The perceived needs and coping responses of adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

This thesis is concerned with the perceived needs and coping responses of a sample of adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. It is arranged in four sections, further subdivided into nine chapters. Section one contains an outline of the main aims, scope, and the significance and limitations of the study. Information about the UAE and some historical background of the society before and after federation are provided to show the rapid and comprehensive development which has been influencial: social structure, familial changes, and changes in traditional customs. The possible effects upon adolescence in the community are discussed. Section two provides a review of relevant literature. Firstly, the concept of needs, historical background of studies of needs, influences upon the development of needs hierarchies, approaches to the study adolescents' needs, universal needs of adolescence and major issues in the assessment of needs are outlined. Then, definitions, conceptual and methodological issues and theories of coping which have influenced this study are discussed. Differences in coping styles and processes used in response to specific and dispositional needs arousal are considered. The development of adolescent perceptions of needs, the significance of adolescent failure in developing coping skills and cognitive development and its effects upon the perception of needs are examined. Finally, the researcher presents a framework of needs perception and coping responses which is used in the design and the conduct of the empirical study. Section three describes the empirical work of the study. It is in three chapters. Firstly, the aims and the overall design are described. A pilot study involving qualitative and quantitative measures was undertaken in preparation for the design and use of a questionnaire involving a larger sample of adolescents. The main study which involved the construction of a questionnaire to examine adolescents' perceived needs and the coping responses. Responses from 700 young people in the UAE were analyzed to determine types and strengths of perceived needs and differences in coping responses. Some gender differences were also identified and discussed. Section four contains a summary of the main findings, conclusions and recommendations. The three most strongly perceived needs reported by these young people were: to achieve success, to be blessed by God and to feel homeostasis and away from problems; and the least strongly felt needs were: to be beautiful/handsome and to gain people's attention. Some gender differences were noted. In coping responses the findings indicated that boys tend to use denial way of coping to meet their perceived needs more than girls, who tend to use acceptance way of coping more than boys. Interestingly, the findings of this research show a considerable overlap between the perceived needs of adolescents in an Islamic culture and those of adolescents in western cultures. The findings are discussed in relation to the debate in theoretical terms between perception of human behavior as trait-orientated or process-orientated. This section concludes with a discussion of issues and questions raised in the study and with recommendations for further research

Refinery Scheme’s Mass Targeting and Bottom Section Synthesis for Heavy Oil

This work evaluates the introduction of heavy oil in a refinery as a first step. The first step will yield an increase in the production of the bottom products (vacuum residue, gas oil and diesel). It will also reduce the production of the light products (gases, LPG and naphtha) from ADU/VDU for oil with API above 20. However, we showed that if the heavy oil is below 20 API, the vacuum residue will be the only increasing product. This also reflects on the unit capital cost. The power and steam required by the refinery should also increase as crude oil becomes heavier due to the high amount of steam used in the delayed coker unit. Nevertheless, the fuel for the fire heaters does not show the expected change as compared to the model. The report goes to a further step by replacing bottom product processes with gasification and syngas routes. This step results to reduce the total production of fuel. Therefore, the fuel gasification paths MTG, DME (direct and indirect), and FT are more valuable than other gasification paths. All fuel paths showed a similar amount of fuel production, yielding extra production around 100,000 lb/hr compared to the base case. Moreover, the direct path of DME provided the lowest estimated cost compared to other fuel gasification paths. The MTG path and indirect DME path have a similar cost. The final step is to investigate two challenges related to the gasification cases: water balance and fuel demand. The investigation shows that more than 95% of used water can be recovered by recycling water (both direct and indirect recycling). Furthermore, the study shows that MTG and DME-indirect paths demand less fuel when compared to the base case

An efficient route for the synthesis of some monoazo disperse dyes derived from nicotinic acid derivatives

Ethyl 2-amino-3-cyano-4-phenylnicotinates (8), could be readily synthesized via reacting ethyl propiolate with benzylidenemalononitrile in the presence of L-proline as a catalyst and subsequent rearrangement of the so formed 2-aminopyran (7), with acetic acid in the presence of ammonium acetate. A series of 2-amino and 2-hydroxyarylazonicotinates monoazo disperse dyes (12a-c), were prepared in a good yields via condensation of arylhydrazonals (11a-c), with active methylene nitriles. The compound 9 was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Crystal data for compound 9, C15H18O6 (M = 294.29): hexagonal, space group P65 (no. 170), a = 11.3311(5) Å, c = 19.5375(10) Å, V = 2172.42(18) Å3, Z = 6, T = 296(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.879 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.350 g/mm3, 4546 reflections measured (9.02 ≤ 2Θ ≤ 132.96), 2271 unique (Rint = 0.0921) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0686 (>2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1691 (all data)

Pressure as effective green technology for synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted heteroaromatics: Synthesis of a variety of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

Pyrazole molecules are in the forefront of organic chemistry due to their various encompass substituents, which have many biological activity sequence. The biological and medicinal activities of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have received considerable interest in this regard. We reported here a comparison between reaction of 4-phenylazo-3,5-diaminopyrazole (4) with ethyl propiolate (15), dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate (20), diethyl fumarate (25) and benzylidenemalononitrile (11) in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine. We initially followed literature procedure (method A), then utilizing ultrasound irradiation (method B), microwave heating (method C) and in a Q-tube (method D). We confirmed the structure of the product by analytical spectroscopic methods. Method (D) gave a good yield with a record reaction time

Coronary Artery Bypass grafting (CABG) versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in the treatment of multivessel coronary disease

BackgroundRevascularization for patients who suffer multivessel coronary artery disease is a common procedure around the world. Taking United about 700,000 patients have multivessel coronary revascularization per year ¼ of these patients are diagnosed with diabetes. AimsTo summarize the current evidence that compare CABG to PCI in multivessel coronary disease‎ in form of ‎cardiac death, stroke, MI and unplanned devascularization.‎Methods This is a systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining randomized trials of treatment of multivessel coronary disease to summarize the major RCT concerning this topic.Results The review included five randomized studies that compare coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention. The findings showed that CABG show better result with less mortality rate.ConclusionThis review concluded that there revascularization in treating coronary artery disease could be conducted either by CABG or PCI, CABG show better result as it cause less death, MI and revascularization rates, but the usage of new additions such as second generation DES, can also improve the safety and efficacy of PCI when added to it

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Delayed Horner′s syndrome following ultrasound- guided interscalene brachial plexus block

We describe a case of Horner′s syndrome that occurred shortly after post-operative bolus administration of interscalene brachial plexus analgesia