Supporting End-User Development through a New Composition Model: An Empirical Study

End-user development (EUD) is much hyped, and its impact has outstripped even the most optimistic forecasts. Even so, the vision of end users programming their own solutions has not yet materialized. This will continue to be so unless we in both industry and the research community set ourselves the ambitious challenge of devising end to end an end-user application development model for developing a new age of EUD tools. We have embarked on this venture, and this paper presents the main insights and outcomes of our research and development efforts as part of a number of successful EU research projects. Our proposal not only aims to reshape software engineering to meet the needs of EUD but also to refashion its components as solution building blocks instead of programs and software developments. This way, end users will really be empowered to build solutions based on artefacts akin to their expertise and understanding of ideal solution

Desarrollo de una plataforma para la selección de anticuerpos recombinantes humanos basada en la activación de linfocitos T: estrategias de selección in vitro e in vivo

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 22-07-201

Prevalencia de asma bronquial en alumnos de primer año de medicina de la Universidad Ricardo Palma en el año 2015

Objetivos: Determinar la tasa de prevalencia de asma bronquial, en la población estudiantil del primer año de la facultad medicina, de la universidad Ricardo Palma. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta descriptiva en 118 estudiantes. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante dicha encuesta, en la cual se incluyó preguntas en relación al cuadro clínico, a cada pregunta se le asignó un puntaje, siendo positivo el diagnóstico cuando el puntaje fue mayor o igual a 0,75. Resultados: De un total de 118 estudiantes, la totalidad de ellos fue encuestada, la prevalencia fue de 17% (20) los cuales obtuvieron un puntaje en la encuesta de asma bronquial en el adulto mayor a 0.75; por lo que se diagnosticó asma en estos estudiantes. Siendo la edad promedio de mayor presentación de asma bronquial en el rango de 16 a 19 años. Predominando ligeramente en el sexo masculino (60%) respecto al sexo femenino (40%). Además se evidenció que el 5,9% (7) no conocían su diagnóstico. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de asma en la población estudiada, es comparable con la prevalencia a nivel nacional, el rango de edad más prevalente fue entre 16- 19, sin embargo, al tratarse de población universitaria de primer año, este rango representó el 96% (114) de la población estudiada. Se evidenció una ligera mayor prevalencia en el sexo masculino. Se encontró que el 6% de la población estudiada, no contaba con el diagnóstico previo de asma bronquial.UNIVERSIDAD RICARDO PALMATesi

Factores socioepidemiológicos relacionados a depresión, ansiedad y estrés en trabajadores de salud del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue durante la pandemia por COVID-19

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) señala que la décima parte de la población en general padece algún trastorno de la salud mental. Así también, el número de personas con depresión, ansiedad o estrés ha aumentado en un 50% durante los últimos años.1 Por lo tanto, la llegada de la pandemia debido a COVID-19 en este año representa importantes desafíos para la población, especialmente por las medidas de emergencia sanitaria que los gobiernos han dispuesto como medidas de control ante esta nueva enfermedad. Dichas medidas de emergencia tales como el confinamiento, la cuarentena y el distanciamiento social desencadenan una fuente natural de emociones negativas como la preocupación, ansiedad, tristeza, impaciencia, depresión, estrés o enfado2. Principalmente, es el distanciamiento entre personas lo que incrementa la posibilidad de problemas psicológicos y mentales. Ya que, en ausencia de comunicación interpersonal, es más probable que los trastornos depresivos y ansiosos ocurran o empeoren3. Con respecto al personal de salud que se encuentra en primera línea, estos problemas de salud mental pueden tener repercusión en su desempeño profesional, así como en su bienestar y calidad de vida. Por eso, es de gran importancia proteger la salud mental del personal de salud para el adecuado control de la pandemia y para cuidar su propia salud4. Con respecto a lo antes mencionado, se han ido realizando diversos trabajos que permiten conocer el impacto de la salud mental en la población debido a esta pandemia. Por ejemplo, el trabajo de Wang C et al5, en China, cuyo objetivo fue determinar los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y estrés en chinos, evidenció que un 16.5% presentó sintomas depresivos de moderados a graves, 28.8% presentó síntomas de ansiedad de moderados a graves y 8.1% presentó niveles de estrés moderado a severo. Lo cual evidencia que, en la ciudad donde inició la pandemia y se manejó mas rapidamente, la incidencia de estos trastornos mentales relacionados a esta es importante. Además, esto se ve reflejado en el estudio realizado por López-González A6, en el cual se evidenciaron niveles altos de sintomatología relacionada a depresión, ansiedad y estrés en trabajadores de salud. Siendo esto más frecuente entre personal de primera línea, enfermería y de sexo femenino sumado a las condiciones previamente mencionadas. Con respecto a la situación actual en nuestro país y en relación al impacto en la salud mental del personal asistencial, el estudio publicado por Yáñez J et al7., fue el primero en reunir estas características. El objetivo fue evaluar la angustia y ansiedad en los trabajadores sanitarios peruanos durante la pandemia debido a COVID-19 cuyos resultados informaron un 26.1% de angustia mental severa y 21.7% de ansiedad en los trabajadores de salud. Además, se evidenció que el tipo de institución (público o privado), tipo de contrato (tiempo completo o parcial) se relaciona con mayores niveles de estos trastornos. Por lo que concluyó que existe una alta tasa de ansiedad y angustia en trabajadores de salud peruanos. Por lo ya expuesto, es que pensamos que es importante el estudio de la pandemia por COVID-19 relacionado a la salud mental del personal en primera línea. Ya que no solo afecta la calidad de atención del personal de salud, su capacidad de comprensión clínica o sus habilidades en la toma de decisiones, lo que podría dificultar la lucha contra la infección del COVID-19 sino también la calidad de vida de cada uno de los que hacen frente a esta pandemia

Effect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of biocides on the susceptibility to antibiotics of sessile cells of "Listeria monocytogenes" and "Salmonella enterica"

Journal Pre-proof. Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCLE[EN] The effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of several disinfectants on the antibiotic resistance of sessile cells of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica was investigated. Biofilms were formed in the presence of biocides at MIC/2. Five compounds were used: peracetic acid (PAA), benzalkonium chloride (BZK), sodium hypochlorite (SHY), polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVI) and bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (BAPA). Two strains of L. monocytogenes (LM30 and LM28) and S. enterica (S. Typhimurium -ST- and S. Enteritidis -SE-) were used. Mono-species biofilms (MSB) and mixed biofilms (MB, LM30 + ST and LM28 + SE) were tested. LM30 went from susceptible to resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin after exposure to BAPA in MB. LM28 went from susceptible to resistant to tetracycline in the presence of PVI in MSB, from susceptible to intermediate to chloramphenicol after exposure to PAA in both MSB and MB, and from susceptible to resistant to ampicillin after exposure to SHY and BAPA in MB. ST went from intermediate to resistant to gentamicin after exposure to SHY, PVI and BAPA (MSB), or to PVI and BAPA (MB). This strain went from susceptible to intermediate to cefoxitin after exposure to BZK and PVI (MSB) or to BZK, PVI and BAPA (MB). For fosfomycin, ST went from susceptible to intermediate after exposure to PAA, PVI and PAPA (MSB) or to SHY, BZK, PVI and BAPA (MB). In the case of cephalothin, ST moved from intermediate to resistant category in MSB exposed to BAPA. SE moved from susceptible to intermediate to fosfomycin after contact with PAA in both MSB and MB. By contrast, in several occasions, strains increased their susceptibility to antibiotics after exposure to biocides. In some additional cases, contact with disinfectants caused significative modifications in the MIC of various antibiotics without the strains changing from one category to another. These findings show that contact with low concentrations of biocides can modify the antibiotic resistance of sessile cells of L. monocytogenes and S. enterica. The need to use adequate doses of disinfectants in food facilities in order to avoid changes in bacterial resistance is highlighted.SIJunta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación, Spain, grant number LE018P20

Prevalence and types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in meat and meat products from retail outlets and in samples of animal origin collected in farms, slaughterhouses and meat processing facilities. A review

[EN]Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent cause of nosocomial and community infections, in some cases severe and difficult to treat. In addition, there are strains of MRSA that are specifically associated with food-producing animals. For this reason, in recent years special attention has been paid to the role played by foodstuffs of animal origin in infections by this microorganism. With the aim of gaining knowledge on the prevalence and types of MRSA in meat and meat products, a review was undertaken of work published on this topic since 2001, a total of 259 publications, 185 relating to meat samples from retail outlets and 74 to samples of animal origin collected in farms, slaughterhouses and meat processing facilities. Strains of MRSA were detected in 84.3% reports (156 out of 185) from retail outlets and 86.5% reports (64 out of 74) from farms, slaughterhouses and meat processing facilities, although in most of the research this microorganism was detected in under 20% of samples from retail outlets, and under 10% in those from farms, slaughterhouses and meat processing facilities. The meat and meat products most often contaminated with MRSA were pork and chicken. In addition to the mecA gene, it is crucial to take into consideration the mecB and mecC genes, so as to avoid misidentification of strains as MSSA (methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus). The great variety of methods used for the determination of MRSA highlights the need to develop a standardized protocol for the study of this microorganism in foods.SIES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

A component- and connector-based approach for end-user composite web applications development

Enabling real end-user development is the next logical stage in the evolution of Internet-wide service-based applications. Successful composite applications rely on heavyweight service orchestration technologies that raise the bar far above end-user skills. This weakness can be attributed to the fact that the composition model does not satisfy end-user needs rather than to the actual infrastructure technologies. In our opinion, the best way to overcome this weakness is to offer end-to-end composition from the user interface to service invocation, plus an understandable abstraction of building blocks and a visual composition technique empowering end users to develop their own applications. In this paper, we present a visual framework for end users, called FAST, which fulfils this objective. FAST implements a novel composition model designed to empower non-programmer end users to create and share their own self-service composite applications in a fully visual fashion. We projected the development environment implementing this model as part of the European FP7 FAST Project, which was used to validate the rationale behind our approach

Automated end user-centred adaptation of web components through automated description logic-based reasoning

Context: This paper addresses one of the major end-user development (EUD) challenges, namely, how to pack today?s EUD support tools with composable elements. This would give end users better access to more components which they can use to build a solution tailored to their own needs. The success of later end-user software engineering (EUSE) activities largely depends on how many components each tool has and how adaptable components are to multiple problem domains. Objective: A system for automatically adapting heterogeneous components to a common development environment would offer a sizeable saving of time and resources within the EUD support tool construction process. This paper presents an automated adaptation system for transforming EUD components to a standard format. Method: This system is based on the use of description logic. Based on a generic UML2 data model, this description logic is able to check whether an end-user component can be transformed to this modeling language through subsumption or as an instance of the UML2 model. Besides it automatically finds a consistent, non-ambiguous and finite set of XSLT mappings to automatically prepare data in order to leverage the component as part of a tool that conforms to the target UML2 component model. Results: The proposed system has been successfully applied to components from four prominent EUD tools. These components were automatically converted to a standard format. In order to validate the proposed system, rich internet applications (RIA) used as an operational support system for operators at a large services company were developed using automatically adapted standard format components. These RIAs would be impossible to develop using each EUD tool separately. Conclusion: The positive results of applying our system for automatically adapting components from current tool catalogues are indicative of the system?s effectiveness. Use of this system could foster the growth of web EUD component catalogues, leveraging a vast ecosystem of user-centred SaaS to further current EUSE trends

Instructional and Technological Design of E-Learning Courses

Diseño de un modelo tecnológico e instruccional para impartir cursos e-learning

End-User Development Success Factors and their Application to Composite Web Development Environments

The Future Internet is expected to be composed of a mesh of interoperable Web services accessed from all over the Web. This approach has not yet caught on since global user-service interaction is still an open issue. Successful composite applications rely on heavyweight service orchestration technologies that raise the bar far above end-user skills. The weakness lies in the abstraction of the underlying service front-end architecture rather than the infrastructure technologies themselves. In our opinion, the best approach is to offer end-to-end composition from user interface to service invocation, as well as an understandable abstraction of both building blocks and a visual composition technique. In this paper we formalize our vision with regard to the next-generation front-end Web technology that will enable integrated access to services, contents and things in the Future Internet. We present a novel reference architecture designed to empower non-technical end users to create and share their own self-service composite applications. A tool implementing this architecture has been developed as part of the European FP7 FAST Project and EzWeb Project, allowing us to validate the rationale behind our approach