Asthma Control Impact on the Quality of Life and Parent's Educational Degree Effect on Asthma Control among Pediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh City

Asthma is Common, Chronic, and Serious respiratory disease which affect all age groups, especially children, Asthma according to GINA 2016 now days affecting 1-18 % of the population of many different countries around the world. (1) in 2013 a study has been conducted in Saudi Arabia, findings showed that those diagnosed with asthma in KSA do not have good control over their condition; incidence of asthma attacks and referral to hospitals for asthma management were considerably high. (2) The objective of this study is to be able to describe in detail the level of Asthma control among participant and to find the correlation between the control level of the disease and the impact on the pediatric asthmatic patients' quality of life, Also, as a secondary objective we were looking for any correlations with the control of asthma with the parents' education degree. This study was carried out from 5 October 2017 until 3 November 2017, cross-sectional study with a questionnaire which was disturbed. A total 559 child who was diagnosed by asthma were included in the study, For the asthma control test (see figure 1), we found the majority had uncontrolled asthma (45.1%), Most of the children scored 'Never' in Quality of Life Questionnaire when asked in nearly all twelve aspects of the child life. Our results suggest that uncontrolled asthma associated with low quality of life, we did not find any association between asthma control level and Educational degree of the parents. Keywords: Asthma, Asthma control, prevalence of asthma, Saudi arabia, chronic airway diseas

Foot Function Index for Arabic-speaking patients (FFI-Ar) : translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation study

Background: Foot Function Index (FFI) is a valid and reliable outcome measure, which is widely used to measure the foot and ankle functional level and disorders. Until now, no validated Arabic version of the FFI is available. This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this project was to translate and adapt the FFI into Arabic and to evaluate its psychometric properties of validity and reliability. Methods: The study consisted of two phases. The first phase was the translation and cultural adaptation of the FFI to Arabic. The next phase involved, testing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FFI on a sample of 50 consecutive participants which included internal consistency, test–retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects and construct validity. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38 ± 12.94 years. Both the genders were evenly enrolled with 50% of the participants as male and 50% as female. Majority of them complained of plantar fasciopathy (32%) followed by pes planus (22%) and ankle sprain (18%). The scores of FFI-Ar were normally distributed, confirmed by a significant Shapiro–Wilk test. The mean value of FFI-Ar total score was 47.73 ± 19.85. There were no floor or ceiling effects seen in any of the subscales and total score. The internal consistency was good with the Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.882, 0.936 and 0.850 for the pain, disability and activity limitation subscales, respectively. The reproducibility of the FFI-Ar was analysed by intra-class correlation coefficient which revealed good to excellent test–retest reliability. A significant correlation was found between FFI-Ar and SF-36 and numeric rating scale (NRS) confirming its construct validity. Conclusion: The FFI-Arabic version showed good validity and reliability in patients with foot and ankle problems. This tool can be used in usual practice and research for analysing foot and ankle disorders in Arabic-speaking people

Hole diffusion effect on the minority trap detection and non-ideal behavior of NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction

A NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction was fabricated by sputtering a highly p-doped NiO layer onto β-Ga2O3. This heterojunction showed a low leakage current and a high turn-on voltage (Von) compared to a Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode. The extracted Von from the NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction's forward current-voltage characteristics was ∼1.64 V, which was lower than the extracted built-in potential voltage (Vbi) obtained from the capacitance-voltage curve. To explain this difference, deep level transient spectroscopy and Laplace-deep level transient spectroscopy were employed to study majority and minority traps in β-Ga2O3 films. A minority trap was detected near the surface of β-Ga2O3 under a reverse bias of −1 V but was not observed at −4 V, indicating its dependence on hole injection density. Using Silvaco TCAD, the hole diffusion length from P+-NiO to β-Ga2O3 was determined to be 0.15 μm in equilibrium, which is increased with increasing forward voltage. This finding explained why the trap level was not detected at a large reverse bias. Moreover, hole diffusion from NiO into β-Ga2O3 significantly affected the β-Ga2O3 surface band bending and impacted transport mechanisms. It was noted that the energy difference between the conduction band minimum (CBM) of β-Ga2O3 and the valence band maximum (VBM) of NiO was reduced to 1.60 eV, which closely matched the extracted Von value. This supported the dominance of direct band-to-band tunneling of electrons from the CBM of β-Ga2O3 to the VBM of NiO under forward bias voltage

Fracture Classification Associated with the Orthopaedic Trauma

This study aimed at exploring the fracture classification associated with the orthopaedic trauma as the provision of care associated with orthopedic trauma shares an important goal, which is to restore and preserve function. A focused assessment that embodies subjective and objective data will assist the healthcare professional to determine a patient’s needs and deliver the most appropriate level of care. Learning to collect data about factors associated with an orthopedic injury is an integral part of providing care for individuals who have sustained an orthopedic trauma. Fracture classification is the categorization of a fracture. It is used for documentation and research and gives surgeons and patients information about treatment options and prognosis. The process of obtaining this documentation is the process of diagnosis

Sleep disorders and its effect on community

The main aim of this paper is to analysis the effect of sleep disorders on the community. This study is quantitative. The questionnaire was designed and distributed among the student in school in the city of Riyadh high and intermediate school. The sample of this study consist 100 students. The researcher visited a school in the city of Riyadh high and intermediate school sections and that on December 10 to 11 to measure the impact of sleep disorders through a questionnaire that measures the effects of lack of sleep and then make them aware of the benefits of sleep and harm of lack of sleep from the physical and psychological effects, and it gave a lecture educate the students and then distribute them brochure contain the benefits and harmful effects of sleep. SPSS 21 was used to analysis that data. The results of the study indicated that lack of sleep limits a person's ability to think and solve the problem effectively, which means that people who wake up for a long time influence them to learn at an effective level. Lack of sleep affects the ability of thinking and can limit your ability to accurately interpret events, which can be difficult to respond correctly to situations in which effective decision-making is intelligent. The lack of sleep, even for one night can lead to swelling of the eyes and turn the skin into pale skin. Keywords: Sleep disorders, community

Characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionLittle work has been done on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Saudi Arabia. Our goal is to report the characteristics of OHCA patients and predictors of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA), a governmental emergency medical service (EMS). A standardized data collection form based on the “Utstein-style” guidelines was developed. Data were retrieved from the electronic patient care reports that SRCA providers fill out for every case. OHCA cases that were attended by SRCA in Riyadh province between June 1st, 2020 and May 31st, 2021 were included. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess independent predictors of bystander CPR.ResultsA total of 1,023 OHCA cases were included. The mean age was 57.2 (±22.6). 95.7% (979/1,023) of cases were adults and 65.2% (667/1,023) were males. Home was the most common location of OHCA [784/1,011 (77.5%)]. The initial recorded rhythm was shockable in 131/742 (17.7%). The EMS mean response time was 15.9 min (±11.1). Bystander CPR was performed in 130/1,023 (12.7%) and was more commonly performed in children as compared to adults [12/44 (27.3%) vs. 118/979 (12.1%), p = 0.003]. Independent predictors of bystander CPR were being a child (OR = 3.26, 95% CI [1.21–8.82], p = 0.02) and having OHCA in a healthcare institution (OR = 6.35, 95% CI [2.15–18.72], p = 0.001).ConclusionOur study reported the characteristics of OHCA cases in Saudi Arabia using EMS data. We observed young age at presentation, low rates of bystander CPR, and long response time. These characteristics are distinctly different from other countries and call for urgent attention to OHCA care in Saudi Arabia. Lastly, being a child and having OHCA in a healthcare institution were found to be independent predictors of bystander CPR

Influence of premolar extraction or non-extraction orthodontic therapy on the angular changes of mandibular third molars

Abstract Aim: To compare the angular changes of the third molars relative to the occlusal planeand to the second molar long axis in extraction group and compare these changes with a non extractiongroup.Materials and methods: The study included pre and post treatment panoramic radiographrecords of 90 subjects treated by first premolar extractions and 90 subjects who had been treatedwith non extraction orthodontic therapy (n=90). Two angular variables were measured. Firstly,the angle between the long axis of the third molar and the occlusal plane (M3–OP) and secondly,the angle between the long axis of the third molar and the long axis of the second molar (M3–M2).Data were analyzed by paired and student’s t-test.Result: The analyzed data to assess the changes in the third molar angulation from pretreatmentto post treatment did not vary significantly in both the groups (pdecreased angular values. The M3–OP angular difference was (7.3± 2.45) in extraction group ascompared to (5.85 ± 1.77) in non extraction group. The M3–M2 angular difference of (4.26±3.11) in extraction group and (2.98 ±1.74) in non-extraction group was observedConclusion: Extraction of premolars did not demonstrate considerable changes on the angulationof the third molars. The factors other than premolar extractions may influence the angulationof the third molars.</p

Survival Rate of Patients with Cardiothoracic Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents, and their Relationship with ISS, GCS and blood transfusions.

Severe thoracic trauma is one of the major causes of injury-related mortality. In the United States, thoracic trauma results in one-fourth of all trauma deaths. Globally, cardiothoracic trauma is also a major contributor to mortality. The most common cardiothoracic injuries include rib fractures, thoracic vertebral fractures, haemothorax, pneumothorax, flail chest, and lung contusions. The purpose of the present study was to determine the survival rate of patients with cardiovascular injuries in road traffic accidents and its relationship with ISS, GCS and blood transfusions at King Khalid Hospital. This study is a useful addition to the literature, as research in this topic is lacking. A total of 189 patients were transported to the hospital with cardiothoracic injuries during the study period. Data was gathered regarding age, gender, nationality, vehicle user type, anatomical region injured, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), blood transfusion, treatment and mortality rate. The neurological status was assessed using the GCS score. Injury Severity Scores were calculated to categorize the injury severity. The mean patient age was 31.81 years, with a peak age of between 21–30 years. Males predominated (93.7%) with a male to female ratio of 15:1. Most of the patients were Saudi nationals (61.3%). Overall mortality was 7.9%. Factors that were significantly associated with mortality were head and neck involvement, ICU admission, age (above 60), treatment delivered, and blood transfusions. Cardiothoracic trauma is associated with a high mortality rate, which may depend on the clinical presentation such as GCS, ISS, degree of shock, pattern of injuries, and associated injuries. Immediate management is vital for patients with life-threatening cardiothoracic trauma, as mortality is high if the diagnosis is missed, wrong or left untreated

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Primary Care: Overview on Diagnosis and Management

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating condition marked by the presence of intrusive obsessions and repetitive compulsions. The primary care setting often serves as the first line of contact for individuals grappling with mental health issues, making it a crucial frontier in the early detection and management of OCD. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of OCD in such settings is essential for effective management. Objective: This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic process for OCD, emphasizing the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and various diagnostic tools available. Additionally, it explores current strategies for managing OCD, including pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Methodology: For this review, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Keywords such as "Diagnosis," "obsessive compulsive disorder," and "management" were employed to narrow down relevant studies. Both qualitative and quantitative research papers were included, while non-English publications and those lacking peer-review were excluded. Results: Core symptoms of OCD include obsessions and compulsions, with the Y-BOCS being a standard measure for diagnosis. Differential diagnosis is essential to distinguish OCD from other conditions. SSRIs have been recognized as first-line pharmacological treatments. CBT, particularly Exposure and Response Prevention, remains a potent psychotherapeutic intervention. Emerging treatments like DBS and TMS offer hope for those unresponsive to conventional treatments. Combination therapies have shown enhanced efficacy in certain cases. Conclusion: The meticulous diagnosis of OCD requires recognizing its core symptoms, ruling out other conditions, and leveraging validated clinical tools. A multi-faceted management approach combining pharmacological and psychological treatments ensures optimal patient outcomes, with ongoing research introducing promising new interventions

The Influence Of Point Defects And Dislocation On AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet LEDs

AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LEDs with high Al composition are promising for many applications, including air- or water-purification, fluorescence sensing, etc. However, to realize their full potential, it is important to understand the impact of the point defects on the device performance. Here, we investigate the defects in the 265 nm AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LEDs after degradation systematically with a combination of different analytical technologies. The results show that point defects increase after the degradation. The generated defects during the stress lead to a carrier redistribution in the active region and the induced point defects during the degradation are located within the multi-quantum wells (MQWs) region, especially in the first quantum well near the p side of the LED chip. The dislocation lines in the MQWs region were also observed after the degradation, which can lead to the Mg diffusion along the dislocation line. These findings are important to understand the defects in AlGaN quantum wells and further improve AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LEDs’ performance