Incorporating Knowledge into Document Summarisation: an Application of Prefix-Tuning on GPT-2

Despite the great development of document summarisation techniques nowadays, factual inconsistencies between the generated summaries and the original texts still occur from time to time. This study explores the possibility of adopting prompts to incorporate factual knowledge into generated summaries. We specifically study prefix-tuning that uses a set of trainable continuous prefix prompts together with discrete natural language prompts to aid summary generation. Experimental results demonstrate that the trainable prefixes can help the summarisation model extract information from discrete prompts precisely, thus generating knowledge-preserving summaries that are factually consistent with the discrete prompts. The ROUGE improvements of the generated summaries indicate that explicitly adding factual knowledge into the summarisation process could boost the overall performance, showing great potential for applying it to other natural language processing tasks

MICROFACIES, DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT, AND DIAGENETIC PROCESSES OF THE MAUDDUD MEMBER, IN THE PERSIAN GULF

Mauddud member with the age of late Albian to Cenomanian is equivalent to the lower Sarvak formation in the southern Persian Gulf and adjacent area. In this work, microfacies, depositional environment, and diagenetic processes affected the Mauddud member in a field in the Persian Gulf are investigated. Based on the studies of available cores and thin sections of 3 wells, five types of microfacies, namely MF1 to MF5, have been identified in the Mauddud member. These microfacies have been deposited in 2 facies belt including a vast lagoon and local bioclastic shoal. Based on the lack of great barrier reefs and calciturbidities and gradual change of microfacies into each other, it is concluded that the Mauddud member was deposited on a shallow marine homoclinal ramp. Several diagenetic processes such as bioturbation, micritization, dissolution, cementation, dolomitizetion, and compaction have influenced this member. Among all, dissolution increased porosity and thereby reservoir quality, while cementation and compaction decreased reservoir characteristics. Finally, it was found out that matrix porosity was the main type of porosity in the studied interval.</span

Chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) nanofibers were isolated from unbleached and bleached pulp by a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments. The chemical methods were based on NaOH-AQ (anthraquinone) and three-stage bleaching (DEpD) processes, whereas the mechanical techniques involved refining, cryo-crushing, and high-pressure homogenization. The size and morphology of the obtained fibers were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the studies showed that the isolated nanofibers from unbleached and bleached pulp had diameters between 10-90 nm, while their length was in the micrometer range. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased in the pulping process and that lignin was almost completely removed during bleaching. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that both pulp types as well as the nanofibers displayed a superior thermal stability as compared to the raw kenaf. Finally, X-ray analyses showed that the chemo-mechanical treatments altered the crystallinity of the pulp and the nanofibers: the bleached pulp had a higher crystallinity than its unbleached counterpart, and the bleached nanofibers presented the highest crystallinity of all the investigated materials

Anesthetic Management in Tibial Fracture of a Known Case of Wolfram Syndrome

Wolfram syndrome is a rare progressive disease with diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness (DIDMOAD). Furthermore, other comorbidities and manifestations accompany this disease. Anesthetic management may be challenging in these cases and need special consideration due to present symptoms, disabilities, and comorbidities. This report presents anesthetic management of a traumatic patient with Wolfram syndrome candidate for orthopedic surgery. The report also discusses manifestation and anesthetic consideration in this population

Inadvertent Transfusion of Two Incompatible Blood Units: A Case Report

Background: An incompatible blood transfusion may lead to hemolytic transfusion reactions and severe complications such as intravascular hemolysis, multiorgan failure, and even death. Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatments have the main roles to decrease transfusion complications. Cases Report: We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with a history of mandibular malignancy and facial reconstruction surgery who needed to blood transfusion due to a hemorrhage around her tracheostomy, and inadvertently 2 units of incompatible blood were transfused. The errors conduce to this issue and consideration to prevent and manage incompatible blood transfusions are discussed. Conclusion: This case showed that an effective technique for recognizing and avoiding transfusion mistakes is staff awareness of the potential errors at the bedside and in the laboratory. Furthermore, patients’ immunological status, early detection, and recognition of blood transfusion manifestation are critical factors for early diagnosis and treatment

Haplotype analysis of hemochromatosis gene polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C virus infection : A case control study

Funding/Support: This study was financially supported by the research council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Grant No. 901012).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A Novel Irrigation System in Percutaneous Renal Surgery

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Mental health status, aggression, and poor driving distinguish traffic offenders from non-offenders but health status predicts driving behavior in both groups

In Iran, traffic accidents and deaths from traffic accidents are among the highest in the world, and generally, driver behavior rather than technical failures or environmental conditions are responsible for traffic accidents. In a previous study, we showed that among young Iranian male traffic offenders, poor mental health status, along with aggression, predicted poor driving behavior. The aims of the present study were twofold, to determine whether this pattern could be replicated among non-traffic offenders, and to compare the mental health status, aggression, and driving behavior of male traffic offenders and non-offenders.; A total of 850 male drivers (mean age =34.25 years, standard deviation =10.44) from Kermanshah (Iran) took part in the study. Of these, 443 were offenders (52.1%) and 407 (47.9%) were non-offenders with lowest driving penalty scores applying for attaining an international driving license. Participants completed a questionnaire booklet covering socio-demographic variables, traits of aggression, health status, and driving behavior.; Compared to non-offenders, offenders reported higher aggression, poorer mental health status, and worse driving behavior. Among non-offenders, multiple regression indicated that poor health status, but not aggression, independently predicted poor driving behavior.; Compared to non-offenders, offenders reported higher aggression, poorer health status and driving behavior. Further, the predictive power of poorer mental health status, but not aggression, for driving behavior was replicated for male non-offenders