European Slave Trading, Abolitionism, and “New Systems Of Slavery” in the Indian Ocean

Recent scholarship on British, Dutch, French, and Portuguese slave trading in the Indian Ocean highlights the need to explore structural connections between pre- and post-emancipation migrant labour systems in the colonial world. Europeans purchased and transported a minimum of 431,000-547,000 slaves of African, Indian, Malagasy, and Southeast Asian origin to destinations in the Indian Ocean world between 1500 and 1850. These data, coupled with recent research on European abolitionist activity in the region and the movement of convict and indentured labourers throughout and beyond this oceanic basin, point to the development of an increasingly integrated global movement of migrant labour during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

Magnetic back-to-back locator

A back-to-back locator instrument includes a first portion with an array of two or more magnetic sensors, and an indicator arrangement. A second portion of the instrument includes an array of correspondingly located magnets. Each of the first and second portions includes a marking arrangement, which either allows marking of the underlying surface, or viewing of a mark on the surface for properly locating the instrument portion thereon. When the two portions are congruent or registered, the indicator arrangement gives a maximum indication of corresponding locations. In a particular use, corresponding locations on the inside and outside of a tank are identified. The indicator arrangement may include a separate indicator for each magnetic sensor. A flux concentrator may be associated with each magnetic sensor

Brief Note Dorsal and Anal Glands in the Eastern Chipmunk, Tamias Striatus

Author Institution: Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Ohio Universit

Merchant capital and labor migration in the colonial Indian Ocean world

Objective/Context: Historians have long acknowledged the importance of merchant diasporas and trade networks in Indian Ocean history but paid little attention to merchant capital’s role in transoceanic labor migration in and beyond this part of the globe. Research on slave trading in the Indian Ocean during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries highlights the need to pay closer attention to the complexities of economic life in this oceanic world. Methodology: This article surveys relevant historiography and draws on archival research in the India Office Records in London and the Mauritius National Archives in Coromandel. Originality: This article illustrates some of the ways in which Asian and European merchant capital shaped colonial social and economic life. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political complexities inherent in Indian Ocean history is contingent upon situating the specialized case studies that characterize this field of study in more fully developed local, regional, pan-regional, and comparative contexts.Objetivo/Contexto: Los historiadores han reconocido durante mucho tiempo la importancia de las diásporas mercantiles y las redes comerciales en la historia del Océano Índico, pero han prestado poca atención al papel del capital mercantil en la migración de mano de obra transoceánica dentro y fuera de esta parte del mundo. La investigación sobre el comercio de esclavos en el Océano Índico durante los siglos xvii, xviii y xix destaca la necesidad de prestar más atención a las complejidades de la vida económica en este mundo oceánico. Metodología: Este artículo examina la historiografía relevante y se basa en la investigación documental de los India Office Records en Londres y los Archivos Nacionales de Mauricio, en Coromandel. Originalidad: Se ilustran algunas de las formas en que el capital mercantil asiático y europeo dio forma a la vida social y económica colonial. Conclusiones: Una comprensión más profunda de las complejidades sociales, económicas y políticas inherentes a la historia del Océano Índico depende de situar los estudios de casos especializados que caracterizan este campo de estudio en contextos locales, regionales, panregionales y comparativos más desarrollados.Objetivo/Contexto: há muito que os historiadores reconhecem a importância das diásporas mercantis e das redes comerciais na história do Oceano Índico, mas prestaram pouca atenção ao papel da capital mercantil na migração de mão de obra transoceânica dentro e fora do globo. A investigação sobre o comércio de escravos no Oceano Índico durante os séculos 17, 18 e 19 sublinha a necessidade de prestar mais atenção às complexidades da vida econômica nesse mundo oceânico. Metodologia: este artigo analisa a historiografia relevante e baseia-se na pesquisa documental dos India Office Records em Londres e nos Arquivos Nacionais de Maurício, em Coromandel. Originalidade: este artigo ilustra algumas das maneiras pelas quais o capital mercantil asiático e europeu moldou a vida social e econômica colonial. Conclusões: uma compreensão mais profunda das complexidades sociais, econômicas e políticas inerentes à história do Oceano Índico depende da colocação dos estudos de caso especializados que caracterizam esta área de estudo em contextos locais, regionais, pan-regionais e comparativos mais desenvolvidos

Prevalence of feral swine disturbance at important archaeological sites over a large landscape in Florida

Feral swine are globally known as one of the most destructive invasive vertebrates, damaging native habitats, native plants and animals, agriculture, infrastructure, spreading diseases. There has been little quantification on their disturbance to archaeological sites across a broad landscape. Over 6 years we inspected 293 significant archaeological sites for swine disturbance across a vast area. We found a 42% prevalence of swine disturbance among all sites, with prevalence not distinguishable among prehistoric sites, historic sites, and sites with both components. The areas of disturbance mapped within three historic homestead sites showed 5–26% of total site surface area rooted. Disturbance was not evident upon re-inspection of one of these sites after 18 months, indicating how evidence of disturbance can be obscured in this environment. Thus, our observed 42% prevalence of disturbance should be considered a minimum for disturbance occurring through time. Artifacts depths were \u3c10 cm of the surface at 85% of the sites and \u3c20 cm of the surface for 90% of the sites. Feral swine rooting commonly exceeds 20 cm in depth, especially in soft sandy substrates typical of Florida, making the great majority of the studied sites highly vulnerable to artifact damage or displacement

Prevalence of feral swine disturbance at important archaeological sites over a large landscape in Florida

Feral swine are globally known as one of the most destructive invasive vertebrates, damaging native habitats, native plants and animals, agriculture, infrastructure, spreading diseases. There has been little quantification on their disturbance to archaeological sites across a broad landscape. Over 6 years we inspected 293 significant archaeological sites for swine disturbance across a vast area. We found a 42% prevalence of swine disturbance among all sites, with prevalence not distinguishable among prehistoric sites, historic sites, and sites with both components. The areas of disturbance mapped within three historic homestead sites showed 5–26% of total site surface area rooted. Disturbance was not evident upon re-inspection of one of these sites after 18 months, indicating how evidence of disturbance can be obscured in this environment. Thus, our observed 42% prevalence of disturbance should be considered a minimum for disturbance occurring through time. Artifacts depths were \u3c10 cm of the surface at 85% of the sites and \u3c20 cm of the surface for 90% of the sites. Feral swine rooting commonly exceeds 20 cm in depth, especially in soft sandy substrates typical of Florida, making the great majority of the studied sites highly vulnerable to artifact damage or displacement

Satellite observation and mapping of wintertime ozone variability in the lower stratosphere

Comparison is made between 30 mbar ozone fields that are generated by a transport chemistry model utilizing the winds from the Goddard Space Flight Center stratospheric data assimilation system (STRATAN), observations from the LIMS instrument on Nimbus-7, and the ozone fields that result from 'flying a mathematical simulation of LIMS observations through the transport chemistry model ozone fields. The modeled ozone fields were found to resemble the LIMS observations, but the model fields show much more temporal and spatial structure than do the LIMS observations. The 'satellite mapped' model results resemble the LIMS observations much more closely. These results are very consistent with the earlier discussions of satellite space-time sampling by Salby