EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CULTIVATION AGRO-METHODS ON YIELD AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF VIRGINIA-TYPE AROMATIC TOBACCO VARIETIES

It was talking about the influence of irrigation norms on the productivity of Virginia tobacco varieties and the choice of commodity types in Sheki-Zagatala region. Thus, the highest dry leaf yield is N45P120+20 tons of manure on the background of 120×40 cm in the food field, the 22,2 cent/ha was obtained at 70-80-50% irrigation norm, 24,3 cent/ha was at 70-80-60% irrigation norm, 24,9 cent/ha was at 70-70-60% irrigation norm; in the 110×40 cm food field and 26,4 cent/ha was obtained at 70-80-50% irrigation norm, 27,9 cent per 1 ha was  at 70-80-60% irrigation norm, 26,3 cent/ha was at 70-70-60% irrigation norm; in the 90×40 cm food area 29,5 cent/ha was obtained at 70-80-50% irrigation norm, 30,1 cent/ha was at 70-80-60% irrigation norm, 27,7 cent/ha was at 70-70-60% irrigation norm

CREATION OF THE GEO-INFORMATION MAP OF NATURAL AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS AND REMARKABLE TERRITORIES FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF NONCONVENTIONAL AND TRADITIONAL BRANCHES OF TOURISM IN AZERBAIJAN

In the article the authors describe the creation of geo-information maps with the aim to develop nontraditional and traditional branches of tourism in the Azerbaijan Republic using new information technology

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF THE MINOR CAUCASUS (INCLUDING NAKHCHIVAN IN THE AZERBAIJAN TERRITORY) AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA (DEATH VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE DESERT) FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ECONOMY

In this report authors describe similar peculiarities of landscapes of Azerbaijan and the State of California, USA. Authors present natural features of these territories in order to analyze similarities of landscapes or their elements

Revolutionizing transportation composite structures: lightweight, sustainable, and multi-scale hybrid design through waste tire-driven graphene, hemp fiber, and bio-based overmoulding

The pursuit of lightweight, environmentally friendly composite structures in transportation is crucial for minimizing ecological footprints and promoting energy-efficient manufacturing techniques. This study presents a novel approach by replacing traditional long glass fiber reinforced homopolymer polypropylene (homoPP) compounds with short hemp fiber reinforced homoPP, incorporating graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) derived from recovered carbon black via waste tire pyrolysis, resulting in a remarkable 15% weight reduction. With new compound formulation by adjusting the amounts of compatibilizer and GNP, injection moulding process was integrated with overmoulding process by using bio-based UD prepregs to enhance the adhesion of injected part and interfacial interaction by decreasing the stress concentrations in the structure. This novel hybrid composite design having 40 wt% hemp fiber, 1.0 wt% GNP and 2.7 wt% compatibilizer provided to improve flexural modulus and strength by 169% and 67.9%, respectively, compared to neat homoPP. The overmolding process employed bio-based natural fibers reinforced UD tapes as inserts, leading to an impressive enhancement of 211% in tensile modulus and 93.6% in strength, further surpassing the performance of neat homoPP. This work not only achieves the conversion of conventional composite structures into recyclable, sustainable thermoplastic composites but also introduces multi-scale reinforcements with customizable functionality, demonstrating a significant step forward in the development of environmentally conscious materials and manufacturing methods by adopting Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology regarding the sustainability of the newly developed composites

Recent developments on the overmolding process for the fabrication of thermoset and thermoplastic composites by the integration of nano/micron-scale reinforcements

Overmolding process is one of the growing advanced technologies for fabricating lightweight composite structures used in the aerospace and automotive industries. This technology enables integrating multiple types of reinforcements from macro- to nano-scale in thermoplastic and thermoset matrices and assembling of dissimilar polymeric materials. Besides, this process is well suited to a digitalization of advanced composite manufacturing for complex geometries with outstanding performance and high adaptation to multifunctionality. The present review aims to cover the recent developments in the design and fabrication of thermoset- and thermoplastic-based composite systems via overmolding process under (i) multi-material injection molding and (ii) insert molding technologies with the employment of nano/micron-scale reinforcements. Multi-material injection molding (or over injection) is investigated by considering two or more thermoplastic polymeric systems in a single mold to obtain high structural performance and bonding quality. On the other hand, the insert molding process is evaluated through matrix and reinforcement types to understand the strength and structural integrity during composite manufacturing. The main bottleneck of adhesion strength in the overmolding process is elaborated with the discussion of distributive approaches and offers a new perspective in producing multi-functional composites in a single-step process with design tools

Fabrication methodologies of multi-layered and multi-functional electrospun structures by co-axial and multi-axial electrospinning techniques

Electrospinning emerges as a simple, cost-effective, and highly versatile method used for mass fabrication of continuous ultrafine fibers with the diameter changing from micron- to nanoscale using various polymer types and their blends. Recently, multi-axial electrospinning technique incorporating additional walls in electrospun fiber structures in a single-step process resulted in new generation fibers with unique architecture and morphology. The arrangement of multi-axial spinneret consequences the development of multi-material fibers and other dimensional structures with core/shell, a hollow and side-by-side skeleton which have an uncountable preponderance compared to monolithic structures obtained by conventional electrospinning. These nonwoven multifunctional electrospun structures can gain extra functionality, porosity, chemical stability, and mechanical robustness by adding core and sheath materials, in various applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, filtration, smart textiles, energy storage, and conversion systems. This chapter covers the procurement of multiple core-sheath electrospun fibers and other dimensional structures by co-axial, tri-axial, and side-by-side electrospinning techniques with emphasizing fiber development comprehensively. By providing current developments in the aspect of used techniques, this chapter also provides an understanding of a suitable selection of ideal composition and adjustment of the dimension and configuration of structures during the electrospinning process by considering the end application

Classification of waste plastics for dimension-controlled graphene growth on natural mineral substrates in terms of polymer processing and thermal techniques

Plastic materials have become inevitable daily-life products in modern life due to their low cost, high strength, and suitability for many applications. However, wide utilization of them in many areas causes significant high-volume plastic wastes that threaten the ecosystem, soil, water, and human health. Indeed, recycling is used to decrease the plastic waste amount; however, recycled plastics do not have the same performance as virgin plastic composites. Converting the plastic wastes into high-value-added carbon materials by upcycling provides several benefits because it is an effective method in terms of cost and sustainability. A wide range of waste plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, textile products, organic wastes, and metal wastes are used for upcycling. Moreover, there are few attempts at the growth of carbon-based structures on mineral substrates. Related to recent studies, this chapter focuses on the classification of polyolefin and aromatic polymer-based plastic wastes for the growth of upcycled graphene on natural mineral substrates. In this regard, the impact of both polymer processing techniques and heat-treatment on the chemical, structural, and morphological features of the resultant hybrid additives were comprehended in detail. In addition, an understanding of the influence of polymer backbone on the upcycled graphene growth was provided. Beyond, controlling the dimension of the upcycled graphene growth on natural mineral substrates related to the used mineral size was comprehensively discussed. Consequently, in this chapter, the effect of polymer processing techniques, heat treatment, and mineral size are investigated to choose a selective method for the conversion of plastic wastes into 2D and 3D graphene structures by a circular economy targeted upcycling process in terms of the plastic waste types and their chain length and aromaticity degree

Graphene in automotive parts

The design of lightweight vehicles is a principal keystone to improve fuel efficiency and vehicle performance by reducing adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, the automotive sector focuses on lightweight part production and the replacement of metal parts with composite structures in order to reduce fuel consumption and reach the targeted CO2 emission values defined by the EU regulations. At this point, graphene becomes a solution with a high potential to further reduce vehicle weight and improve mechanical and thermal properties. Graphene shows great potential with several vital applications such as structural and body parts, coatings, tires, electronics, and fluids and fluidic systems. The implementation of graphene in automotive parts aims to reduce the part weight by acting as a co-reinforcement with carbon or glass fibers or minerals. However, there are still challenges in the usage of graphene in the polymer matrix in mass production due to its high cost, aggregation problem, sustainability, and processability. On the other hand, OEMs are expected to gain momentum in the graphene-enhanced composites market and utilize graphene into their part production lines, with the leading graphene suppliers. This chapter addresses the needs of the automotive sector, and the challenges and proposed solutions for manufacturing graphene-enhanced composites and automotive parts. In addition, this chapter explains the usage of graphene in exterior and interior parts by providing the production techniques, and cost-efficient, lightweight and eco-friendly solutions with the specific studies. Also, the selection of an ideal graphene type and the preservation of the structural integrity in the lightweight structures with graphene have a direct impact on the acceleration of graphene commercialization in electric vehicles

Pediatric-Onset Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Multicenter Study

Background: To evaluate the clinical features, demographic features, and treatment modalities of pediatric-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in Turkey. Methods: The clinical data of patients between January 2010 and December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were evaluated according to the Joint Task Force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on the management of CIDP (2021). In addition, patients with typical CIDP were divided into two groups according to the first-line treatment modalities (group 1: IVIg only, group 2: IVIg + steroid). The patients were further divided into two separate groups based on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics. Results: A total of 43 patients, 22 (51.2%) males and 21 (48.8%) females, were included in the study. There was a significant difference between pretreatment and post-treatment modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores (P 0.05); however, a significant decrease was found in the mRS scores of both groups with treatment (P < 0.05). The patients with abnormal MRI had significantly higher pretreatment mRS scores compared with the group with normal MRI (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This multicenter study demonstrated that first-line immunotherapy modalities (IVIg vs IVIg + steroids) had equal efficacy for the treatment of patients with CIDP. We also determined that MRI features might be associated with profound clinical features, but did not affect treatment response