Papel del ácido oleico en el sistema inmune: mecanismos de acción: revisión científica

Introduction:Although n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been widely described as antiinflammatory fats, little is known about the role of oleic acid in immune system. Aim: The aim of the present review is to join all the reports available in order to analyze where exactly the knowledge concerning this topic is and what the causes of the controversial data could be. Methods: We searched electronic databases and bibliographies of selected articles were inspected for further reference. Results:Diets rich in oleic acid have beneficial effects in inflammatory-related diseases. In addition, a wide range of studies evaluate the effect of oleic acid in different cellular functions thus reporting a potential mechanism for the biological effect of such a fat. However, some controversial data can be found in literature, maybe related to the kind of study or even the dose of the reagent added. Conclusion:In conclusion, oleic acid could be reported as an anti-inflammatory fatty acid playing a role in the activation of different pathways of immune competent cells

İnsan kolorektal adenokarsinom hücrelerindeki Ca2+ sinyal iletimi üzerine ekonazolün etkisi

Introduction: Econazole, an azole compound widely used as an antifungal drug, is currently investigated for additional therapeutic effects. In fact, the antitumoral properties of econazole have been recently demonstrated, both in vivo and at the cellular level. However, the precise mechanism of action behind its effects is still unclear. Aim: To examine the effect of econazole on intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways in a human adenocarcinoma cell line. Methods: [Ca2+]i was measured in Fura 2-loaded HT29 cells by fluorescence. Fluorescence was recorded from 1ml aliquots of magnetically stirred HT29 cells using a Cary Eclipse Spectrophotometer (Varian Ltd., Madrid, Spain) with excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm and emission at 510 nm. Results: We have demonstrated that econazole has a dual effect on Ca2+ homeostasis. It caused a dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. Both mobilization from thapsigargin-sensitive stores and extracellular Ca2+ influx contributed to the effect. A phospholipase C-dependent pathway proved to be activated by econazole. In addition, econazole greatly inhibited a physiological activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Conclusion: This study provides further molecular mechanism of econazole suggesting that this drug may modify the physiology of human adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line.Junta de Castilla y Leon (BU001A09), M.E.C. (fellowship C. Carrillo

Efecto antitumoral del ácido oleico; mecanismos de acción: revisión científica

Introduction: The beneficial effects of oleic acid in cancer processes can no longer be doubted, but little is known about the mechanisms of action behind this phenomenon. Aim: The aim of the present review is to clarify whether oleic acid has an effect on important mechanisms related to the carcinogenic processes. Aim: The aim of the present review is to clarify whether oleic acid has an effect on important mechanisms related to the carcinogenic processes. Methods:We searched electronic databases and biblio - graphies of selected articles were inspected for further reference. We focused our research on two cellular transformations characterizing cancer development: proliferation and cell death or apoptosis. Results: Numerous studies have reported an inhibition in cell proliferation induced by oleic acid in different tumor cell lines. Herein, oleic acid could suppress the over-expression of HER2 (erbB-2), a well-characterized oncogene which plays a key role in the etiology, invasive progression and metastasis in several human cancers. In addition, oleic acid could play a role in intracellular calcium signaling pathways linked to the proliferation event. Regarding cell death, oleic acid has been shown to induce apoptosis in carcinoma cells. The mechanisms behind the apoptotic event induced by oleic acid could be related to an increase in intracellular ROS production or caspase 3 activity. Several unsaturated fatty acids have been reported to induce apoptosis through a release of calcium from intracellular stores. However, evidence regarding such a role in oleic acid is lacking. Conclusions:Oleic acid plays a role in the activation of different intracellular pathways involved in carcinoma cell development. Such a role could be the root of its antitumoral effects reported in clinical studies

Efecto de la realimentación en la composición corporal de mujeres con anorexia nerviosa restrictiva; antropometría frente a impedancia bioeléctrica

Objetivo: Evaluar la composición corporal en un grupo de pacientes desnutridas con anorexia nerviosa, respecto de controles sanas, antes y después del soporte nutricional, mediante antropometría y bioimpedancia. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo. Se realizó una antropometría completa y un análisis de bioimpedancia a 12 mujeres con anorexia nerviosa restrictiva (24,5 años) al ingreso hospitalario y semanalmente durante la realimentación. El grupo control estuvo formado por 24 mujeres sanas (21 años). Se aplicaron los test t-Student, U-Mann-Whitney, t-Student para medidas repetidas o Wilcoxon. La concordancia entre antropometría y BIA se analizó mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y Bland-Altman. Resultados: Las pacientes mejoraron significativamente todos los índices de composición corporal a lo largo de la estancia hospitalaria, aunque sus valores al alta siguieron siendo menores que los de las controles. La media de peso ganado fue 5,22 kg (DE: 1,42), de los que el 51,4% fueron masa grasa, con distribución central preferentemente. En las controles la ecuación de BIA que mejor concuerda con antropometría es la de Sun (CCI = 0,896); en las pacientes la concordancia fue más débil, al ingreso y al alta. Conclusiones: La realimentación produce una ganancia ponderal, fundamentalmente a expensas de masa grasa, con distribución central; no se consigue restablecer el estado nutricional. La concordancia entre antropometría y bioimpedancia para el estudio de la composición corporal es aceptable, especialmente en sujetos sanos. Se recomienda emplear antropometría, si no se dispone de BIA vectorial o algún método gold estandard para el análisis de la composición corporal, en casos de alteraciones importantes en la composición corporal y/o el balance hídrico

Biological activity and photocatalytic properties of a naphthyl-imidazo phenanthroline (HNAIP) ligand and its [Ir(ppy)2(HNAIP)]Cl and [Rh(ppy)2(HNAIP)]Cl complexes

The synthesized 2-(hydroxy-1-naphtyl)imidazo-[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (HNAIP) ligand and its new iridium ([Ir(ppy)2(HNAIP)]Cl) and rhodium ([Rh(ppy)2(HNAIP)]Cl) complexes, being ppy = 2-phenylpiridinate, show cytotoxic effects in SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma) and A549 (epithelial lung adenocarcinoma) cells. They all are cytotoxic in the tested cell lines. HNAIP and [Rh(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ are the most cytotoxic, whereas [Ir(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ displays negligible cytotoxicity towards A549 cells and moderate activity towards SW480. The interaction of all three compounds with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), l-glutathione reduced (GSH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and DNA was studied to explain the differences found in terms of cytotoxicity. None of them are able to interact with BSA, thus excluding bioavailability due to plasma protein interaction as the possible differentiating factor in their biological activity. By contrast, small differences have been observed regarding DNA interaction. In addition, taking advantage of the emission properties of these molecules, they have been visualized in the cytoplasmic region of A549 cells. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) experiments show, in turn, that the internalization ability follow the sequence [Rh(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ > [Ir(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ > cisplatin. Therefore, it seems clear that the cellular uptake by tumour cells is the key factor affecting the different cytotoxicity of the metal complexes and that this cellular uptake is influenced by the hydrophobicity of the studied complexes. On the other hand, preliminary catalytic experiments performed on the photo-oxidation of GSH and some amino acids such as l-methionine (Met), l-cysteine (Cys) and l-tryptophan (Trp) provide evidence for the photocatalytic activity of the Ir(III) complex in this type of reactions.“la Caixa” Banking Foundation (LCF/PR/PR12/11070003), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-102040-B-100 and RTI2018-100709-B-C21), Junta de Castilla y León (BU305P18, FEDER Funds

Puesta en marcha de un sistema de evaluación formativa multidisciplinar aplicado a asignaturas de Ingeniería Química y Nutrición en el Grado en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos

Ponencia presentada en: VIII Jornadas de Innovación Docente de la UBU, Burgos, 5 de abril de 2016, organizadas por el Instituto de Formación e Innovación Educativa-IFIE de la Universidad de Burgo

Regeneración de campus para la creación de un laboratorio vivo de sostenibilidad ("living lab") en el Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Moncloa

La Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) a través de su Centro de Innovación en Tecnología para el Desarrollo Humano (itdUPM) está propiciando la generación de conciencia, conocimiento y soluciones innovadoras que contribuyen al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible a través de un edificio que sirve como laboratorio de prueba para nuevas tecnologías verdes y como plataforma de ideación colaborativa y activación social

Near Surface Atmospheric Temperatures at Jezero From Mars 2020 MEDA Measurements

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer instrument on Mars 2020 has five Atmospheric Temperature Sensors at two altitudes (0.84 and 1.45 m) plus a Thermal InfraRed Sensor that measures temperatures on the surface and at ∼40 m. We analyze the measurements from these sensors to describe the evolution of temperatures in Jezero up to mission sol 400 (solar longitude LS = 13°–203°). The diurnal thermal cycle is characterized by a daytime convective period and a nocturnal stable atmosphere with a variable thermal inversion. We find a linear relationship between the daytime temperature fluctuations and the vertical thermal gradient with temperature fluctuations that peak at noon with typical values of 2.5 K at 1.45 m. In the late afternoon (∼17:00 Local True Solar Time), the atmosphere becomes vertically isothermal with vanishing fluctuations. We observe very small seasonal changes in air temperatures during the period analyzed. This is related to small changes in solar irradiation and dust opacity. However, we find significant changes in surface temperatures that are related to the variety of thermal inertias of the terrains explored along the traverse of Perseverance. These changes strongly influence the vertical thermal gradient, breaking the nighttime thermal inversion over terrains of high thermal inertia. We explore possible detections of atmospheric tides on near-surface temperatures and we examine variations in temperatures over timescales of a few sols that could be indicative of atmospheric waves affecting near-surface temperatures. We also discuss temperatures during a regional dust storm at LS = 153°–156° that simultaneously warmed the near surface atmosphere while cooling the surface.We are very grateful to the entire Mars 2020 science operations team. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that helped us to improve the quality of the manuscript. A. Munguira is supported by the grant PRE2020-092562 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future.” R. Hueso and A. Sánchez-Lavega are supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and by Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1742-22. US coauthors have been funded by NASA's STMD, HEOMD, and SMD. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). B. Chide is supported by the Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory. M. Lemmon is supported by contract 15-712 from Arizona State University and 1607215 from Caltech-JPL. R. Lorenz was supported by JPL contract 1655893. G. Martínez acknowledges JPL funding from USRA Contract Number 1638782. A. Vicente-Retortillo is supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), and by the Comunidad de Madrid Project S2018/NMT-4291 (TEC2SPACE-CM). Researchers based in France acknowledge support from CNES for their work on Perseverance

The sound of a Martian dust devil

Dust devils (convective vortices loaded with dust) are common at the surface of Mars, particularly at Jezero crater, the landing site of the Perseverance rover. They are indicators of atmospheric turbulence and are an important lifting mechanism for the Martian dust cycle. Improving our understanding of dust lifting and atmospheric transport is key for accurate simulation of the dust cycle and for the prediction of dust storms, in addition to being important for future space exploration as grain impacts are implicated in the degradation of hardware on the surface of Mars. Here we describe the sound of a Martian dust devil as recorded by the SuperCam instrument on the Perseverance rover. The dust devil encounter was also simultaneously imaged by the Perseverance rover's Navigation Camera and observed by several sensors in the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer instrument. Combining these unique multi-sensorial data with modelling, we show that the dust devil was around 25m large, at least 118m tall, and passed directly over the rover travelling at approximately 5ms-1. Acoustic signals of grain impacts recorded during the vortex encounter provide quantitative information about the number density of particles in the vortex. The sound of a Martian dust devil was inaccessible until SuperCam microphone recordings. This chance dust devil encounter demonstrates the potential of acoustic data for resolving the rapid wind structure of the Martian atmosphere and for directly quantifying wind-blown grain fluxes on Mars.We are most grateful for the support of the Mars 2020 project team, including hardware and operation teams. This project was supported in the US by the NASA Mars Exploration Program, and in France by CNES. It is based on observations with SuperCam embarked on Perseverance (Mars2020). The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). The JPL co-author (M.T.) acknowledges funding from NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate and the Science Mission Directorate. A. V-R is supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), and by the Comunidad de Madrid Project S2018/NMT-4291 (TEC2SPACE-CM). R.H. and A.S-L. were supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1742-22. A.M. was supported by Grant PRE2020-092562 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”. R.L. acknowledges InSight PSP Grant 80NSSC18K1626 as well as the Mars 2020 project. B.C. is supported by the Director’s Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, grant 20210960PRD3. JA.RM., M.M, J.T and J.G-E were supported by MCIN/AEI’s Grant RTI2018-098728-B-C31

Convective Vortices and Dust Devils Detected and Characterized by Mars 2020

We characterize vortex and dust devils (DDs) at Jezero from pressure and winds obtained with the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) instrument on Mars 2020 over 415 Martian days (sols) (Ls = 6°–213°). Vortices are abundant (4.9 per sol with pressure drops >0.5 Pa correcting from gaps in coverage) and they peak at noon. At least one in every five vortices carries dust, and 75% of all vortices with Δp > 2.0 Pa are dusty. Seasonal variability was small but DDs were abundant during a dust storm (Ls = 152°–156°). Vortices are more frequent and intense over terrains with lower thermal inertia favoring high daytime surface-to-air temperature gradients. We fit measurements of winds and pressure during DD encounters to models of vortices. We obtain vortex diameters that range from 5 to 135 m with a mean of 20 m, and from the frequency of close encounters we estimate a DD activity of 2.0–3.0 DDs km−2 sol−1. A comparison of MEDA observations with a Large Eddy Simulation of Jezero at Ls = 45° produces a similar result. Three 100-m size DDs passed within 30 m of the rover from what we estimate that the activity of DDs with diameters >100 m is 0.1 DDs km−2sol−1, implying that dust lifting is dominated by the largest vortices in Jezero. At least one vortex had a central pressure drop of 9.0 Pa and internal winds of 25 ms−1. The MEDA wind sensors were partially damaged during two DD encounters whose characteristics we elaborate in detail.The authors are very grateful to the entire Mars 2020 science operations team. The authors would also like to thank Lori Fenton and an anonymous reviewer for many suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1742-22 and by the Spanish National Research, Development and Innovation Program, through the Grants RTI2018-099825-B-C31, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, and ESP2014-54256-C4-3-R. Baptiste Chide is supported by the Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory. M. Lemmon is supported by contract 15-712 from Arizona State University and 1607215 from Caltech-JPL. R. Lorenz was supported by JPL contract 1655893. Germán Martínez acknowledges JPL funding from USRA Contract Number 1638782. A. Munguira was supported by Grant PRE2020-092562 funded by MCIN/AEI and by “ESF Investing in your future.” A. Vicente-Retortillo is supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”-Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), and by the Comunidad de Madrid Project S2018/NMT-4291 (TEC2SPACE-CM). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). Finnish researchers acknowledge the Academy of Finland Grant 328 310529. Researchers based in France acknowledge support from the CNES for their work on Perseverance