What are the ways do K-12 public school systems and teacher training programs contribute to the exploitation of black educators; what political, cultural and economic ends does this serve? How does the current treatment and deployment of black educators hamper rather than further black educational progress?

This Capstone Research Project: What are the ways do K-12 public school systems and teacher training programs contribute to the exploitation of black educators; what political, cultural and economic ends does this serve? How does the current treatment and deployment of black educators hamper rather than further black educational progress, is the first step into examining the K-12 teacher training programs in Minnesota and across the United States. I allege that University-based teacher training programs and school districts are in need of a reset for their rejection and racist extortion of the black educator that tends to center and reify continued educational debts that la bare to continued education failures for black boys and girls and students of color in K-12 school systems. We must also be aware of historical assumptions about black male educators created inside of teacher education training programs that surreptitiously obstruct not only the voice of the black body, but also rely too much on cookiecutter administrative-supported curricula that resists change in cultural relevancy, collaboration, program self-reflection and community engagement. Since January 2018, this researcher has reflected on this project looking into dark rooms that did not want any lights turned on. I could see both the good and bad reasons for the rejection of one’s culture, but we don\u27t understand the critical motives, but always have to question them. Teacher training programs are in the dark, there\u27s zero prospect that some kind of equal opportunity will occur anytime soon, but, the enrichment inside of differences is rarely deciphered for the benefit of new teachers and more frequently turned away. This research project and future writings will start to address some of the challenges that lay bare a system that hemorrhages institutional racism and cultural misunderstandings

Insecticidal Control of the Sugar-Beet Root Maggot and Yield of Sugar Beets.

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Luteal maintenance of pregnancy in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

The ovaries of 8 African elephant fetuses and their mothers between 2 and 22 months of gestation, and those of 2 cycling and 2 lactating elephants, were examined grossly, histologically and immunocytochemically, with emphasis on the development and regression of the accessory corpora lutea (CL) of pregnancy and the steroidogenic capacities of these and the fetal ovaries. The results supported recent findings (Lueders et al. 2011) that the accessory CL form as a result of luteinisation, with and without ovulation, of medium sized follicles during the 3-week interluteal period of the oestrous cycle. They enlarge significantly and become steroidogenically active around 5 weeks of gestation, probably in response to placental lactogen (elPL) which is secreted by the implanting trophoblast of the conceptus. The large luteal cells stained strongly for 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) activity throughout the 22 month gestation period although they showed vacuolation and other degenerative changes in the final months of gestation coincident with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of 3βHSD-positive interstitial cells in the fetal gonads. It is proposed that the progestagens secreted by the enlarged gonads of the elephant fetus may function both to assist the maternal ovaries in supporting the pregnancy state and to induce torpor and intrauterine immobility of the rapidly growing fetus.This project was kindly funded, in part, by the China Wildlife Conservation Association and Collingwood Neptune.http://www.reproduction-online.orghb2017Production Animal Studie

Binary Collisions and the Slingshot Effect

We derive the equations for the gravity assist manoeuvre in the general 2D case without the constraints of circular planetary orbits or widely different masses as assumed by Broucke, and obtain the slingshot conditions and maximum energy gain for arbitrary mass ratios of two colliding rigid bodies. Using the geometric view developed in an earlier paper by the authors the possible trajectories are computed for both attractive or repulsive interactions yielding a further insight on the slingshot mechanics and its parametrization. The general slingshot manoeuvre for arbitrary masses is explained as a particular case of the possible outcomes of attractive or repulsive binary collisions, and the correlation between asymptotic information and orbital parameters is obtained in general.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication Dec'07, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronom

Structure and dynamics of Rh surfaces

Lattice relaxations, surface phonon spectra, surface energies, and work functions are calculated for Rh(100) and Rh(110) surfaces using density-functional theory and the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Both, the local-density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation to the exchange-correlation functional are considered. The force constants are obtained from the directly calculated atomic forces, and the temperature dependence of the surface relaxation is evaluated by minimizing the free energy of the system. The anharmonicity of the atomic vibrations is taken into account within the quasiharmonic approximation. The importance of contributions from different phonons to the surface relaxation is analyzed.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, scheduled to appear in Phys. Rev. B, Feb. 15 (1998). Other related publications can be found at http://www.rz-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm

Bcc 4^4He as a Coherent Quantum Solid

In this work we investigate implications of the quantum nature of bcc $^{4}$% He. We show that it is a unique solid phase with both a lattice structure and an Off-Diagonal Long Range Order of coherently oscillating local electric dipole moments. These dipoles arise from the local motion of the atoms in the crystal potential well, and oscillate in synchrony to reduce the dipolar interaction energy. The dipolar ground-state is therefore found to be a coherent state with a well defined global phase and a three-component complex order parameter. The condensation energy of the dipoles in the bcc phase stabilizes it over the hcp phase at finite temperatures. We further show that there can be fermionic excitations of this ground-state and predict that they form an optical-like branch in the (110) direction. A comparison with 'super-solid' models is also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Data Analysis Challenges for the Einstein Telescope

The Einstein Telescope is a proposed third generation gravitational wave detector that will operate in the region of 1 Hz to a few kHz. As well as the inspiral of compact binaries composed of neutron stars or black holes, the lower frequency cut-off of the detector will open the window to a number of new sources. These will include the end stage of inspirals, plus merger and ringdown of intermediate mass black holes, where the masses of the component bodies are on the order of a few hundred solar masses. There is also the possibility of observing intermediate mass ratio inspirals, where a stellar mass compact object inspirals into a black hole which is a few hundred to a few thousand times more massive. In this article, we investigate some of the data analysis challenges for the Einstein Telescope such as the effects of increased source number, the need for more accurate waveform models and the some of the computational issues that a data analysis strategy might face.Comment: 18 pages, Invited review for Einstein Telescope special edition of GR

Unit bar architecture in a highly‐variable fluvial discharge regime: Examples from the Burdekin River, Australia

Unit bars are relatively large bedforms that develop in rivers over a wide range of climatic regimes. Unit bars formed within the highly-variable discharge Burdekin River in Queensland, Australia, were examined over three field campaigns between 2015 and 2017. These bars had complex internal structures, dominated by co-sets of cross-stratified and planar-stratified sets. The cross-stratified sets tended to down-climb. The development of complex internal structures was primarily a result of three processes: (i) superimposed bedforms reworking the unit bar avalanche face; (ii) variable discharge triggering reactivation surfaces; and (iii) changes in bar growth direction induced by stage change. Internal structures varied along the length and across the width of unit bars. For the former, down-climbing cross-stratified sets tended to pass into single planar cross-stratified deposits at the downstream end of emergent bars; such variation related to changes in fluvial conditions whilst bars were active. A hierarchy of six categories of fluvial unsteadiness is proposed, with these discussed in relation to their effects on unit bar (and dune) internal structure. Across-deposit variation was caused by changes in superimposed bedform and bar character along bar crests; such changes related to the three-dimensionality of the channel and bar geometry when bars were active. Variation in internal structure is likely to be more pronounced in unit bar deposits than in smaller bedform (for example, dune) deposits formed in the same river. This is because smaller bedforms are more easily washed out or modified by changing discharge conditions and their smaller dimensions restrict the variation in flow conditions that occur over their width. In regimes where unit bar deposits are well-preserved, their architectural variability is a potential aid to their identification. This complex architecture also allows greater resolution in interpreting the conditions before and during bar initiation and development

Anomalous Heat Conduction and Anomalous Diffusion in Low Dimensional Nanoscale Systems

Thermal transport is an important energy transfer process in nature. Phonon is the major energy carrier for heat in semiconductor and dielectric materials. In analogy to Ohm's law for electrical conductivity, Fourier's law is a fundamental rule of heat transfer in solids. It states that the thermal conductivity is independent of sample scale and geometry. Although Fourier's law has received great success in describing macroscopic thermal transport in the past two hundreds years, its validity in low dimensional systems is still an open question. Here we give a brief review of the recent developments in experimental, theoretical and numerical studies of heat transport in low dimensional systems, include lattice models, nanowires, nanotubes and graphenes. We will demonstrate that the phonon transports in low dimensional systems super-diffusively, which leads to a size dependent thermal conductivity. In other words, Fourier's law is breakdown in low dimensional structures