Linezolid Resistance in Brazilian Staphylococcus hominis Strains Is Associated with L3 and 23S rRNA Ribosomal Mutations

Univ São Paulo, Sch Pharm, Dept Clin Anal, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilHosp Beneficencia Portuguesa, Lab Clin Microbiol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Lab Alerta, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Lab Alerta, São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Preparação e caracterização do complexo de inclusão do óleo essencial de Croton zehntneri com β-ciclodextrina

Croton zehntneri, a plant native to northeastern Brazil, is widely used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal problems and has rich essential oil content. The essential oil of C. Zehntneri was analyzed by GC-MS, and its inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was characterized by both vibrational spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Estragol was the major component identified in the essential oil by the study. IR spectra indicated an interaction of β-CD with essential oil from C. zehntneri, a finding corroborated by the stability constant and scanning calorimetry. Microencapsulation within β-CD has the potential to mask sensory attributes and increase aqueous solubility of oils, thereby improving their applicability as drugs

Gas Accretion and Star Formation Rates

Cosmological numerical simulations of galaxy evolution show that accretion of metal-poor gas from the cosmic web drives the star formation in galaxy disks. Unfortunately, the observational support for this theoretical prediction is still indirect, and modeling and analysis are required to identify hints as actual signs of star-formation feeding from metal-poor gas accretion. Thus, a meticulous interpretation of the observations is crucial, and this observational review begins with a simple theoretical description of the physical process and the key ingredients it involves, including the properties of the accreted gas and of the star-formation that it induces. A number of observations pointing out the connection between metal-poor gas accretion and star-formation are analyzed, specifically, the short gas consumption time-scale compared to the age of the stellar populations, the fundamental metallicity relationship, the relationship between disk morphology and gas metallicity, the existence of metallicity drops in starbursts of star-forming galaxies, the so-called G dwarf problem, the existence of a minimum metallicity for the star-forming gas in the local universe, the origin of the alpha-enhanced gas forming stars in the local universe, the metallicity of the quiescent BCDs, and the direct measurements of gas accretion onto galaxies. A final section discusses intrinsic difficulties to obtain direct observational evidence, and points out alternative observational pathways to further consolidate the current ideas.Comment: Invited review to appear in Gas Accretion onto Galaxies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, eds. A. J. Fox & R. Dav\'e, to be published by Springe

Velhas tardes de domingo (Notas sobre Domingão do Faustão e Programa Silvio Santos)

Nas tardes de domingo,as duas maiores redes de televisão brasileiras apresentam programas de auditório: a Rede Globo de Televisão transmite Domingão do Faustão e o Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão veicula o Programa Silvio Santos. Este estudo traça um breve histórico desses dois programas, descreve rapidamente suas estruturas, e, a partir daí, delineia hipóteses sobre possíveis funções desses produtos televisivos junto aos espectadores.

The process of building up regional health management in the State of São Paulo: subsidies for analysis

Este artigo apresenta os resultados gerais da pesquisa sobre o processo de construção da gestão regional no estado de São Paulo, durante a discussão do COAP/redes de atenção, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios para a compreensão deste processo de pactuação regional da saúde, com enfoque nas regiões de saúde de Bauru, Baixada Santista, Grande ABC e Vale do Ribeira, no estado de São Paulo. Além dos resultados apresentados sobre as regiões de saúde estudadas, a metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento da construção dos perfis das regiões constitui em si uma proposta metodológica de análise de perfis regionais de saúde. A primeira parte do artigo apresenta a metodologia geral adotada para a análise das regiões de saúde; a segunda, abrange os resultados e a discussão da pesquisa, organizados em dois itens. O primeiro destes itens refere-se à análise dos perfis das cinco regiões de saúde pesquisadas no Estado. O segundo, analisa os principais aspectos do processo de pactuação regional da saúde em São Paulo, destacando potencialidades e limites, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com gestores municipais e apoiadores do Conselho de Secretários Municipais de Saúde de São Paulo dessas regiões.This article presents the main results of the survey on the regional management building process in the State of São Paulo, during the discussion of the COAP / Care Networks, in order to provide a basis for understanding this process of regional health pact, focusing on the metropolitan areas of Bauru, Santos, Grande ABC and the Ribeira Valley. In addition to the results presented on the health regions studied, the methodology used in the development of the construction of profiles of the regions is itself a proposal for a methodology of analyzing regional health profiles. The first section presents the general methodology for analyzing health regions. The second part covers the results and discussion of the research, organized into two items. The first refers to the analysis of the profiles of the five São Paulo health regions surveyed. The second item analyzes the main aspects of the process of regional health pact in São Paulo, highlighting strengths and limitations, based on interviews with municipal managers and supporters of the Council of Municipal Health Secretaries of São Paulo in these regions

Ageing exacerbates damage of systemic and salivary neutrophils from patients presenting Candida-related denture stomatitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ageing leads to a decline in the function of the immune system, increasing the body's susceptibility to infections through the impairment of T-cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells Denture stomatitis is a primary oral disease affecting elderly denture wearers. The major etiologic factor involved in this pathology is the infection by <it>Candida albicans</it>, an opportunistic pathogen that causes local and disseminated diseases in immunosuppressed humans. Neutrophils play a critical role in the immune response against <it>C. albicans </it>and are continually present in the salivary fluid and in the blood. The aim of this study was to determine ageing-related changes in salivary and blood neutrophils and their potential implications in <it>Candida</it>-related denture stomatitis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results showed a lower number of neutrophils in the saliva from patients presenting <it>Candida</it>-related denture stomatitis in comparison to their matched controls. Furthermore, fewer neutrophils were isolated from the saliva of aged control individuals in comparison to matched younger subjects. CXCR1, CD62L and CD11b expression were significantly greater on systemic neutrophils from younger control individuals. Elderly individuals showed more apoptotic salivary neutrophils and lower GM-CSF levels than younger ones, regardless of the occurrence of <it>Candida </it>infection. On the other hand, CXCL-8 concentrations were higher in the saliva from elderly individuals. Besides, TNF-α was detected at elevated levels in the saliva from infected elderly subjects. Salivary neutrophils from elderly and young patients presented impaired phagocytic activity against <it>C. albicans</it>. However, just systemic neutrophils from elderly showed decreased phagocytosis when compared to the younger ones, regardless of the occurrence of infection. In addition, neutrophils from aged individuals and young patients presented low fungicidal activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The data suggests that the <it>Candida </it>related-denture stomatitis is associated to neutrophils function deficiency, and ageing drastically appears to alter important characteristics of such cells, facilitating the establishment of this infection.</p

Global landscape review of serotype-specific invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance among countries using PCV10/13: The pneumococcal serotype replacement and distribution estimation (PSERENADE) project

Serotype-specific surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is essential for assessing the impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10/13). The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project aimed to evaluate the global evidence to estimate the impact of PCV10/13 by age, product, schedule, and syndrome. Here we systematically characterize and summarize the global landscape of routine serotype-specific IPD surveillance in PCV10/13-using countries and describe the subset that are included in PSERENADE. Of 138 countries using PCV10/13 as of 2018, we identified 109 with IPD surveillance systems, 76 of which met PSERENADE data collection eligibility criteria. PSERENADE received data from most (n = 63, 82.9%), yielding 240,639 post-PCV10/13 introduction IPD cases. Pediatric and adult surveillance was represented from all geographic regions but was limited from lower income and high-burden countries. In PSERENADE, 18 sites evaluated PCV10, 42 PCV13, and 17 both; 17 sites used a 3 + 0 schedule, 38 used 2 + 1, 13 used 3 + 1, and 9 used mixed schedules. With such a sizeable and generally representative dataset, PSERENADE will be able to conduct robust analyses to estimate PCV impact and inform policy at national and global levels regarding adult immunization, schedule, and product choice, including for higher valency PCVs on the horizon