Mathematical Modelling of Auxin Transport in Plant Tissues:Flux Meets Signalling and Growth

Plant hormone auxin has critical roles in plant growth, dependent on its heterogeneous distribution in plant tissues. Exactly how auxin transport and developmental processes such as growth coordinate to achieve the precise patterns of auxin observed experimentally is not well understood. Here we use mathematical modelling to examine the interplay between auxin dynamics and growth and their contribution to formation of patterns in auxin distribution in plant tissues. Mathematical models describing the auxin-related signalling pathway, PIN and AUX1 dynamics, auxin transport, and cell growth in plant tissues are derived. A key assumption of our models is the regulation of PIN proteins by the auxin-responsive ARF-Aux/IAA signalling pathway, with upregulation of PIN biosynthesis by ARFs. Models are analysed and solved numerically to examine the long-time behaviour and auxin distribution. Changes in auxin-related signalling processes are shown to be able to trigger transition between passage and spot type patterns in auxin distribution. The model was also shown to be able to generate isolated cells with oscillatory dynamics in levels of components of the auxin signalling pathway which could explain oscillations in levels of ARF targets that have been observed experimentally. Cell growth was shown to have influence on PIN polarisation and determination of auxin distribution patterns. Numerical simulation results indicate that auxin-related signalling processes can explain the different patterns in auxin distributions observed in plant tissues, whereas the interplay between auxin transport and growth can explain the `reverse-fountain' pattern in auxin distribution observed at plant root tips

Understanding the Role of Consumer Organisations in Policy Making and Regulation in the UK and Norway. Do they matter?

Abstract Neoliberalism constructs a particular version of consumers as existing individually and within markets, and not collectively outside of markets where regulation and policy is made. This undermines the individual’s ability, as a consumer, to influence how markets are constructed and regulated. This thesis investigates the role of consumer organisations in contemporary policy making and regulation, asking how they matter in terms of their representation of individuals. In so doing, it assesses the position of consumer organisations in the UK and Norway in terms both of their institutionalisation, and their intermediation with other political actors. The principal argument is that investigating consumer organisations illuminates the complex and deeply political relationships between states, markets and civil society. More specifically, it argues that despite the fact that consumer organisations have a relatively privileged position in terms of their involvement in decision-making, and that developments in governance have encouraged stakeholder inclusion, they remain largely peripheral to regulatory and policy processes. This undermines the potential collective power of consumers over how markets are regulated. Through a discourse analysis of elite interviews with consumer organisations, regulators and policymakers, it is found that their relevance remains largely dependent on a combination of the ideas, issues and ideologies involved in policy making and regulation. This is despite attempts to ensure that it is consumers’ interests that are seen as paramount in the institutional design of the regulatory state. This thesis, through a thick description analysis of consumer organisations in policy making and regulation, problematizes the development of the regulatory state and the inclusion of consumer interests as a counter-balance to industry and agency pressures. In so doing it offers original insights into some of the variegated political dimensions of contemporary neoliberal capitalism, most specifically the ways in which people are represented in construction of regulation

Mitchell's concept of human freedom

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Philosophy, 198

Henry E. Allen of Dickinson: Germany, World War II

North Dakota Prisoner of War Report by Henry Allen (1925-2010) of Dickinson. Allen was a POW in Germany in the Second World War. 41 page

A Survey of Theories Proposed for the Basis of the Transfer of Training and their Application in Lutheran Religious Education

This paper presents a survey of several of the important theories which have been offered as solutions to the problem of the transfer of training

Anticipating Procedural Innovation: How and When Parties Calibrate Procedure Through Contract

Despite a vast literature on contract theory, scholars are only just scratching the surface of understanding how parties design their contracts in the real world. This shortfall is particularly true of procedural customizations. Contrary to some early commentators’ estimates, in a small but significant set of circumstances, parties engage in a diverse range of procedural customization. To date, however, scholars have struggled to identify and explain the patterns of ex ante procedural contracting. This Article argues that the first step toward understanding how transactional attorneys harness the potential of procedural autonomy is to recognize that procedural customization functions most effectively to offset litigation opportunism. By systematically considering how various forms of customization limit or eliminate litigation opportunism, this Article demonstrates how contract design can be improved through procedural contracting. This Article then advances a typology of procedural innovation that considers the key attributes underlying a transaction, namely the degree of environmental and behavioral uncertainty present and the frequency with which other similar parties contract in the same domain. This typology offers tentative predictions about when and how parties are most likely to calibrate procedure through contract

You Don’t Have to Be Ludwig Wittgenstein’: How Llewellyn’s Concept of Agreement Should Change the Law of Open-Quantity Contracts

In this article, Professor Allen Blair examines the preeminent role of exclusivity in open-quantity contracts under the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”). Although the text of the UCC does not mandate that open-quantity contracts be exclusive, the vast majority of courts considering the issue have held that exclusivity is necessary to prevent such contracts from failing for lack of mutuality of obligation. The Article traces the historic development of open-quantity agreements, focusing on pre-Code cases recognizing the commercial utility of such agreements but struggling with how to accommodate them under a classical model of contract formation. It was in this historic context that courts forged the requirement of exclusivity. Despite the fact that the UCC was intended to supplant rigid notions of contract formation, thus expanding the range of legally enforceable commercial agreements, post-Code courts have remained con- strained by classic contract law and still require exclusivity. This Article argues that by demanding exclusivity in open-quantity agreements, the majority of courts have relied on an outmoded conception of contract formation, which unduly restricts commercial deal-making and ignores the relational benefits at the heart of the UCC and Karl Llewellyn’s concept of agreement

A Survey of Theories Proposed for the Basis of the Transfer of Training and their Application in Lutheran Religious Education

This paper presents a survey of several of the important theories which have been offered as solutions to the problem of the transfer of training