Clinical features of pneumonia in extreme old age

The clinical features of 70 people over the age of 85 with radiologically positive pneumonia were studied. It was shown that the classical presenting symptoms of pneumonia were often absent and 81 % had one or more acute ’geriatric’ features such as acute confusion, recent onset of falls, recent worsening immobility or recent onset of incontinence, at the time of presentation. An increased risk of mortality was associated with acute confusion, dementia, central cyanosis and long term immobility. Well kept body temperature and respiratory rate charts provide a useful early warning of possible pneumonia in very elderly in patients and the finding of a raised body temperature with a raised respiratory rate should always prompt the need to rule out lower respiratory tract infection.peer-reviewe

The formation of the Bible

How could such a diverse group of books written over a period of 1500 years by over 40 different authors from all walks of life on three different continents and in three different languages be included in one single compilation (McDowell, 4)? Yet, this is what the present day Bible consists of The New Testament and the Old Testament were brought together by different means and at different times, but both have been declared complete and exhaustive by the early church and most people today. So, the main question revolves around how these particular sixty-six books (see chart 5) were chosen to be included in the Bible as it appears today. The other area of focus is on the books that were used in the past but did not make it into the present day Bible. These books are referred to as apocryphal books, or noncanonical, as first used by Jerome back in the fifth century AD. (Harrison, 84). Some of these were books that were found in the Septuagint and Latin Bibles, but did not occur in the Hebrew Old Testament (Harrison, 84). This did not mean that these books should be disregarded entirely and not read by any Christian ever again. Instead, it was meant to show that these books should not be regarded as Christian doctrine, but merely used as a source for inspiration or uplifting

Epigenetic marks as the link between environment and development: examination of the associations between attachment, socioeconomic status, and methylation of the SLC6A4 gene.

BackgroundEpigenetic processes act as a link between environment and individual development. This pilot study examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES), attachment, and methylation of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4).MethodsAttachment classification and SLC6A4 methylation was determined in 100 late adolescents. We hypothesized that (1) SES would interact with methylation to predict higher unresolved loss (UL) or trauma scores on the Adult Attachment Interview; (2) across SES, participants with unresolved attachment would have lower levels of methylation than organized or secure participants; and (3) within the unresolved classification, SES would predict methylation.ResultsResults showed that lower methylation and low-SES were associated with higher UL, and higher methylation and low-SES were associated with higher unresolved trauma. Across SES, unresolved participants had lower levels of methylation than organized participants. Within the unresolved category, low-SES unresolved participants had higher levels of methylation than mid/upper-SES participants. SES was unrelated to methylation within the secure and organized categories.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the quality of attachment relationships may impact epigenetic processes

Steve Allen to Walter Lyons

PDF also includes Donna Zink (Secretary to Steve Allen) to Mrs. Lyons, 7/26/1967, (lyons_scrapbook_030)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/lyons/1014/thumbnail.jp

Technical Bulletins: Amendments to the General Law Mayor-Aldermanic Charter (2010)

On July 1, 1991, municipalities operating under the general law mayor-aldermanic charter received a completely revised charter. Since that revision, there have been several amendments to the charter, which are summarized in this publication

Insights from Educational Psychology Part 5: Learning as a Social Act

Educational psychologists have developed several theories on how individuals learn via interactions with others. Prominent ideas that apply to reference librarianship and teaching information literacy are the theory of social constructivism, social-cognitive theory, and socio-cultural theory. These theories’ emphasis on the social aspect of learning underscore why collaborative learning within diverse groups can lead to deeper and broader learning. Techniques for effectively scaffolding student learning are introduced. We highlight the key role of collaboration for students to develop the ability to transfer knowledge, and the Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning technique for developing that ability is described

Insights from Educational Psychology Part 4: Academic Self-Concept and Emotions

Students’ emotions are closely tied to their self-esteem, self-concept, and feelings of self-efficacy. Academic self-concept is specific to the educational context, so a student may be engaged in some academic pursuits but not connect to others. Disidentification from an academic pursuit usually causes withdrawal of effort. Anxiety is the emotion that has received the most attention from educational psychologists and librarians, but students also experience surprise, curiosity, enyoyment, confusion, frustration, and boredom. Confusion can be beneficial to learning if it is resolved before one feels overly frustrated

The short-term influence of cumulative, sequential rainfall-runoff flows on sediment retention and transport in selected SuDS devices

It is necessary to understand Sustainable urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) sediment retention efficiencies to fully comprehend SuDS pollution removal properties and urban sediment movement from source-to sink. This research presents the detention and transport of a single tagged sediment release through four SuDS devices over 12 months, with the aim of quasi-quantifying these selected SuDS devices sediment detention efficiencies. Field monitoring and mass balance analysis of deposited sediment shows that tagged sediment from the single sediment release moves through the monitored SuDS, with deposition declining over the 12-month monitoring period. Initial retention is high (>80% during the first week of monitoring) but falls below 80% after multiple consecutive rainfall-runoff events (events ≤50% ARI). The field monitoring illustrates retention to generally remain above 50%, suggesting that SuDS are highly efficient at retaining urban sediment pollution but that deposition of a single sediment release may resuspend due to cumulative rainfall-runoff events

Establishment and management of switchgrass for forage and biofuel under irrigation

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a warm-season perennial grass that has been grown for seed for more than 30 years in the Columbia Basin. Switchgrass and other selected perennial warm-season grasses (WSG) can also be successfully grown in the hotter, irrigated regions of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) as feedstock for cellulosic biofuel or forage for livestock. Research studies were first established with switchgrass and other WSG at Washington State University Prosser in 2002. More than a decade later, this initial planting of switchgrass remained productive. After the establishment year, sprinkler-irrigated WSG fields were harvested twice per season for biofuel and as many as five times for pasture. By understanding and following the guidelines in this publication, we have maintained relatively dense, productive stands (specific to the species and variety) for years. We recognize switchgrass and many perennial WSG to be "sustainable" when properly managed. To accomplish the goal of long-term sustainable forage and feedstock production, the crop must be established properly, which is the focus of this publication. Variety differences for number of seeds per pound, optimum planting time, weed control practices, growth and development above- and belowground, and establishment year yields of switchgrass under irrigation in the PNW are compared. This publication encapsulates many of our experiences, research results, and recommendations with pre- and post-seeding management and early switchgrass seedling development under irrigation. Guidelines are provided so growers and researchers may avoid critical errors when establishing switchgrass in the irrigated Inland PNW. The goal is to have each planted acre of switchgrass result in a successful stand that overwinters to produce high biomass yields for many years. The principles discussed apply to either forage or biofuel feedstock production when grown under irrigation