A century of ongoing silicic volcanism at Cordón Caulle, Chile: New constraints on the magmatic system involved in the 1921–1922, 1960 and 2011–2012 eruptions

Cordón Caulle in southern Chile has produced three dacitic to rhyolitic fissure eruptions over the past century (in 1921–1922, 1960 and 2011–2012), and thereby provides an ideal opportunity to examine the architecture of its underlying silicic system. While the 2011–2012 eruption has been extensively studied, comparatively little is known about the 1921–1922 and 1960 events. Major-element matrix glass analyses from the 1960 products (71.5 wt.% SiO2) are indistinguishable from the 2011–2012 data (72.2 wt.% SiO2), but the 1921–1922 analyses form a discrete, slightly less evolved sub-population (69.0 wt.% SiO2). We utilise rhyolite-MELTS geobarometry to estimate both the storage and extraction depths of all three magmas. For all three eruptions, magma was stored in the shallow crust, between 80–150 MPa (3.5–6.6 km). The 2011–2012 magma body spanned this whole depth range but the 1921–1922 and 1960 magma bodies were more confined in pressure, at 90–112 MPa (4.0–5.0 km) and 123–143 MPa (5.4–6.3 km) respectively. Melt extraction from a parental crystal-mush occurred in the range 70–200 MPa (3.1–9.0 km) for all three eruptions, suggesting contiguous melt segregation and storage in the shallow crust. Finally, we discuss whether the deeper magma storage in 1960 reflects the influence of a seismic trigger by events associated with the Mw9.5 Great Chilean earthquake.Fil: Seropian, Gilles. University of Canterbury; Nueva ZelandaFil: Schipper, C. Ian. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva ZelandaFil: Harmon, Lydia J.. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Smithies, Sarah L.. University of Canterbury; Nueva ZelandaFil: Kennedy, Ben M.. University of Canterbury; Nueva ZelandaFil: Castro, Jonathan M.. Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; AlemaniaFil: Alloway, Brent V.. University of Auckland; Nueva Zelanda. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Forte, Pablo Brian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina. Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; Alemani

Suspected case of COVID-19-associated pancreatitis in a child.

The world has been challenged by SARS CoV-2, a new virus causing pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with common symptoms of COVID-19 in pediatric patients including both respiratory and GI symptoms. There is a lack of literature implicating COVID-19 in pancreatitis, yet viruses are generally understood to be a cause of pancreatitis in children. We present a case of a previously well 7-year-old girl, who presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and anorexia. She was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis with an abnormal lipase, ultrasound, and computed tomography, and was found to be COVID-19 positive by polymerase chain reaction. Our case suggests that, in the current pandemic, consideration for SARS CoV-2 testing in children with gastrointestinal symptoms and pancreatitis may be considered. Additionally, this case highlights the need for appropriate personal protective equipment for providers, even when COVID is not initially on the differential