Design And Fabrication Of Two-dimensional Hexagonal Photonic Crystals With A Linear Waveguide In Erbium Doped Geo2-bi2o 3-pbo-tio2 Glasses

In this work, we designed and recorded two-dimensional Hexagonal Photonic Crystals (2D-HPC) layers, with a linear waveguide, in erbium doped GeO 2-Bi2O3-PbO-TiO2 glassy films, by combining the techniques of holographic recording and femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining. The 2D-HPC is recorded holographically in a photoresist film coated on a glass substrate by exposing the sample to the same interference pattern twice and rotating the sample of 60° between the exposures. After the development a two dimensional hexagonal array of photoresist columns remain on the glass substrate. The recording of the waveguide is made by a fs laser micromachining system focused at sample surface. The laser spot produces the ablation of the photoresist columns generating a defect line in the periodic hexagonal array. After the recording of the photoresist template, the erbium doped GeO2-Bi2O3-PbO-TiO2 film is evaporated on the photoresist and finally the photoresist template is removed using acetone. The design of the geometrical parameters of the 2D-HPC is performed by calculation of the dispersion mode curves of the photonic crystal using a 2D finite element method. The proper geometrical parameters depend on both the refractive index of the glass film and thickness. Such parameters as well as the period of the 2D-HPC have been defined in order to obtain a photonic band gap in the region of erbium luminescence band. In such condition the erbium luminescence will propagate only through the waveguide. © 2013 SPIE.8776The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)Notomi, M., Shinya, A., Kuramochi, E., Photonic crystals: Towards ultrasmall lightwave circuits (2004) NTTTech. Rev., 2, pp. 36-47Chow, E., Lin, S.Y., Jonhson, S.G., Villeneuve, P.R., Joannopoulos, J.D., Wendt, J.R., Vawter, G.A., Alleman, A., Three-dimensional control of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab (2000) Nature, 407, pp. 983-986Sharp, D.N., Campbell, M., Dedman, E.R., Harrison, M.T., Denning, R.G., Turberfield, A.J., Photoniccrystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography (2002) Opt. Quantum Electron, 34, pp. 3-12Carlsson, N., Ikeda, N., Sugimoto, Y., Asakawa, K., Takemori, T., Katayama, Y., Kawai, N., Inoue, K., Design, nano-fabication and analysis of near-infrared 2D photonic crystal air-bridge structures (2002) Opt. Quantum Electron, 34, pp. 123-131Joannopoulos, J.D., Meade, R.D., Winn, J.N., (1995) Photonic Crystals, , Princeton University PressVilleneuve, P.R., Piché, M., Photonic band gaps in two-dimensional square and hexagonal lattices (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, pp. 4969-4972Cheng, C.C., Scherer, A., Fabrication of photonic band-gap crystals (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, pp. 2696-2700Lai, N.D., Liang, W.P., Lin, J.H., Hsu, C.C., Lin, C.H., Fabrication of two-and three-dimensional periodic structures by multi-exposure of two-beam interference technique (2005) Opt. Express, 13, pp. 9605-9611. , 11O'Brien, J., Kuang, W., Photonic crystal lasers, cavities, and waveguides (2005) Enc. Mod. Optics, 2005, pp. 146-155Gattass, R.R., Mazur, E., Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials (2008) Nat. Photonics, 2 (4), pp. 219-22

Pigmented Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma: Clinical, Histological, And Immunohistochemical Profile

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a slow-growing, expansive, benign odontogenic tumor, composed of ameloblastic epithelium embedded in an ectomesenchymal stroma resembling dental papilla, containing hard dental tissue in variable degrees of maturation, including enamel, dentin, and sometimes cementum. AFO typically affects the posterior mandible, causing bony expansion. We report a case of pigmented AFO in a 5-year-old boy, comprising clinical and histological features illustrated by immunohistochemistry using a large panel of antibodies, polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.2315260De Riu, G., Meloni, S.M., Contini, M., Tullio, A., Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: Case report and review of the literature (2010) J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 38, pp. 141-144Buchner, A., Kaffe, I., Vered, M., Clinical and radiological profile of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: An update on an uncommon odontogenic tumor based on a critical analysis of 114 cases (2013) Head Neck Pathol, 7, pp. 54-63Manor, E., Kan, E., Bodner, L., Ameloblastic fibroodontoma of the mandible with normal karyotype in a pediatric patient (2012) Case Rep Dent, 2012, p. 969687Boxberger, N.R., Brannon, R.B., Fowler, C.B., Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: A clinicopathologic study of 12 cases (2011) J Clin Pediatr Dent, 35, pp. 397-403Chen, Y., Li, T.J., Gao, Y., Yu, S.F., Ameloblastic fibroma and related lesions: A clinicopathologic study with reference to their nature and interrelationship (2005) J Oral Pathol Med, 34, pp. 588-595Kumar, P.P., Sridhar, B.S., Thangaswamy, V., Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in a 5-year-old girl (2011) JIADS, 1, pp. 57-59Cohen, D.M., Bhattacharyya, I., Ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, and odontoma (2004) Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am, 16, pp. 375-384Slootweg, P.J., An analysis of the interrelationship of the mixed odontogenic tumors: Ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, and the odontomas (1981) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 51, pp. 266-276Kulkarni, R.S., Sarkar, A., Goyal, S., Recurrent ameloblastic fibroma: Report of a rare case (2013) Case Rep Dent, 2013, p. 565721Barnes, L., Eveson, J.W., Reihcart, P., Sidransky, D., (2005) WHO International Histological Classification of Tumours, 9. , Lyon, France:IARC PressOtero, D., Lourenc¸o, S.Q., Ruiz-Ávila, I., Expression of proliferative markers in ameloblastomas and malignant odontogenic tumors (2013) Oral Dis, 19, pp. 360-365Kumamoto, H., Yoshida, M., Ooya, K., Immunohistochemical detection of amelogenin and cytokeratin 19 in epithelial odontogenic tumors (2001) Oral Dis, 7, pp. 171-176Domingues, M.G., Jaeger, M.M., Araújo, V.C., Araújo, N.S., Expression of cytokeratins in human enamel organ (2000) Eur J Oral Sci, 108, pp. 43-47Bologna-Molina, R., Salazar-Rodríguez, S., Bedoya-Borella, A.M., Carreón-Burciaga, R.G., Tapia-Repetto, G., Molina-Frechero, N., A histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (2013) Case Rep Pathol, 2013, p. 604560Chen, J., Lan, Y., Baek, J.A., Gao, Y., Jiang, R., Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays an essential role in activation of odontogenic mesenchyme during early tooth development (2009) Dev Biol, 334, pp. 174-185Siriwardena, B.S., Kudo, Y., Ogawa, I., Tilakaratne, W.M., Takata, T., Aberrant beta-catenin expression and adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation in ameloblastoma and odontogenic carcinoma (2009) Oral Oncol, 45, pp. 103-108Sekine, S., Sato, S., Takata, T., Beta-catenin mutations are frequent in calcifying odontogenic cysts, but rare in ameloblastomas (2003) Am J Pathol, 163, pp. 1707-1712Di Como, C.J., Urist, M.J., Babayan, I., p63 Expression profiles in human normal and tumor tissues (2002) Clin Cancer Res, 8, pp. 494-501Lo Muzio, L., Santarelli, A., Caltabiano, R., p63 Expression correlates with pathological features and biological behaviour of odontogenic tumours (2006) Histopathology, 49, pp. 211-214Alves Pereira, K.M., Do Amaral, B.A., Dos Santos, B.R., Galvão, H.C., Freitas Rde, A., De Souza, L.B., Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in ameloblastomas and tooth germs (2010) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 109, pp. 425-431Bologna-Molina, R., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., Lopez-Corella, E., Comparative expression of syndecan-1 and Ki-67 in peripheral and desmoplastic ameloblastomas and ameloblastic carcinoma (2009) Pathol Int, 59, pp. 229-233Szatmári, T., Dobra, K., The role of syndecan-1 in cellular signaling and its effects on heparan sulfate biosynthesis in mesenchymal tumors (2013) Front Oncol, 3, p. 310Vainio, S., Jalkanen, M., Vaahtokari, A., Expression of syndecan gene is induced early, is transient, and correlates with changes in mesenchymal cell proliferation during tooth organogenesis (1991) Dev Biol, 147, pp. 322-333Al-Otaibi, O., Khounganian, R., Anil, S., Rajendran, R., Syndecan-1 (CD 138) surface expression marks cell type and differentiation in ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and dentigerous cyst (2013) J Oral Pathol Med, 42, pp. 186-193Bello, I.O., Alanen, K., Slootweg, P.J., Salo, T., Alpha-smooth muscle actin within epithelial islands is predictive of ameloblastic carcinoma (2009) Oral Oncol, 45, pp. 760-765Vered, M., Shohat, I., Buchner, A., Dayan, D., Myofibroblasts in stroma of odontogenic cysts and tumors can contribute to variations in the biological behavior of lesions (2005) Oral Oncol, 41, pp. 1028-1033Das Chagas, E., Silva De Carvalho, L.F., Farina, V.H., Cabral, L.A., Brandão, A.A., Coletta, R.D., Almeida, J.D., Immunohistochemical features of multifocal melanoacanthoma in the hard palate: A case report (2013) BMC Res Notes, 6, p. 30Takeda, Y., Sato, H., Satoh, M., Nakamura, S., Yamamoto, H., Pigmented ameloblastic fibrodentinoma: A novel melanin-pigmented intraosseous odontogenic lesion (2000) Virchows Arch, 437, pp. 454-458Han, P.P., Nagatsuka, H., Siar, C.H., A pigmented calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with compound odontoma: A case report and review of literature (2007) Head Face Med, 3, p. 35Silva, A.R., Alves, F.A., Berger, S.B., Giannini, M., Goes, M.F., Lopes, M.A., Radiation-related caries and early restoration failure in head and neck cancer patients: A polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study (2010) Support Care Cancer, 18, pp. 83-87Shetty, D.C., Urs, A.B., Ahuja, P., Sahu, A., Manchanda, A., Sirohi, Y., Mineralized components and their interpretation in the histogenesis of peripheral ossifying fibroma (2011) Indian J Dent Res, 22, pp. 56-61Rumayor Piña, A., MartínezMartínez, M., ToralRizo, V.H., Ajudarte Lopes, M., Paes De Almeida, O., Cutaneous amalgam tattoo in a dental professional: An unreported occupational argyria (2012) Br J Dermatol, 167, pp. 1184-118

Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino médio: avaliação de documento National curriculum directives for secondary education: an evaluation of the document

Este texto pretende oferecer algumas contribuições para o debate sobre as mudanças propostas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais elaboradas para a reforma do ensino médio no Brasil. Na primeira parte, avalia-se o cenário político e econômico, como contexto gerador da última etapa de reformas no âmbito da educação, nos anos 90. Pretende-se questionar a opção por um modelo de reforma de estrutura (no caso brasileiro mais restrita ao Programa de Reforma da Educação Profissionalizante - PROEP) e de currículo, cujos temas encontram justificativa no contexto econômico, social, cultural e político contemporâneo. Discute-se a utilização de um "modelo" que toma por base experiências desenvolvidas em outros países, e por referência teórico-metodológica as orientações internacionais de organismos multilaterais, desconsiderando as peculiaridades e injunções do sistema administrativo-político brasileiro, medida política essa que pode aumentar a tensão e a distância normalmente existentes entre programas de governo e a possibilidade de sua concretude na rede escolar. Na segunda parte, discute-se a Resolução do Conselho Nacional de Educação, da Câmara de Educação Básica, n. 3, de 16.6.98, que institui as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o ensino médio, bem como as Bases Legais - Parte I - dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio. A análise do discurso oficial toma como referência metodológica a proposição de Bardin (1977, p. 209) para os modelos de análise estrutural, procurando-se relevar os valores implícitos e as conotações dos textos legais<br>This text offers some contributions to the debate on the changes proposed to the National Curricular Directives to reform secondary education in Brazil. In the first part, the political and economic scene is evaluated as the context which generated the last stage of reforms in the educational field in the 90s. It questions the option for a model of structural reform (in the Brazilian case more restricted to the Program for Reform of Professional Education - PROEP) and of the curriculum, whose themes find their justification in the contemporary economic, social cultural and political context. It discusses the use of a "model" that bases itself on experiences developed in other countries and takes the international orientation of the multilateral organizations as its theoretical methodological reference, leaving out the peculiarities and injunctions of the Brazilian political administrative system. Such a policy measure can increase the tension and distance normally existing between government programs and the possibility of their real implementation in the school network. In the second part, it discusses the Resolution of the National Education Council, the Congress on Basic Education, no.3, of 16.698 that instituted the National Curricular Directives for secondary education, as well as the Legal Bases - Part I - of the National Curricular Parameters for secondary education. The analysis of official discourse takes Bardin's (1977, p. 209) proposals as its methodological reference for the models of structural analysis, seeking to make the implicit values and the connotations of the legal texts explici

A passagem pelo sistema de ensino em três gerações: classe e gênero na segmentação do sistema de ensino The passage of three generations through the schooling system: class and gender in the segmentation of the schooling system

Este artigo analisa os investimentos educativos diferenciados, realizados por três gerações de famílias inseridas em um grupo socialmente privilegiado. A análise centra-se na discussão de como, de uma geração a outra, a passagem pelo sistema de ensino esteve na base dos processos de diferenciação social entre os indivíduos. O material empírico trabalhado foi obtido no quadro de uma pesquisa de doutorado, na qual identifiquei a escola de nível secundário e as trajetórias sócio-profissionais de oitenta e duas mulheres, ex-alunas de três escolas católicas de São Paulo. Discute se modificações estruturais, de longa duração, tais como a expansão do acesso ao ensino, o investimento crescente das meninas nos caminhos da escolarização e a conotação sexual dos percursos escolares. Por meio da comparação sistemática da passagem pelo sistema de ensino e de ingresso no ensino superior é possível verificar a maneira pela qual a ordem social foi transposta para o universo escolar definindo os horizontes possíveis para cada um.<br>This paper analyses the different educational investments made by three generations of families included in a socially privileged group. It discusses how, from one generation to the other, passing through the education system was the basis of the social differentiation processes among individuals. The empirical material studied was obtained as part of a doctoral research, which identified the secondary school level and socio-professional trajectories of eighty-two women who had studied in three Catholic schools. It focuses on the structural long-duration changes, such as the expanding access to education, the increased investment in girls' schooling paths and the survival of the sexual connotation of school courses. By systematically comparing the passage through the education system and the enrollment in higher education, it shows how the social order was transferred into the school environment and how it defines the possible horizons for each person