Pengaruh Lengkung Senyum Pada Estetis Senyum

Background: One of the patient's goals in seeking orthodontic treatment is to fix a smile to make it look more aesthetic. Aesthetic smile can be achieved if there is a harmonious relationship between the face and the components of the smile, one of them is a smile arc. Aesthetic standards are subjectively related to a person's perception, and can be influenced by age, gender, background of knowledge and experience, so they can vary from person to person. Aim: this study is to examine the influence of smile arc on smile aesthetic. Results: From this literature, it was found that the smile arc that were considered the most aesthetic based on gender, and background of knowledge were parallel smile arc, while the unaesthetic smile arc were straight and inverted smile arc. Conclusion: A person with a dental background is judged to be more critical in assessing the aesthetic smile arc compared to layperson, and gender does not affect the perception of aesthetic smile arc because the perception of aesthetic smile arc tends to be the same between men and women

Severity of Depression, Anxious Distress and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Swedish Population-Based Cohort.

Background: Depression is known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This population-based cohort study aimed to determine the association between depression of varying severity and risk for CVD and to study the effect of concomitant anxious distress on this association. Methods: We utilized data from a longitudinal cohort study of mental health, work and relations among adults (20–64 years), with a total of 10,443 individuals. Depression and anxious distress were assessed using psychiatric rating scales and defined according to DSM-5. Outcomes were register-based and self-reported cardiovascular diseases. Findings: Overall increased odds ratios of 1.5 to 2.6 were seen for the different severity levels of depression, with the highest adjusted OR for moderate depression (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.3, 3.5). Similar odds ratios were seen for sub-groups of CVD: ischemic/hypertensive heart disease and stroke, 2.4 (95% CI 1.4, 3.9) and OR 2.1 (95%CI 1.2, 3.8) respectively. Depression with anxious distress as a specifier of severity showed OR of 2.1 (95% CI 1.5, 2.9) for CVD. Conclusion: This study found that severity level of depression seems to be of significance for increased risk of CVD among depressed persons, although not in a dose-response manner which might be obscured due to treatment of depression. Further, we found a higher risk of CVD among depressed individuals with symptoms of anxious distress

Analysis of product efficiency in the Korean automobile market from a consumer’s perspective

DEA, Product efficiency, Consumers utility, Automobile market, South Korea, C14, C25, D13, D61, L92,