Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascularization Type 2 With Pitchfork Sign: A Case Report

Purpose: This study aimed to report a case of peripapillary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with a pitchfork sign. Case Report: A young female presented with a progressive and painless visual blurring of the left eye. Ophthalmoscopic findings and results of optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and fluorescein angiography (FAG) were evaluated. OCT showed subretinal hyperreflective material adjacent to the optic nerve head with multiple vertical finger-like projections extending into the outer retina (pitchfork sign). OCTA revealed that seafan-shaped high-flow vessels above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were compatible with CNV type 2 with a large feeder vessel completely contiguous with the optic nerve. No evidence of ocular or systemic inflammation was found. Conclusion: Pitchfork sign can be seen in CNV type 2 in either inflammatory or noninflammatory conditions

Identifying the Factors Effecting the Personal Concerns of Consumers in Accepting New Products: A Case Study on the Cosmetic Products of Payoon Trading Company

The success of new products is accounted as the superior factor for the accomplishment of companies. The several investigations show that the rate of the failure of new products development has been mentioned as a basic problem in many of companies. One of the reasons of this failure is the high level of concern of the consumers in accepting the new product. The purpose of this research is identifying the effect of these concerns on accepting the new products. This research is practical in terms of purpose and is exploratory survey in terms of methodology. The tool of gathering the information in the stage of identifying the components of personal concerns of consumers is interview and in the stage of testing the hypothesis of research is questionnaire. The population of this research includes consumers of cosmetic product of Payoon trading company. The sample of interview is 23 people and the model of questionnaire is determined by simple random sampling and the formula of determining the volume of Cochran sample is calculated 246 people (the consumers of the products and the expertise). For testing the hypotheses the t-test is used and for ranking these factors the Friedman rating test is used. The results of research show that the fame and reputation has no significant effect on personal concern of users in accepting the new products. Therefore, it has the lowest priority in Friedman rating test. But the other variables including credit, price, product recognition, standards, and ease of use, reliance, and easy accessibility to product have significant effect on personal concerns of consumers in accepting the new product which are mentioned based on the priority of Friedman test

An empirical investigation of International Fisher Effect on 10 Asean countries

In this study the empirical evidence of International Fisher Effect is investigated among ASEAN member countries and assuming Malaysia as the home country. In general the results of this study indicated that exchange rates movements do not follow the International Fisher Effect theory and nominal interest rate differentials cannot completely offset the currency value changes among ASEAN countries in the long run except the fact that this theory is partially held in Malaysia-Indonesia case for the surveyed period

Presumed clomiphene-induced optic neuropathy: A case report

Background: Clomiphene citrate is an estrogen receptor ligand with mixed agonistic–antagonistic properties used for the treatment of female and male infertility. Various visual disturbances and several irreversible visual outcomes have been associated with clomiphene citrate. In this report, we present a patient with presumed clomiphene-induced optic neuropathy. Case: A 33-yr-old man with acute visual loss of the right eye was referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital, Rasht, Iran in November 2018. His only medication was clomiphene citrate 100 mg daily, taken for 2 wk for fertility issues. The patient presented with a sudden decrease of visual acuity in the right eye on the 14th day of starting the treatment and subsequently developed complete loss of inferior visual field within a few days. On examination, the visual acuity was 6/20 in the right and 20/20 in the left eyes, with a right relative afferent pupillary defect and decreased red color saturation. The fundus examination revealed optic disc swelling with venous dilation in the right eye and a normal left fundus with a crowded disc (disc-at-risk). The patient was evaluated for systemic disorders, all of which were normal. Findings were suggestive of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy most likely due to clomiphene. Conclusion: As clomiphene may increase blood viscosity, it is hypothesized that reduced flow in a posterior ciliary artery in conjunction with the disc-at-risk contributes to the anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. It is advised that patients with disc-at-risk be aware of the possible non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and those experiencing visual symptoms while taking clomiphene be examined promptly for evidence of optic nerve injury. Key words: Clomiphene citrate, Optic neuropathy, Visual acuity, Ischemia

Effect of different cooking processes on the fatty acid profile of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets during chill storage

The effects of different cooking methods (deep fat frying, boiling and steaming) on lipid content and fatty acid composition of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets during chill storage were investigated. Fillet samples were cooked and then stored at + 4°C for 4 days. The control and the cooked fillet samples were analyzed for their chemical characteristics. Twelve fatty acids were identified with 39.11, 15.37 and 45.52 g/ 100 g of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) respectively. The n-3/n-6 ratios of raw, deep fried, boiled and steamed samples were 1.12, 0.10, 1.45 and 0.72, respectively. The patterns of changes in fatty acid groups was different in fried, boiled and steamed samples after 1 and 4 days of chill storage. The EPA+DHA/C:16 ratio was higher in boiled and boiled- chill stored samples than steamed and fried samples. EPA+DHA/C:16 ratio for cooked, stored for 1 day and then 4 days were as 0.051, 0.003 and 0.017 for fried, 0.492, 0.583 and 0.489 for boiled and 0.247, 0.037 and 0.149 for steamed samples, respectively. These results showed that the boiled process is better than other cooking processes on the FA pattern of grass cap

The Influence of Electronic Word-of-Mouth on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions and Brand Awareness in Iranian Telecommunication Industry

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is an emerging marketing experience for consumers which impacts their assessment of different existing brands and products such as mobile brands through online communication channels. This study aims to explain the effect of Word of mouth on purchase intention and brand awareness focusing on Samsung cellphone brand. The group studied in the current work is a sample of Samsung customers in Esfahan city in Iran (2015). In this study, for the sake of data collection, a form of descriptive research method is applied. The Statistical sample consists of 384 respondents who accepted to take the survey which was prepared in the form of a questionnaire. According to result analysis, the study showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the electronic word of mouth and purchase intention and there is a significant positive relationship between the awareness of a brand and purchase intention while there was no effective relation found between electronic word of mouth and brand awareness. Base on this, out of the three proposed hypothesis two hypothesis are accepted and one hypothesis is not denied. Keywords: electronic word of mouth, purchase intention, Brand awarenes

Perception of Religious “Other” and the Quality of Its Narration in the Cultural Context of Iran

Human cultural vision in religious rituals and ceremonies of different religions, denominations and sects is of such a difference that this difference sometimes puts them in complete contradiction with each other. Apparently, every religion speaks of the eternal principles that must be followed by that religion’s followers and seeks to raise reasons of the veracity of its own claims as well as the refutation of the claims of other religions in order to prove its own supremacy in the face of the inferiority of the other religions. Today, man needs to have an interpretation and perspective of these diversities and to offer a judgement of their veracity, rightness or deviance may it make the best choice in rational terms. Referring to the ideas of thinkers is one of the methods that can help the humans to identify or mitigate these challenges. Thus, this study aims at assaying the perception of religious other from the point of view of the human scientists. The approach of this research is based on the qualitative method focusing on thematic analysis, data collection through semi-structured interviews as well as the analysis of the findings based on the stages of the thematic analysis. The research field is constituted by the professors of the universities of Tehran city. Sampling process continued in a purposeful manner among the professors of philosophy and sociology up to 8 cases until the theoretical saturation. The results of the research show that religious other within Iranian cultural context includes eight sub themes: Sunni, Zoroastrians, Christians, Jews, Mandaeans, Yarsans, Derwishes and Baha’is

Outcomes of Phaco-viscocanalostomy in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma versus Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma

Purpose: Viscocanalostomy represents an alternative to standard penetrating glaucoma surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of combined phacoemulsification and viscocanalostomy in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) versus eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG). Methods: In this prospective non-randomized comparative study, eyes with cataract and POAG or PEXG were enrolled. Pre- and postoperative data including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the number of antiglaucoma medications administered were recorded at each visit. All patients underwent phacoviscocanalostomy. Complete success was defined as the IOP of 21 mmHg or less without the administration of medication while a qualified success reported the same IOP parameters either with or without the administration of medication. Results: Fifty-four eyes with POAG and fifty-four with PEXG underwent phacoviscocanalostomy. The mean follow-up time was 23.36 ± 8.8 months (range, 6–40 months). The mean postoperative IOP reduced significantly in both groups, although the mean IOP reduction was significantly greater in PEXG eyes (14.7 ± 8.9 vs 10.1 ± 7.7 mmHg) (P = 0.05). At the final follow-up visit, the mean postoperative IOP was 14.1 ± 2.1 and 16.6 ± 3.5 mmHg in the PEXG and POAG eyes, respectively (P = 0.001). A complete success rate of 88.9% and 75.9% was achieved in PEXG and POAG eyes, respectively (P = 0.07). The qualified success rate was 100% in the PEXG and 85.2% in POAG groups (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Phacoviscocanalostomy achieved significant IOP reduction and visual improvement in both POAG and PEXG patients. Our results indicated that in terms of IOP reduction, this procedure was more effective in treating PEXG