South Africa's Path to Industrialisation, c1850-1925.

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented June 28-30 199

Currency, banking and politics: the Bank of England, sterling and South Africa's monetary system, 1914-1925.

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented October, 1991.The extent of imperial capital's dominance over South Africa's economy at the time of the formation of Union inevitably raises serious questions about the content of the country's political independence in 1910. This is not to deny that the making of Union was of far-reaching political significance. Yet, it is also evident that the unified state which emerged in 1910, far from representing the triumph of national interests over imperial interests, did much to safeguard British supremacy in South Africa. What this paper suggests is that our understanding of Britain's continued domination over South Africa - even after the country had formally gained its political independence - and the challenge which took place to imperial capital's hegemony during the period 1914-1925, can be enhanced by looking at the way in which South Africa was incorporated into the imperial economic system - particularly with regard to such crucial and sensitive matters as currency and banking

The development of the system of individual tenure for Africans: with special reference to the Glen Grey Act, c1894-1922

The Glen Grey Act was promulgated in August 1894. The main provisions of the Act were for the survey into individual allotments of land held tribally and for a system of local self-government. Described by its originator, C.J. Rhodes, as a 'Bill for Africa, it was first applied to the district of Glen Grey and subsequently extended (in a piece-meal fashion) to a number of districts in the Transkei. The Act was introduced at a crucial stage in South Africa's history. During this period the country stood poised on the threshhold of a significant and far-reaching transformation. The South Africa of 'old', predominantly agricultural and rural was giving way to a 'new' South Africa, modern and industrial. At the centre of this development was the mineral discoveries of the 1860s and 1880s. The period of colonial conquest had also virtually been completed. Most of the hitherto independent African chiefdoms had either been broken up or were under European control. The most urgent problem which now faced the new rulers was devising a policy to govern the millions of black people over whom they had assumed responsibility. Of crucial concern was the creation of working class to minister to the needs of the developing economy. This task was made all the more difficult by the divisions which existed among the ruling groups at the time. To all intents and purposes the country was made up of essentially four independent and autonomous regions. Although the economic changes which were taking place would hasten the unification of the country, until that happened it was well-nigh impossible for a uniform 'native policy' to take shape. The inevitable consequence was the emergence of a number of regional responses to what was essentially a country-wide issue. As the unification of South Africa drew closer however these different regional responses began to vie with each other for supremacy at a national level. The Glen Grey policy then was the response of the Cape to the changes which were taking place in the country. As such, it drew much of its inspiration from the traditions which had developed in the Cape Colony. Its initiators did not however view it as only a regional policy. For them it had applicability to the whole country. It was therefore to be expected that they would attempt to 'sell' their policy to the rest of the country. In the end however it won few adherents outside of the Cape Colony and when Union became an established fact it bowed out to a policy favoured largely by the northern provinces. To be sure the Glen Grey system did linger on for a while in those districts where it had first been applied but it would not be long before it was to fall into official disapproval. While the Glen Grey Act was ushered in with much fanfare and vaunted expectations, its demise was silent and ignominous. The grandiose course which it had charted for the taking-in-hand of the 'native question' came to naught, as did the profound and far-reaching changes which it was believed the policy would inaugurate. The origins of this policy, its implementation and actual working, and the reasons why in the end it foundered and was abandoned will be the main themes of this thesis

Examining the ecological validity of the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire

It is clear that high class expertise and effective practice exists within many talent development environments across the world. However, there is also a general consensus that widespread evidence-based policy and practice is lacking. As such, it is crucial to develop solutions which can facilitate effective dissemination of knowledge and promotion of evidence-based talent development systems. While the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (Martindale et al., 2010 ) provides a method through which this could be facilitated, its ecological validity has remained untested. As such, this study aimed to investigate the real world applicability of the questionnaire through discriminant function analysis. Athletes across ten distinct regional squads and academies were identified and separated into two broad levels, 'higher quality' (n = 48) and 'lower quality' (n = 51) environments, based on their process quality and productivity. Results revealed that the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire was able to discriminate with 77.8% accuracy. Furthermore, in addition to the questionnaire as a whole, two individual features, 'quality preparation' (P < 0.01) and 'understanding the athlete' (P < 0.01), were found to be significant discriminators. In conclusion, the results indicate robust structural properties and sound ecological validity, allowing the questionnaire to be used with more confidence in applied and research settings

Curriculum implementation exploratory studies: Final report

Throughout the history of schooling in New Zealand the national curriculum has been revised at fairly regular intervals. Consequently, schools are periodically faced with having to accommodate to new curriculum. In between major changes other specifically-focused changes may arise; for example, the increased recent emphasis upon numeracy and literacy

Higher Rates of Head Contacts, Body Checking, and Suspected Injuries in Ringette Than Female Ice Hockey:Time to Ring in Opportunities for Prevention

Objective: Ringette is a popular team ice sport in Canada, primarily played by females. Bodychecking is prohibited at all levels of play. This study used video-analysis to evaluate physical contact (PC), head contact (HC), and suspected injury and concussion incidence rates (IR) in youth ringette. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: Youth ringette players from the 2021-2022 season playing in the U16 (ages 14-15) or U19 (ages 16-18) age groups (A or AA levels). Games were filmed from regular season, provincials, and nationals (AA only). Observation Technique: Game video-recordings were analyzed using Dartfish video-analysis software. Validated criteria were used to assess trunk PC intensity (levels 1-3=lower-intensity PC, levels 4-5=higher-intensity bodychecking), HC type (HC1=direct player-to-player, HC2=indirect), suspected injury (concussion, non-concussion), and penalty enforcement. Outcome Measures: Multivariable Poisson regression analyses (adjusted for cluster by teamgame, offset by game-minutes) were used to estimate PC, HC, and suspected injury and concussion IRs. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to compare IR across age groups, levels of play, and game types. Proportions of bodychecks and HC1s penalized were reported. Results: Seventy-eight team-games were included (U16 n=40, U19 n=38; A n=30, AA n=48; regular season n=30, provincials n=32, nationals n=16). The overall bodychecking IR was 17.34/100 team-minutes (95% CI:14.80-20.33), HC 19.09/100 team-minutes (95% CI:16.7421.78), suspected injury 1.53/100 team-minutes (95% CI:1.13-2.09), and suspected concussion 0.74/100 team-minutes (95% CI:0.48-1.13). Only 29% (95% CI:24.97-32.59) of bodychecks and 7% (95% CI:4.76-9.70) of HC1s were penalized. No differences were found in bodychecking, HCs, or suspected injury and concussion IRs between age groups or levels of play. Bodychecking IRs were 64% (IRR=1.64; 95% CI:1.13-2.39) higher in provincials and 24% (IRR=1.24; 95% CI:1.02-1.50) higher in nationals than regular season games. A 31% (IRR=0.69; 95% CI:0.49-0.97) lower rate of HCs was reported in national games compared to provincial games. Bodychecking was the most common mechanism for concussion (70%) and nonconcussion injuries (67%), with concussions most often associated with HC2s (62.5%). Conclusions: Bodychecking and HC1 IRs were high among youth ringette players, despite rules prohibiting them. Future research should target prevention strategies aimed to reduce HC1s and bodychecking to reduce injury and concussion IRs in youth ringette

Gatekeepers of financial power: from London to Lagos

The main premise of this paper is that, until recently, African elites did not regulate or control financial flows moving across the continent. They were not financial gatekeepers. In Africa Since 1940, Cooper identified African elites as gatekeepers regulating access to resources and opportunities passing through strategic sites. This paper makes a case for revision of existing notions of the gatekeeper state in an ongoing effort to (re)negotiate the continent’s colonial past through two new arguments. The first is that financial power was never located at a ‘peripheral’ African gate, but resolutely held onto within leading financial centres, circumventing any opportunity for African elites to control financial flows. Failure to distinguish between types of flows distorts analysis of African political economic power under colonialism. It is only in the post-2000 period, that we see powerful African states driving the integration of African markets into the global financial system. The second argument is that these African goals to control financial flows correspond more to ‘gateway’ strategies than to gatekeeper. Drawing on the case of Lagos, I demonstrate how this ‘gateway’ concept better captures trans-scalar processes of new financial clustering in Africa’s emerging markets than a concept associated with ‘gates’ under Empire

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin