Docència centrada en l'aprenentatge en el context de l'espai europeu d'educació superior (EEES): el cas de l'assignatura d'Estructura de la comunicació social=Student-centred learning in the European Space of Higher Education (ESHE): a case study of the course Structure of Social Communication

La Declaració de Bolonya representa a hores d'ara el compromís de quaranta-set estats europeus de reformar de manera convergent l'estructura dels seus sistemes d'educació superior. El programa de la declaració gira al voltant d'un objectiu comú: la creació d'un espai europeu d'educació superior (EEES) per a «millorar la capacitat de trobar feina i la mobilitat dels ciutadans» i fer més «competitiva» en l'àmbit internacional l'educació superior europea. Aquest article descriu l'adaptació a l'EEES de l'assignatura d'Estructura de la comunicació social (ECS) del grau de periodisme de la Facultat de Comunicació de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra. A banda del nou disseny curricular adaptat a les competències, l'objectiu principal que es perseguia era incorporar a la docència noves eines de formació i d'avaluació que atorguessin més pes al procés d'aprenentatge de coneixements dels estudiants introduint la semipresencialitat. L'article incorpora els reptes plantejats i les valoracions dels estudiants.The Bologna Declaration is a pledge by, up to now, 47 European countries to reform the structures of their higher education systems in a convergent way. The action program set up in the Declaration is based on a common goal: to create a European Space for Higher Education (ESHE) in order to “enhance the employability and mobility of citizens” and increase the international “competitiveness” of European higher education. This paper describes the adaptation to the ESHE of the course Structure of Social Communication, included in the Bachelor’s Degree in Journalism at the Faculty of Communication of Pompeu Fabra University. Besides the new curricular design based upon skills, the main aim was to add new teaching and assessment tools to the students’ learning process, while introducing blended learning. The paper also highlights the main challenges that arose from the process and the students’ assessment

Banca y medios de comunicación en la sociedad de la información: el caso de los paraísos fiscales en El País

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) tienen capacidad para aumentar la transparencia de los sistemas políticos, sociales y económicos, así como la transparencia de los medios de comuificación e interpretar, de este modo, un rol importante en los entornos democráticos. Sin embargo, este potencial no parece estar explotándose, en opinión de la autora, y el valor de las TIC se sigue midiendo en función de criterios esencialmente economicistas (rentabilidad y productividad).Este trabajo describe esta cualidad publicitadora de las TIC y el impacto que la revolución digital ha producido en dos sectores: el de los medios de comunicación y el financiero. Se trata de dos de los sectores más afectados por la revolución digital y de dos sectores con fuertes interdependencias. El artículo presenta los resultados del estudio de un caso concreto, la cobertura que el periódico El País ha realizado en los últimos 25 años de los paraísos fiscales. Su evaluación es un buen test de los déficit de transparencia que perviven en plena sociedad de la información, en ámbitos especialmente digitalizados y en escenarios clave para la salud democrática

Banca y medios de comunicación en la sociedad de la información: el caso de los paraísos fiscales en El País

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) tienen capacidad para aumentar la transparencia de los sistemas políticos, sociales y económicos, así como la transparencia de los medios de comuificación e interpretar, de este modo, un rol importante en los entornos democráticos. Sin embargo, este potencial no parece estar explotándose, en opinión de la autora, y el valor de las TIC se sigue midiendo en función de criterios esencialmente economicistas (rentabilidad y productividad).Este trabajo describe esta cualidad publicitadora de las TIC y el impacto que la revolución digital ha producido en dos sectores: el de los medios de comunicación y el financiero. Se trata de dos de los sectores más afectados por la revolución digital y de dos sectores con fuertes interdependencias. El artículo presenta los resultados del estudio de un caso concreto, la cobertura que el periódico El País ha realizado en los últimos 25 años de los paraísos fiscales. Su evaluación es un buen test de los déficit de transparencia que perviven en plena sociedad de la información, en ámbitos especialmente digitalizados y en escenarios clave para la salud democrática

Price promotions on healthier compared with less healthy foods: a hierarchical regression analysis of the impact on sales and social patterning of responses to promotions in Great Britain.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing concern, but limited evidence, that price promotions contribute to a poor diet and the social patterning of diet-related disease. OBJECTIVE: We examined the following questions: 1) Are less-healthy foods more likely to be promoted than healthier foods? 2) Are consumers more responsive to promotions on less-healthy products? 3) Are there socioeconomic differences in food purchases in response to price promotions? DESIGN: With the use of hierarchical regression, we analyzed data on purchases of 11,323 products within 135 food and beverage categories from 26,986 households in Great Britain during 2010. Major supermarkets operated the same price promotions in all branches. The number of stores that offered price promotions on each product for each week was used to measure the frequency of price promotions. We assessed the healthiness of each product by using a nutrient profiling (NP) model. RESULTS: A total of 6788 products (60%) were in healthier categories and 4535 products (40%) were in less-healthy categories. There was no significant gap in the frequency of promotion by the healthiness of products neither within nor between categories. However, after we controlled for the reference price, price discount rate, and brand-specific effects, the sales uplift arising from price promotions was larger in less-healthy than in healthier categories; a 1-SD point increase in the category mean NP score, implying the category becomes less healthy, was associated with an additional 7.7-percentage point increase in sales (from 27.3% to 35.0%; P < 0.01). The magnitude of the sales uplift from promotions was larger for higher-socioeconomic status (SES) groups than for lower ones (34.6% for the high-SES group, 28.1% for the middle-SES group, and 23.1% for the low-SES group). Finally, there was no significant SES gap in the absolute volume of purchases of less-healthy foods made on promotion. CONCLUSION: Attempts to limit promotions on less-healthy foods could improve the population diet but would be unlikely to reduce health inequalities arising from poorer diets in low-socioeconomic groups.The study was funded by the Department of Health Policy Research Programme (http://prp.dh.gov.uk/) [Policy Research Unit in Behaviour and Health (PRUN-0409-10109)].This is the final published version of the article. It was originally published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Nakamura R, Suhrcke M, Jebb SA, Pechey R, Almiron-Roig E, Marteau TM, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015, 101, 808-816, doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.094227). The final version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.09422

Eating at food outlets and leisure places and "on the go" is associated with less-healthy food choices than eating at home and in school in children: cross-sectional data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Program (2008-2014).

BACKGROUND: Where children eat has been linked to variations in diet quality, including the consumption of low-nutrient, energy-dense food, a recognized risk factor for obesity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of consumption patterns and nutritional intake by eating location in British children with the use of a nationally representative survey. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from 4636 children (80,075 eating occasions) aged 1.5-18 y from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Program (2008-2014) were analyzed. Eating locations were categorized as home, school, work, leisure places, food outlets, and "on the go." Foods were classified into core (considered important or acceptable within a healthy diet) and noncore (all other foods). Other variables included the percentage of meals eaten at home, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, income, frequency of eating out, takeaway meal consumption, alcohol consumption, and smoking. RESULTS: The main eating location across all age groups was at home (69-79% of eating occasions), with the highest energy intakes. One-third of children from the least-affluent families consumed ≤25% of meals at home. Eating more at home was associated with less sugar and takeaway food consumption. Eating occasions in leisure places, food outlets, and "on the go" combined increased with age, from 5% (1.5-3 y) to 7% (11-18 y), with higher energy intakes from noncore foods in these locations. The school environment was associated with higher intakes of core foods and reduced intakes of noncore foods in children aged 4-10 y who ate school-sourced foods. CONCLUSIONS: Home and school eating are associated with better food choices, whereas other locations are associated with poor food choices. Effective, sustained initiatives targeted at behaviors and improving access to healthy foods in leisure centers and food outlets, including food sold to eat "on the go," may improve food choices. Home remains an important target for intervention through family and nutrition education, outreach, and social marketing campaigns. This trial was registered with the ISRTCN registry (https://www.isrctn.com) as ISRCTN17261407

Factors that determine energy compensation: a systematic review of preload studies.

Insufficient energy compensation after a preload (meal, snack, or beverage) has been associated with excess energy intake, but experimental studies have used heterogeneous methodologies, making energy compensation difficult to predict. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the relative contributions of two key variables, preload physical form and intermeal interval (IMI), to differences in energy compensation. Forty-eight publications were included, from which percent energy compensation (%EC) data were extracted for 253 interventions (121 liquid, 69 semisolid, 20 solid, and 43 composite preloads). Energy compensation ranged from -370% (overconsumption, mostly of liquids) to 450% (overcompensation). A meta-regression analysis of studies reporting positive energy compensation showed that IMI (as the predominant factor) together with preload physical form and energy contributed significantly to %EC differences, accounting for 50% of the variance, independently from gender and BMI. Energy compensation was maximized when the preload was in semisolid/solid form and the IMI was 30-120 min. These results may assist in the interpretation of studies assessing the relative efficacy of interventions to enhance satiety, including functional foods and weight management products

Development and validation of a new methodological platform to measure behavioral, cognitive, and physiological responses to food interventions in real time

To fully understand the causes and mechanisms involved in overeating and obesity, measures of both cognitive and physiological determinants of eating behavior need to be integrated. Effectively synchronizing behavioral measures such as meal micro-structure (e.g., eating speed), cognitive processing of sensory stimuli, and metabolic parameters, can be complex. However, this step is central to understanding the impact of food interventions on body weight. In this paper, we provide an overview of the existing gaps in eating behavior research and describe the development and validation of a new methodological platform to address some of these issues. As part of a controlled trial, 76 men and women self-served and consumed food from a buffet, using a portion-control plate with visual stimuli for appropriate amounts of main food groups, or a conventional plate, on two different days, in a random order. In both sessions participants completed behavioral and cognitive tests using a novel methodological platform that measured gaze movement (as a proxy for visual attention), eating rate and bite size, memory for portion sizes, subjective appetite and portion-size perceptions. In a sub-sample of women, hormonal secretion in response to the meal was also measured. The novel platform showed a significant improvement in meal micro-structure measures from published data (13 vs. 33% failure rate) and high comparability between an automated gaze mapping protocol vs. manual coding for eye-tracking studies involving an eating test (ICC between methods 0.85; 90% CI 0.74, 0.92). This trial was registered at Clinical Trials.gov with Identifier NCT03610776

Development and validation of a new methodological platform to measure behavioral, cognitive, and physiological responses to food interventions in real time

To fully understand the causes and mechanisms involved in overeating and obesity, measures of both cognitive and physiological determinants of eating behavior need to be integrated. Effectively synchronizing behavioral measures such as meal micro-structure (e.g., eating speed), cognitive processing of sensory stimuli, and metabolic parameters, can be complex. However, this step is central to understanding the impact of food interventions on body weight. In this paper, we provide an overview of the existing gaps in eating behavior research and describe the development and validation of a new methodological platform to address some of these issues. As part of a controlled trial, 76 men and women self-served and consumed food from a buffet, using a portion-control plate with visual stimuli for appropriate amounts of main food groups, or a conventional plate, on two different days, in a random order. In both sessions participants completed behavioral and cognitive tests using a novel methodological platform that measured gaze movement (as a proxy for visual attention), eating rate and bite size, memory for portion sizes, subjective appetite and portion-size perceptions. In a sub-sample of women, hormonal secretion in response to the meal was also measured. The novel platform showed a significant improvement in meal micro-structure measures from published data (13 vs. 33% failure rate) and high comparability between an automated gaze mapping protocol vs. manual coding for eye-tracking studies involving an eating test (ICC between methods 0.85; 90% CI 0.74, 0.92). This trial was registered at Clinical Trials.gov with Identifier NCT03610776. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13428-021-01745-9