Effect of diet and physical exercise treatment on insulin resistance syndrome of schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) of schoolchildren may contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) of young adults. The investigation of different steps, baseline screening parameters and treatment of IRS may help the prevention. METHODS: Schoolchildren (53 boys and 61 girls age 5-17 years) because of adverse family history of CVD, hypertension, and obesity were investigated. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to baseline plasma glucose level (PGL) 120 and 180 min. after glucose consumption (GC): (1) PGL or = 5.5 mmol/L 180 min. but or = 7.8 mmol/L 120 min. after GC. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism were measured at baseline and after two year's lifestyle modification. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) between groups 2 and 3. Fasting PGL > 5.5 mmol/L was found in 1, 2, and 6 cases; HOMA index > 4.4 in 7 (24%), 21 (37%), and 9 (35%) subjects; OGIS index < 400 in 3(10%), 29(51%) and 11 (42%) schoolchildren of groups 1, 2, 3, respectively. Lifestyle modification significantly improved BMI, systolic BP, serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: PGL measured 180 minutes after GC may define an important subgroup of pre-diabetic children. The similar prevalance of CRF in both praediabetic groups underlines the importance of this subgroup. Lifestyle modification for two years improves CRF in this population

Exercise effects in a virtual type 1 diabetes patient: Using stochastic differential equations for model extension

Introduction: Individualized control therapies give better and better results in the artificial pancreas researches. However, due to neglected dynamics the robustness of the methodologies is still a challenge. The Hungarian Artificial Pancreas Working Group (MAP) investigates this problem from several years. On previous ATTD conferences a robust control algorithm based on the Sorensen-model and its validation results were presented.. Aim: The model-free property of the algorithm is investigated based on the Hovorka-model. Methods: The aforementioned two Type 1 diabetes model (T1DM) was used to generate the virtual patients. Their parameters were identified using data recorded of 203 weeks of 90 T1DM patients in clinical environment from the MAP’s insulin pump centers (aged 6-52 years). Results: Hypoglycaemia is efficiently avoided and hyperglycaemia is reduced more then 75% to the real datasets if parameter identification and the starting point of the algorithm is well determined. Hence, simulations were started 1-2 days before the start of the identification timeframe in order to minimize problems caused by initial states. However, this requires more apiori information from the patient side. Conclusions: Use of hard constraints proved their efficiency even in case of model-free investigations. However, a robust identification technique is required to support the proposed control algorithm. Despite the required improvements, preliminary results show that the methodology has the potential to globally handle patient groups and efficiently support individualized control (ex. MPC) protocols. Further steps: Fault detection analysis of different life situations (like stress, physical activity) is required together with a robust identification methodology

Template-directed synthesis of palladium(II) sulfonate-NHC complexes and catalytic studies in aqueous Mizoroki-Heck reactions

10.1021/om500140gOrganometallics3371794-1800ORGN