SOME REMARKS ON THE CLASSICAL PRIME SPECTRUM OF MODULES

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let M be an R-module. A proper submodule P of M is called a classical prime submodule if abm ∈ P, for a,b ∈ R, and m ∈ M, implies that am ∈ P or bm ∈ P. The classical prime spectrum of M, Cl.Spec(M), is defined to be the set of all classical prime submodules of M. We say M is classical primefule if M = 0, or the map ψ from Cl.Spec(M) to Spec(R/Ann(M)), defined by ψ(P) = (P : M)/Ann(M) for all P ∈ Cl.Spec(M), is surjective. In this paper, we study classical primeful modules as a generalisation of primeful modules. Also we investigate some properties of a topology that is defined on Cl.Spec(M), named the Zariski topology

Beyond IID weights: sparse and low-rank deep Neural Networks are also Gaussian Processes

The infinitely wide neural network has been proven a useful and manageable mathematical model that enables the understanding of many phenomena appearing in deep learning. One example is the convergence of random deep networks to Gaussian processes that enables a rigorous analysis of the way the choice of activation function and network weights impacts the training dynamics. In this paper, we extend the seminal proof of Matthews et al., 2018 to a larger class of initial weight distributions (which we call pseudo-iid), including the established cases of iid and orthogonal weights, as well as the emerging low-rank and structured sparse settings celebrated for their computational speed-up benefits. We show that fully-connected and convolutional networks initialised with pseudo-iid distributions are all effectively equivalent up to their variance. Using our results, one can identify the Edge of Chaos for a broader class of neural networks and tune them at criticality in order to enhance their training. Moreover, they enable the posterior distribution of Bayesian Neural Networks to be tractable across these various initialization schemes

CEMENT TRANSPORTATION LIMITED-FLEET MODELING AND ASSIGNING TO RATED DEMANDS

Summary. Transportation is an inseparable part of the supply chain, with a key role in product distribution. This role is highlighted when ratio of "the cost of transportation" to "the value of goods" such as cement is significant. Iran has recently become one of the main centers of cement production in the world. However, transportation is the most important challenge in cement distribution because of weak structure of the transportation fleet and its independent action. Independence of and lack of commitment on the part of transportation fleets to cement companies as well as lack of timely delivery due to shortage of transportation in some routes and seasons lead to customers` dissatisfaction and even market loss or lack of market development. One of the significant differences between the transportation system in Iran and that in developed countries is lack of complete productivity of the transportation fleet. It means that trucks are driver-based in Iran. This paper introduces a model considering some issues such as driver-based trucks, size of the transportation fleet based on the number of active trucks, and demand priorities in the cement company. Taking the relation between the number of active trucks and the cement company into account, this model assigns weekly demands to the transportation fleet. It also tries to minimize the delay to respond to demands and increases the efficiency of the transportation fleet. Finally, this current condition-based model is compared with two other models including "no constraints on different routes of trucks" as well as single-route model for trucks

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on pain perception and metacognitive beliefs in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Background: The most common, costly, and debilitating functional gastrointestinal disorder is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on metacognitive beliefs and pain problems in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and a three-month follow-up with the control group. All patients with irritable bowel syndrome at Tehran Shariatee Hospital were included in the statistical population. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups using the purposive sampling method. Before the intervention, the pre-test was held, after which the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Then, the post-test was administered and after three months of post-test implementation, the follow-up period was performed. The research tools included a metacognitive beliefs questionnaire and pain understanding. Data analysis was performed by SPSS.22 software and univariate variance analysis.  Results: The experimental group was 33.6 (7.8) years old, while the control group was 35.9 (8.4) years old. Both groups were homogenous in terms of gender, age and marital status. The findings showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on metacognitive beliefs (P<0.01) and pain affect (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in treating metacognitive beliefs and pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and that it can be used to help these patients

Joint User Association and UAV Location Optimization for Two-Tired Visible Light Communication Networks

In this paper, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs)-assisted visible light communication (VLC) has been considered which has two tiers: UAV-to-centroid and device-to-device (D2D). In the UAV-to-centroid tier, each UAV can simultaneously provide communications and illumination for the centroids of the ground users over VLC links. In the D2D tier, the centroids retransmit received data from UAV over D2D links to the cluster members. For network, the optimization problem of joint user association and deployment location of UAVs is formulated to maximize the received data, satisfy illumination constraint, and the user cluster size. An iterative algorithm is first proposed to transform the optimization problem into a series of two interdependent sub problems. Following the smallest enclosing disk theorem, a random incremental construction method is designed to find the optimal UAV locations. Then, inspired by unsupervised learning method, a clustering algorithm to find a suboptimal user association is proposed. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme on average guarantees the users brightness 0.77 lux more than their threshold requirements. Moreover, the received bitrate plus number of D2D connected users under our proposed method is 50.69% more than the scenario in which we have RF Link instead of VLC link and do not optimize UAV location.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, conferenc

Effect of Positive Mindfulness and Emotion-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Fibromyalgia Patients’ Response to Stress and Subjective Well-Being

AbstractIntroduction: Fibromyalgia disease has a considerable effect on anxiety disorders such as subjective well-being. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of positive mindfulness therapy (PMT) and emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (EFCBT) in fibromyalgia patients’ response to stress and subjective well-being.Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design, and a control group. The statistical population included 160 women with fibromyalgia, visiting Red Cross affiliated physiotherapy clinics in Tehran in 2020. The sample consisted of 60 patients with fibromyalgia selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups (PMT and EFCBT) and a control group (n= 20 per group). Data were collected using the Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI) and the Subjective Well-Being Scale. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were confirmed. Data were analyzed at descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS software version 20.Results: The results showed that the PMT produced significant improvements in subjective well-being and response to stress (P = 0.001) in patients with fibromyalgia. Furthermore, EFCBT was effective in improving subjective well-being and response to stress (P = 0.001) in the patients compared to the control group. The results did not imply a significant difference between the two treatment interventions.Conclusions: PMT and EFCBT were effective in reducing response to stress and improving subjective well-being in patients with fibromyalgia. Based on the results, holding PMT and EFCBT workshops may exert beneficial effects on reducing response to stress and increasing subjective well-being in patients with fibromyalgia. According to the results, using positive mindfulness therapy and emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing response to stress and improving subjective well-being in patients with fibromyalgia

Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Multi-IRS-Aided Indoor 6G Networks

In this paper, we propose a distributed intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted single-user and multi-user millimeter wave (mmWave) system. Then, we formulate the resource allocation problem as an optimization to maximize energy efficiency under individual quality of service (QoS) constraints. We first propose a centralized algorithm, and further, a low-complexity distributed one where the access point (AP) and IRSs independently adjust the transmit beamforming of AP, the phase shifts, and the on-off status of IRSs in an alternating manner until the convergence is reached. In a multi-user scenario, in the first stage, the successive convex approximation (SCA) and fractional programming (FP) approaches are applied to achieve a solution for optimization subproblems of the phase-shift coefficients and element on-off status of IRSs. Then, for the beamforming subproblem, a modified nested FP approach is proposed that finds an optimal solution for the beamforming vectors of AP. Our performance analysis on a practical scenario shows that the proposed centralized and distributed approach respectively enhances the energy efficiency by up to 55%, 42% for single-user, and up to 984% for multi-user scenarios, in comparison to the case where the on-off status and phase-shift coefficients of IRS elements are not selected optimally

Investigating the Mediatory Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs in the Relationship between Self-Perception, Peer Support, and Subjective Well-Being in Visually Impaired Teenagers

Background: Subjective well-being is considered as one of the most important measures for the health of a society, and it refers to emotional improvement to be able to enjoy life. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the mediatory role of self-efficacy beliefs in the relationship between self-perception, peer support, and subjective well-being in visually impaired teenagers. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation performed by path analysis. The statistical population included all female students with visual impairment in Kermanshah city and 176 of which were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. The research instruments included Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), the Self-Concept Scale, the Peer Support Questionnaire, and Self-Efficacy Beliefs Questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS software. Results: The results showed that all the direct paths, except for the path from self-perception to subjective well-being, were significant (P= 0.0001). Moreover, the indirect paths through self-efficacy beliefs to subjective well-being were also significant (P= 0.0001). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the proposed model had a good fit, and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting the subjective well-being of adolescents with visual impairment. Keywords: Visual impairment, Subjective well-being, Self-perception, Peer support, Self-efficacy beliefs

Investigating the Mediatory Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs in the Relationship between Self-Perception, Peer Support, and Subjective Well-Being in Visually Impaired Teenagers

Background: Subjective well-being is considered as one of the most important measures for the health of a society, and it refers to emotional improvement to be able to enjoy life. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the mediatory role of self-efficacy beliefs in the relationship between self-perception, peer support, and subjective well-being in visually impaired teenagers. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation performed by path analysis. The statistical population included all female students with visual impairment in Kermanshah city and 176 of which were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. The research instruments included Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), the Self-Concept Scale, the Peer Support Questionnaire, and Self-Efficacy Beliefs Questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS software. Results: The results showed that all the direct paths, except for the path from self-perception to subjective well-being, were significant (P= 0.0001). Moreover, the indirect paths through self-efficacy beliefs to subjective well-being were also significant (P= 0.0001). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the proposed model had a good fit, and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting the subjective well-being of adolescents with visual impairment. Keywords: Visual impairment, Subjective well-being, Self-perception, Peer support, Self-efficacy beliefs

Association between neutrophil geletinase-associated lipocalin and iron deficiency anemia in children on chronic dialysis

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and associated with higher risk of death. Neutrophil geletinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a small 25 kDa glycoprotein, a member of lipocalin superfamily that released at the response of cellular stress from different cells. In addition, NGAL was studied as an iron regulatory glycoprotein and regulator of iron related gene. The aim of the current study was to determine any association between serum NGAL and body iron status markers in children on chronic dialysis. Materials and Methods: This correlation study was carried out between May 2012 and May 2013 and evaluated all dialysis patients less than 19 years in pediatric dialysis centers in Isfahan that didn’t have exclusion criteria. They were 40 children, including 23 persons on hemodialysis (HD) and 17 persons dialyzed by peritoneal dialysis (PD). Furthermore, we selected 40 children as healthy controls. We examined the relationship between plasma NGAL levels and indices of anemia such as ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and serum iron (SI) in dialysis children. Results: Serum NGAL level in children on chronic dialysis (group including both PD and HD patients) was significantly higher than healthy controls (P = 0.008). Furthermore, in this group Serum NGAL level had inverse correlation with TSAT (P = 0.04, r = −0.22), SI (P = 0.04, r = −0.2), white blood cells (P = 0.045, r = −0.26) and serum ferritin (P = 0.006, r = −0.3). In addition, HD patients had higher serum NGAL level than PD patients (P = 0.048). Conclusion: High serum NGAL level in low TSAT group demonstrated that NGAL probably has an important role in IDA in children on chronic dialysis; therefore, it can be a new marker for diagnosis of IDA in CKD