Growth response of maize plants (Zea mays L.) to wheat and lentil pre-cropping and to indigenous mycorrhizae in field soil

The presence of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi may have significant effects on the growth and on the root morphology of plants, under arid and semi arid soil conditions. Lentil and wheat are the traditional crops grown in Southeastern Turkey. In this study soil samples from the Harran plain were collected from the 0-15 cm surface layer under wheat or lentil crop residues and used in a pot experiment carried out under greenhouse conditions with four levels of P fertilization: 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1 soil as Ca(H2PO4)2. Half of the soil batches were submitted to a heating treatment (80°C, 2 h). The maize variety PX-9540 was grown in the pots for 57 days. At harvest, plant dry weight, root length, P and Zn concentrations in plant tissues were measured and the extent of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined. Results showed that maize plants grown in soils where lentil had been previously cultivated grew better than those grown after wheat cultivation. In both cases, P concentration in plant tissues increased with increased P fertilization. There were no significant differences in root AMF colonization between soils with different crop sequences, nor with soils submitted to high temperature. Previous crops had a significant influence on the growth of plants that could be related to differences in the indigenous mycorrhiza inoculum potential and efficacy that can promote P uptake and benefit plant growth

The effects of mycorrhizal species and different doses of phosphorus on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) yield and development under field conditions

Mycorrhizae application plays an important role regarding the yield, development and nutrient uptake of pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.), especially in soils with high phosphorus fixation capacity. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of two mycorrhizal species and three different P doses on pepper growth in an iron oxide and carbonate rich Harran soil. Inan-3363 pepper variety was chosen for the experiment and inoculated with Glomus mosseae and G. etunicatum mycorrhizae species at the seedling and transplanting stages. In the first stage, pepper seeds with about 1000 spores per viol in perlite+peat (1:1, V: V) mixture and without mycorrhizal inoculations were seeded and left to grow. At the second stage the seedlings were transplanted to the experimental plots. In addition to control (0), the plots have received 100 and 200 kg ha-1 P2O5 doses. Both mycorrhizal inoculations had statistically significant positive effect on the pepper yield; however, G. mosseae species caused more pepper yield than G. etunicatum inoculation. Inoculated seedlings resulted in 5.4 and 12.7% yield increase when compared to plots with the 200 kg ha-1 P2O5 doses only. However, yield increases in re-inoculated seedlings (at transplanting stage) were 6 and 20.9% with the 200 kg ha-1 P2O5 dose. The study confirms that the application of mycorrhizae is of great importance to increase the pepper production under field conditions in the region. Plant analyses showed that mycorrhizae inoculation has no statistically significant effect on the amount of plant nutrients

Growth response of maize plants (Zea mays L.) to wheat and lentil pre-cropping and to indigenous mycorrhizae in field soil [Respuesta de plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.) a cultivos previos de trigo y lenteja y a la presencia de micorrizas nativas en el suelo]

The presence of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi may have significant effects on the growth and on the root morphology of plants, under arid and semi arid soil conditions. Lentil and wheat are the traditional crops grown in Southeastern Turkey. In this study soil samples from the Harran plain were collected from the 0-15 cm surface layer under wheat or lentil crop residues and used in a pot experiment carried out under greenhouse conditions with four levels of P fertilization: 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1 soil as Ca(H2PO4)2. Half of the soil batches were submitted to a heating treatment (80°C, 2 h). The maize variety PX-9540 was grown in the pots for 57 days. At harvest, plant dry weight, root length, P and Zn concentrations in plant tissues were measured and the extent of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined. Results showed that maize plants grown in soils where lentil had been previously cultivated grew better than those grown after wheat cultivation. In both cases, P concentration in plant tissues increased with increased P fertilization. There were no significant differences in root AMF colonization between soils with different crop sequences, nor with soils submitted to high temperature. Previous crops had a significant influence on the growth of plants that could be related to differences in the indigenous mycorrhiza inoculum potential and efficacy that can promote P uptake and benefit plant growth

Growth response of maize plants (Zea mays L.) to wheat and lentil pre-cropping and to indigenous mycorrhizae in field soil

WOS: 000280075400016The presence of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi may have significant effects on the growth and on the root morphology of plants, under arid and semi arid soil conditions. Lentil and wheat are the traditional crops grown in Southeastern Turkey. In this study soil samples from the Harran plain were collected from the 0-15 cm surface layer under wheat or lentil crop residues and used in a pot experiment carried out under greenhouse conditions with four levels of P fertilization: 0, 20,40 and 80 mg kg(-1) soil as Ca(H2PO4)(2). Half of the soil batches were submitted to a heating treatment (80 degrees C, 2 h). The maize variety PX-9540 was grown in the pots for 57 days. At harvest, plant dry weight, root length, P and Zn concentrations in plant tissues were measured and the extent of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined. Results showed that maize plants grown in soils where lentil had been previously cultivated grew better than those grown after wheat cultivation. In both cases, P concentration in plant tissues increased with increased P fertilization. There were no significant differences in root AMF colonization between soils with different crop sequences, nor with soils submitted to high temperature. Previous crops had a significant influence on the growth of plants that could be related to differences in the indigenous mycorrhiza inoculum potential and efficacy that can promote P uptake and benefit plant growth

Growth response of maize plants (Zea mays L.) to wheat and lentil pre-cropping and to indigenous mycorrhizae in field soil

The presence of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi may have significant effects on the growth and on the root morphology of plants, under arid and semi arid soil conditions. Lentil and wheat are the traditional crops grown in Southeastern Turkey. In this study soil samples from the Harran plain were collected from the 0-15 cm surface layer under wheat or lentil crop residues and used in a pot experiment carried out under greenhouse conditions with four levels of P fertilization: 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg�1 soil as Ca(H2PO4)2. Half of the soil batches were submitted to a heating treatment (80°C, 2 h). The maize variety PX-9540 was grown in the pots for 57 days. At harvest, plant dry weight, root length, P and Zn concentrations in plant tissues were measured and the extent of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined. Results showed that maize plants grown in soils where lentil had been previously cultivated grew better than those grown after wheat cultivation. In both cases, P concentration in plant tissues increased with increased P fertilization. There were no significant differences in root AMF colonization between soils with different crop sequences, nor with soils submitted to high temperature. Previous crops had a significant influence on the growth of plants that could be related to differences in the indigenous mycorrhiza inoculum potential and efficacy that can promote P uptake and benefit plant growthLa presencia de micorrizas nativas puede tener efectos significativos en el crecimiento y la morfología del sistema radicular de las plantas especialmente en zonas áridas y semi áridas. Los cultivos tradicionales en el sureste de Turquía son las lentejas y el trigo. Se obtuvieron muestras de la capa superior de suelo de la llanura de Harran (0-15 cm de profundidad), después del cultivo de lentejas o de trigo, y se utilizaron en un experimento en macetas y bajo condiciones de invernadero, con cuatro niveles de fertilización fosforada (0, 20, 40 y 80 mg kg�1 suelo). La mitad de cada muestra compuesta de los suelos se sometió a un tratamiento de calor (80°C, 2 h) y se cultivó la variedad de maíz PX-9540 en los contenedores durante 57 días. Se determinaron los siguientes parámetros: materia seca, colonización de raíz por hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HMA), longitud de raíz, y concentraciones de P y Zn en las plantas. Crecieron mejor las plantas de maíz cultivadas en suelos con un cultivo previo de lentejas que de trigo. En ambos casos, la concentración de P en las plantas se incrementó con cantidades crecientes de fertilización fosforada. No hubo diferencias significativas en la colonización por HMA de las raíces entre los dos suelos utilizados procedentes de cultivos diferentes y tampoco con el suelo sometido al tratamiento térmico. Se concluyó que los cultivos anteriores pueden tener un efecto en la cosecha siguiente, efecto que puede estar relacionado con diferencias en la eficacia y efectividad de las micorrizas nativas, que pueden contribuir significativamente a mejorar la absorción de P y el crecimiento de las planta

Growth response of maize plants (Zea mays L.) to wheat and lentil pre-cropping and to indigenous mycorrhizae in field soil. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 8(S1), S131-S136 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN

Abstract The presence of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi may have significant effects on the growth and on the root morphology of plants, under arid and semi arid soil conditions. Lentil and wheat are the traditional crops grown in Southeastern Turkey. In this study soil samples from the Harran plain were collected from the 0-15 cm surface layer under wheat or lentil crop residues and used in a pot experiment carried out under greenhouse conditions with four levels of P fertilization: 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg -1 soil as Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 . Half of the soil batches were submitted to a heating treatment (80°C, 2 h). The maize variety PX-9540 was grown in the pots for 57 days. At harvest, plant dry weight, root length, P and Zn concentrations in plant tissues were measured and the extent of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined. Results showed that maize plants grown in soils where lentil had been previously cultivated grew better than those grown after wheat cultivation. In both cases, P concentration in plant tissues increased with increased P fertilization. There were no significant differences in root AMF colonization between soils with different crop sequences, nor with soils submitted to high temperature. Previous crops had a significant influence on the growth of plants that could be related to differences in the indigenous mycorrhiza inoculum potential and efficacy that can promote P uptake and benefit plant growth. Additional key words: crop and soil management, crop rotation, P fertilization, temperature. Resumen Respuesta de plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.) a cultivos previos de trigo y lenteja y a la presencia de micorrizas nativas en el suelo La presencia de micorrizas nativas puede tener efectos significativos en el crecimiento y la morfología del sistema radicular de las plantas especialmente en zonas áridas y semi áridas. Los cultivos tradicionales en el sureste de Turquía son las lentejas y el trigo. Se obtuvieron muestras de la capa superior de suelo de la llanura de Harran (0-15 cm de profundidad), después del cultivo de lentejas o de trigo, y se utilizaron en un experimento en macetas y bajo condiciones de invernadero, con cuatro niveles de fertilización fosforada (0, 20, 40 y 80 mg kg -1 suelo). La mitad de cada muestra compuesta de los suelos se sometió a un tratamiento de calor (80°C, 2 h) y se cultivó la variedad de maíz PX-9540 en los contenedores durante 57 días. Se determinaron los siguientes parámetros: materia seca, colonización de raíz por hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HMA), longitud de raíz, y concentraciones de P y Zn en las plantas. Crecieron mejor las plantas de maíz cultivadas en suelos con un cultivo previo de lentejas que de trigo. En ambos casos, la concentración de P en las plantas se incrementó con cantidades crecientes de fertilización fosforada. No hubo diferencias significativas en la colonización por HMA de las raíces entre los dos suelos utilizados procedentes de cultivos diferentes y tampoco con el suelo sometido al tratamiento térmico. Se concluyó que los cultivos anteriores pueden tener un efecto en la cosecha siguiente, efecto que puede estar relacionado con diferencias en la eficacia y efectividad de las micorrizas nativas, que pueden contribuir significativamente a mejorar la absorción de P y el crecimiento de las plantas. Palabras clave adicionales: fertilización con P, manejo de de cultivos y suelos, rotación de cultivos, temperatura

Comparison of macro and micro element contents of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants grown on saline and nonsaline soils

Bu araştırmanın amacı, tuzlu ve tuzsuz topraklarda yetiştirilen pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L. ) bitkisinde makro ve mikro element değişimini karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmada 30 farklı tarladan toprak ve yaprak örnekleri alınmış, kabul edilen yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, tuzsuz ve tuzlu topraklarda K oldukça yüksek düzeyde bulunmaktadır. Ortalama değerlere göre, tuzlu topraklardaki Mg, tuzsuz topraklardaki Mg’den 1.5 kat, tuzlu topraklardaki Ca ise tuzsuz topraklardaki Ca’dan 2.5 kat daha yüksektir. Analiz sonuçları, tuzlu topraklarda yetiştirilen pamuğun tuzsuz topraklarda yetiştirilenlere göre sırasıyla % 70 oranında K, % 90 oranında Ca ve % 20 oranında daha fazla Mg içerdiğini göstermektedir. Toprakların alınabilir Zn, Ni ve B içeriklerinin tuzlu ve tuzsuz topraklarda hemen hemen aynı düzeyde olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte her iki toprak örneklerinde de alınabilir Zn ve Ni içeriği düşük, B ise kritik sınır olarak bildirilen 0.5 ppm’in üzerindedir. Alınabilir Fe ve Cu seviyesi tuzsuz topraklarda daha fazla bulunmuştur. Alınabilir Mn tuzlu topraklarda daha yüksek seviyede analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, yaprak örneklerinin Zn ve Fe içeriği yetersizdir. Ni saptanamayan örneklerde Cu yeterli düzeyde, Mn ve B ise standartların üzerinde saptanmıştır.The objective of this research was to comparison of macro and micro element changing in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown on salty and unsalty soils. In this research total 30 different soil and leave samples were taken from fields and analysed with acceptable methods. According to the analysis results, K level was determined high in salty and nonsalty soils. According to the data Mg in salty soils were found 1.5 times higher than those of nonsalty soils. Similarly, Ca in salty soils were found 2.5 times higher than those of nonsalty soils. Cotton plants grown on salty and nonsalty soils had 70 % K, 90 %Ca and 20 % Mg were determined highly relatively. It was clear that Zn, Ni and B contents of salty and nonsalty soils were determined almost the same quantity. Neverthless available Zn and Ni were determined lower, while B is 0.5 ppm higher than obtained critical level. Available Fe and Cu levels were found higher than those of nonsalty soils. Available Mn was found higher than nonsalty soils. According to the analysis results Zn and Fe contents of plant samples were insufficient. Cu was sufficient, Mn and B were higher than level of standards while Ni wasn’t determined in plant samples

Spatial and temporal coordination of insulin granule exocytosis in intact human pancreatic islets

Aims/hypothesis: Insulin secretion is widely studied because it plays a central role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Processes from insulin granule fusion in beta cells to in vivo insulin secretion have been elucidated, but data at the cellular level do not fully account for several aspects of the macroscopic secretory pattern. Here we investigated how individual secretory events are coordinated spatially and temporally within intact human islets. Methods: We used the fluorescent probe neuropeptide Y (NPY)–pHluorin to visualise insulin granule secretion in isolated intact human islets. Results: We found that individual beta cells respond to increases in glucose concentration by releasing insulin granules in very discrete bursts with periods consistent with in vivo pulsatile insulin secretion. In successive secretory bursts during prolonged exposure to high glucose levels, secretory events progressively localised to preferential release sites, coinciding with the transition to second phase insulin secretion. Granule secretion was very synchronised in neighbouring beta cells, forming discrete regional clusters of activity. Conclusions/interpretation: These results reveal how individual secretory events are coordinated to produce pulsatile insulin secretion from human islets. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.