DISLIPIDEMIA DIABÉTICA

RESUMENLas enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes diabéticos y uno de los principales factores de riesgo son las dislipidemias. Estos pacientes presentan un patrón de alteraciones lipídicas caracterizadas por elevación moderada del colesterol LDL, con aumento de las partículas de LDL densas y pequeñas, incremento de triglicéridos y reducción del colesterol HDL (dislipidemia aterogénica).Las diversas guías de manejo de dislipidemias coinciden en que la reducción del colesterol LDL, es el principal objetivo terapéutico en estos pacientes. Así entonces, las intervenciones terapéuticas deben considerar, además de las modificaciones del estilo de vida, el uso de estatinas como droga de primera elección. Diversos estudios han evidenciado la gran efectividad de las estatinas en la reducción de eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes diabéticos. Sin embargo, en muchos casos es necesario el uso de otros fármacos asociados, principalmente ezetimibe y algunos fibratos con el fin de optimizar los niveles de lípidos plasmáticos y reducir el riesgo cardiovascular residual.SUMMARYCardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbi-mortality in diabetic patients and the dyslipidemias are one of the main risk factors. Diabetic patients exhibit different lipid abnormalities including increase of LDL cholesterol, with predominance of small dense LDL particles, increase of triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol plasma levels.Different lipid guidelines have established that LDL cholesterol is the primary therapeutic target for diabetic patients. Therefore, in addition to lifestyle modifications, statins are the first line drug in these patients, and several studies have shown the effectiveness of statins in reduction of cardiovascular events in these patients. Nevertheless, in several cases, it is necessary to associate additional drugs, including ezetimibe and/or fibrates in order to optimize the lipid levels and reduce the cardiovascular residual risk

Extinction ratios in the inner Galaxy as revealed by the VVV survey

Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 10 pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables © 2017 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Interstellar extinction towards the Galactic Center is large and significantly differential. Its reddening and dimming effects in red clump stars in the Galactic Bulge can be exploited to better constrain the extinction law towards the innermost Galaxy. By virtue of a deep and complete catalog of more than 30 million objets at $|l|\le2.7\deg$ and $|b|\le1.55\deg$ obtained from VVV survey observations, we apply the red clump method to infer the selective-to-total extinction ratios in the $Z$, $Y$, $J$, $H$ and $K_s$ broadband near-infrared filters. The measured values are smaller than previously reported, and are not constant, with mean values, e.g., $A_{K_S}/E(J-K_s)=0.428\pm0.005\pm0.04$ and $A_{K_S}/E(H-K_s)=1.104\pm0.022\pm0.2$. We also obtain a ratio $A_Z$:$A_Y$:$A_J$:$A_H$:$A_{K_S}$ of 7.74:5.38:3.30:1.88:1.0, implying extinction towards the Galactic Center to follow a distribution as a function of wavelength steeper than previously reported, consistent with a power law $A_{\lambda}\propto{\lambda}^{-2.47}$ in the near-infrared.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Milky Way demographics with the VVV survey. IV. PSF photometry from almost one billion stars in the Galactic bulge and adjacent southern disk

Accepted for publication in a forthcoming issue of Astronomy & Astrophysics. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics. © 2018 ESO.Context. The inner regions of the Galaxy are severely affected by extinction, which limits our capability to study the stellar populations present there. The Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) ESO Public Survey has observed this zone at near-infrared wavelengths where reddening is highly diminished. Aims. By exploiting the high resolution and wide field-of-view of the VVV images we aim to produce a deep, homogeneous, and highly complete database of sources that cover the innermost regions of our Galaxy. Methods. To better deal with the high crowding in the surveyed areas, we have used point spread function (PSF)-fitting techniques to obtain a new photometry of the VVV images, in the ZY JHK s near-infrared filters available. Results. Our final catalogs contain close to one billion sources, with precise photometry in up to five near-infrared filters, and they are already being used to provide an unprecedented view of the inner Galactic stellar populations. We make these catalogs publicly available to the community. Our catalogs allow us to build the VVV giga-CMD, a series of color-magnitude diagrams of the inner regions of the Milky Way presented as supplementary videos. We provide a qualitative analysis of some representative CMDs of the inner regions of the Galaxy, and briefly mention some of the studies we have developed with this new dataset so far.Peer reviewe

New VVV Survey Globular Cluster Candidates in the Milky Way Bulge

© 2017 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.It is likely that a number of Galactic globular clusters remain to be discovered, especially toward the Galactic bulge. High stellar density combined with high and differential interstellar reddening are the two major problems for finding globular clusters located toward the bulge. We use the deep near-IR photometry of the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) Survey to search for globular clusters projected toward the Galactic bulge, and hereby report the discovery of 22 new candidate globular clusters. These objects, detected as high density regions in our maps of bulge red giants, are confirmed as globular cluster candidates by their color-magnitude diagrams. We provide their coordinates as well as their near-IR color-magnitude diagrams, from which some basic parameters are derived, such as reddenings and heliocentric distances. The color-magnitude diagrams reveal well defined red giant branches in all cases, often including a prominent red clump. The new globular cluster candidates exhibit a variety of extinctions (0.06 < A Ks < 2.77) and distances (5.3 < D < 9.5 kpc). We also classify the globular cluster candidates into 10 metal-poor and 12 metal-rich clusters, based on the comparison of their color-magnitude diagrams with those of known globular clusters also observed by the VVV Survey. Finally, we argue that the census for Galactic globular clusters still remains incomplete, and that many more candidate globular clusters (particularly the low luminosity ones) await to be found and studied in detail in the central regions of the Milky Way.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Variable stars in the VVV globular clusters. II. NGC6441, NGC6569, NGC6626 (M28), NGC6656 (M22), 2MASS-GC02, and Terzan10

© ESO 2021. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140546Context. The Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) located in the inner regions of the Milky Way suffer from high extinction that makes their observation challenging. High densities of field stars in their surroundings complicate their study even more. The VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey provides a way to explore these GGCs in the near-infrared where extinction effects are highly diminished. Aims. We conduct a search for variable stars in several inner GGCs, taking advantage of the unique multi-epoch, wide-field, near-infrared photometry provided by the VVV survey. We are especially interested in detecting classical pulsators that will help us constrain the physical parameters of these GGCs. In this paper, the second of a series, we focus on NGC 6656 (M 22), NGC 6626 (M 28), NGC 6569, and NGC 6441; these four massive GGCs have known variable sources, but quite different metallicities. We also revisit 2MASS-GC 02 and Terzan 10, the two GGCs studied in the first paper of this series. Methods. We present an improved method and a new parameter that efficiently identify variable candidates in the GGCs. We also use the proper motions of those detected variable candidates and their positions in the sky and in the color-magnitude diagrams to assign membership to the GGCs. Results. We identify and parametrize in the near-infrared numerous variable sources in the studied GGCs, cataloging tens of previously undetected variable stars. We recover many known classical pulsators in these clusters, including the vast majority of their fundamental mode RR Lyrae. We use these pulsators to obtain distances and extinctions toward these objects. Recalibrated period-luminosity-metallicity relations for the RR Lyrae bring the distances to these GGCs to a closer agreement with those reported by Gaia, except for NGC 6441, which is an uncommon Oosterhoff III GGC. Recovered proper motions for these GGCs also agree with those reported by Gaia, except for 2MASS-GC 02, the most reddened GGC in our sample, where the VVV near-infrared measurements provide a more accurate determination of its proper motions.Peer reviewe

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum