb regeneration in African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) was investigated. Forty specimens were studied on stage 66 which underwent an amputation in the proximal tibia-fibula area of the right hind limb, forming five groups (treatments) (amino acids, fetal bovine serum, application of physiological serum, mechanical stimulation and control) that were in experimental phase for a period of 78 days. Mortality and morphometric analysis were performed. The results showed no significant difference from the width and length of the spike under the influence of these treatments. Mortality was higher in the group where fetal bovine serum was applied and lower in the group receiving amino acids. It is believed that the regenerative capacity in the stage 66 is more influenced by the amputation site than the treatments.Sociedad de Ciencias Morfológicas de La Plat

Influencia de suero fetal bovino y aminoácidos en la regeneración de extremidades en la rana africana de uñas (xenopus laevis)

Biological regeneration is the capacity that certain organisms have to restore any lost or injured tissue. Regeneration has been studied in diverse biological models, for example the hydra (Hydra viridis), planarian (Planaria maculata, P. lugubris), and amphibians (Ambystoma mexicanum, Xenopus laevis). In this work, the influence of fetal bovine serum and amino acids in limb regeneration in African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) was investigated. Forty specimens were studied on stage 66 which underwent an amputation in the proximal tibia-fibula area of the right hind limb, forming five groups (treatments) (amino acids, fetal bovine serum, application of physiological serum, mechanical stimulation and control) that were in experimental phase for a period of 78 days. Mortality and morphometric analysis were performed. The results showed no significant difference from the width and length of the spike under the influence of these treatments. Mortality was higher in the group where fetal bovine serum was applied and lower in the group receiving amino acids. It is believed that the regenerative capacity in the stage 66 is more influenced by the amputation site than the treatments.La regeneración biológica es la capacidad que poseen ciertos organismos para restaurar algún tejido perdido o lesionado. Se han utilizado diversos modelos biológicos para el estudio de la regeneración como las hidras (Hydra viridis), las planarias (Planaria maculata, P. lugubris) y los anfibios (Ambystoma mexicanum, Xenopus laevis). En este trabajo se investigó la influencia del suero fetal bovino y aminoácidos en la regeneración de extremidades en la rana africana de uñas (Xenopus laevis). Se estudiaron 40 especímenes en estadio 66 a los cuales se les realizó una amputación en el área proximal de la tibia-peroné de la extremidad posterior derecha, formando cinco grupos (tratamientos) (aminoácidos, suero fetal bovino, solución fisiológica, estimulación mecánica y control) que estuvieron en fase experimental por un lapso de 78 días. Se realizaron análisis morfométricos y de mortalidad. Los resultados mostraron que no existe una diferencia significativa respecto al ancho y largo de la espícula bajo la influencia de estos tratamientos. La mortalidad fue mayor en el grupo donde se aplicó suero fetal bovino y menor en el grupo que recibió aminoácidos. Probablemente la capacidad regenerativa en el estadio 66 está más influida por el sitio de amputación que por los tratamientos

Feeding ecology of the catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) in a reservoir in Northeast Mexico

Objective: Determine the main food components of the catfish, their seasonal variability and according to the sex of the organism. Methodology: In total, 143 stomachs of catfish were examined. In the analysis of the stomach content, the detected organisms were determined until the taxonomic order rank. It was analyzed the seasonal and sex feeding variability. Results: The total annual trophic spectrum for catfish consisted of 13 items, of which only the order Ephemeroptera reached the category as a frequent food. In the winter season the catfish consumed significantly more food compared to the other seasons and there was no difference in the amount consumed by females and males (p>0.05). Implications: This information is relevant to highlight the importance of the biological integrity of the terrestrial site surrounds the reservoir, which is a source of food for the catfish. Conclusions: Catfish channel in the Venustiano Carranza Dam is a generalist species (13 alimentary items). There was a difference in the amount of food consumed between the seasons of the year; however there was no difference between the sexes.Objective: To determine the main food of the catfish according to seasonal variability and the sex of theorganism in the Venustiano Carranza Dam, Coahuila, Mexico.Methodology: In total, 143 catfish stomachs from different seasons were examined. In the analysis of the stomach content, the detected organisms were determined until the taxonomic order rank. The seasonal and sex feeding variability were also analyzed. The Relative Importance Index and the Alimentary Index were applied. Non-parametric tests were carried out to compare stomach content between seasons and sexes.Results: The total annual trophic spectrum for catfish consisted of 13 items, of which only the order Ephemeroptera was categorized as a frequent food. In the winter season the catfish consumed significantly more food compared to the other seasons, but there was no difference in the amount consumed by females and males (p>0.05).Implications: This information is relevant to highlight the importance of the biological integrity of the terrestrial site which surrounds the reservoir as a source of food for the catfish.Conclusions: Catfish channel in the Venustiano Carranza Dam is a generalist species (13 alimentary items). There was a difference in food consumed during the different seasons of the year. However, there was no difference between the sexes

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Purpose In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes