17,006 research outputs found
Turbocharger Structural Integrity
Since the introduction of Euro VI in January 2014, all new diesel powered commercial vehicles have been equipped with turbocharged engines. It is virtually impossible to meet these emission regulations without using a turbocharger. Similarly, in the passenger car sector both on diesel and petrol (gasoline) powered vehicles, legislative pressure to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide are seeing the introduction of turbochargers across almost all new power units. Future legislation will continue this trend with engine manufacturers becoming increasingly reliant on turbocharging. As well as increasing the requirement for turbochargers, these external factors are also demanding that turbochargers become more responsive with reduced rotor inertia and lower thermal inertias. This in turn makes the task of ensuring that turbocharger components remain fit for purpose for the life of the turbocharger that much more difficult. In this paper some of the recent developments in turbocharger technology will be identified and the demands that these place on the structural components will be explored. The limitations of current methods of structural integrity assessment for some of these components will be discussed. Future developments of these methods will then be proposed
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Evidence that indirect inhibition of saccade initiation improves saccade accuracy
Saccadic eye-movements to a visual target are less accurate if there are distracters close to its location (local distracters). The addition of more distracters, remote from the target location (remote distracters), invokes an involuntary increase in the response latency of the saccade and attenuates the effect of local distracters on accuracy. This may be due to the target and distracters directly competing (direct route) or to the remote distracters acting to impair the ability to disengage from fixation (indirect route). To distinguish between these we examined the development of saccade competition by recording saccade latency and accuracy responses made to a target and local distracter compared with those made with an addition of a remote distracter. The direct route would predict that the remote distracter impacts on the developing competition between target and local distracter, while the indirect route would predict no change as the accuracy benefit here derives from accessing the same competitive process but at a later stage. We found that the presence of the remote distracter did not change the pattern of accuracy improvement. This suggests that the remote distracter was acting along an indirect route that inhibits disengagement from fixation, slows saccade initiation, and enables more accurate saccades to be made
Eastward and northward: a geographical conception of âNorĂ°mannalandâ in Ohthereâs Voyage and its analogues in old Norse/Icelandic literature
The Old English account known as Ohthereâs Voyage preserves a ninth-century description of âNorĂ°mannalandâ (the land of the Northmen) given by Ohthere, a sailor from northern Norway, at the court of Alfred the Great. In a little-discussed quirk of terminology, Ohthereâs description of the dimensions of NorĂ°mannaland juxtaposes its north (OE norĂ°eweard) with its east (OE easteweard), rather than its south. In this article, the phenomenon is compared with similar juxtapositions of east and north in Old Norse skaldic verses and sagas from the tenth to thirteenth centuries, demonstrating that this was not simply an error that crept in with the reportâs transmission in an Old English context; instead, it is evidence of an Old Norse colloquialism which characterized northwestern Scandinavia in terms of its perceived northern and eastern extremities. This colloquialism is compared to similar geographical conceptions found in late- and post-medieval Norwegian texts, such as the division between nordafjells (north of the mountains) and sĂžnnafjells (south of the mountains); however, it is concluded that the juxtaposition of east and north did not originate in the dividing line of Norwayâs central mountain ranges, but in the shape of its southern coast.publishedVersio
Unearthing St Edmund: A Source for Edmund's Martyrdom in ĂslendingabĂłk
In Ari fróði Ăorgilssonâs ĂslendingabĂłk, the settlement of Iceland is said to have first begun from Norway in 870, the year that âĂvarr, son of Ragnarr loĂ°brĂłk, had St Edmund, king of the English, killed.â He attributes his knowledge of the date of this martyrdom to a mysterious âsagaâ of St Edmund, the identity of which has long been debated. This note considers the various alternatives put forth by previous researchers and concludes that the most likely candidate for this saga is in fact a composite of two texts, Abbo of Fleuryâs Passio Sancti Eadmundi and Hermannus the Archdeaconâs De miraculis Sancti Eadmundi. These texts are known to have been bound together in at least one manuscript from the early twelfth century. It is argued that a similar manuscript may have circulated in Iceland and was used to inform several other Old Icelandic texts composed over the following two centuries.publishedVersio
A Family Reunion: "Hversu Noregr byggĂ°ist" and the First Chapter of the "FlateyjarbĂłk Ăttartölur" as a Textual Unity
Opprinnelseslegenden FrĂĄ FornjĂłti ok hans ĂŠttmönnum âOm Fornjot og slektningene hansâ er bevart i to versjoner i FlateyjarbĂłk, et kjent islandsk samlehĂ„ndskrift fra trettenhundretallet. Legenden fĂžlger opprinnelsen til forskjellige norske og orknĂžyske dynastier tilbake til to brĂždre som heter NĂłrr og GĂłrr. Den antatt yngste versjonen, «NĂłrrversjonen», er representert av en tekst som heter Hversu Noregr byggĂ°ist âHvordan Norge ble bygdâ. Teksten stĂ„r i et komplekst forhold til de fem kapitlene med Ăttartölur âSlektsforskningâ som fĂžlger den i manuskriptet. Selv om innhold og tema ligner i alle disse tekstene, er de tydelig avgrenset av initialer som ble satt inn av skriveren MagnĂșs ĂĂłrhallsson. MagnĂșs har ofte blitt tillagt en viktig rolle i samlingen av disse kapitlene. Denne artikkelen utforsker forholdet mellom Hversu Noregr byggĂ°ist og det fĂžrste av slektsforskningskapitlene. Det demonstreres hvordan fortelling og temaer er gjennomgĂ„ende i begge tekstene og at begge tekstene bruker de samme kildene til Ă„ identifisere NĂłrrs etterkommere som fremstĂ„ende personer. PĂ„ dette grunnlaget blir det argumentert for Ă„ betrakte de to tekstene som en tekstlig enhet, delt i to da manuskriptet ble samlet. Den narrative strukturen til begge tekstene kan sammenlignes med legendens andre versjon, Fundinn Noregr âNorge grunnlagtâ. Artikkelen viser at en tilsvarende sammenheng som mellom Hversu Noregr byggĂ°ist og det fĂžrste slektsforskningskapittelet, ikke fins mellom disse to tekstene og de siste fire slektsforskningskapitlene. Derfor blir det foreslĂ„tt at MagnĂșs ĂĂłrhallsson neppe er forfatteren av NĂłrrversjonen slik vi kjenner den.publishedVersio
The Prehistory of Frå Fornjóti ok hans Êttmönnum: Connections with the Chronicon Lethrense and their Consequences
The Old Norse origin myth known as FrĂĄ FornjĂłti ok hans ĂŠttmönnum, which claims that Norway was founded by a pair of brothers named NĂłrr and GĂłrr, is preserved in two distinct variants in the late fourteenth-century Icelandic manuscript known as FlateyjarbĂłk. One variant, Fundinn Noregr, forms the preface to Orkneyinga saga and had therefore come into existence by c. 1230, whereas the other, Hversu Noregr byggĂ°ist, is not attested before c. 1290. Most scholars have argued that Hversu Noregr byggĂ°ist is a derivative of Fundinn Noregr, which was created to preface Orkneyinga saga by the Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson. This article draws attention to hitherto-undocumented parallels between both variants of FrĂĄ FornjĂłti and a twelfth-century Latin text known as the Chronicon Lethrense or Lejre Chronicle. To explain these parallels, a new hypothesis for the pre-history of FrĂĄ FornjĂłti is formulated: that both variants are independent witnesses to an earlier version of the myth which drew upon the Chronicon Lethrense or a shared model. This hypothesis is tested against arguments supporting the consensus that regards Fundinn Noregr as the original, taking the mythâs ideological underpinnings and analogues in Old Norse literature into account. It is suggested that the hypothesis best explains patterns of shared wording revealed by close comparative readings of passages in both variants, Orkneyinga saga, and other contemporary Old Norse texts. The article concludes with speculation about the context in which a previous version of the myth might have been composed.publishedVersio
ABC\u27s of scapegoating: With a foreword
https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/1460/thumbnail.jp
This Is Hardcore: Why the Court Should Have Granted a Writ of Mandamus Compelling Mandatory Condom Use to Decrease Transmission of HIV and STDs in the Adult Film Industry
The article discusses the U.S. adult film industry as of September 2012, focusing on a call for the courts to issue a writ of mandamus requiring the industry to force film participants to use condoms to prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually-transmitted diseases. The author argues that the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health abused its discretion as a government agency by failing to protect the health of adult film industry participants such as actor Derrick Burts
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