Analyse polysystémique des sous-titres français du film de Woody Allen : Broadway Danny Rose (1984)

This study looks at the different factors involved in the objective analysis of a translated movie. There is an emphasis on the sociocultural features of the American and French societies to show that analyzing a translation is not bound to the linguistic aspects of a language. This is done within the scope the polysystem theory (Itamar Even-Zohar and Gideon Toury) because it takes into account all translation-related institutions and norms, and in the evaluation of a translation, the target culture is in a primary position. However, in the case of subtitled movies, it is impossible to ignore the ever-present source. Therefore, the scope of the polysystem theory is broadened with the domestication and foreignization theory (Lawrence Venuti) since it allows in the study of a translation, the consideration of the socio-cultural facts in the source culture and the context of the target culture. (Abstract shortened by UMI.

The effect of conflict on the performance of employees in two educational institutions in Ghana

Undergraduate thesis submitted to the Department of Business Administration, Ashesi University, in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration, May 2020Conflict is an unavoidable part of every institution. Educational institutions are saddled with conflicts among employees and sometimes with management which invariably influence their overall output. At the workplace, it is important that measures are put in place to ensure employees are comfortable and happy in their work environment to function well. The purpose of this study is to explore how unresolved conflicts between employees in educational institutions affect productivity. This study identifies some causes of conflict in two educational institutions (universities) and suggests possible ways of effectively resolve them for improved sustainable productivity. A qualitative research method was used, whereby semi structured interviews were conducted to collect data for analysis. The participants were asked certain question to determine the causes of conflict, and how they manage it. In analyzing the results, the responses were grouped into themes and then examined according to the questions asked during the interview. Based on the results, it was determined that a common cause of conflict in educational institutions is poor communication. With regards to managing conflict, it was determined that people prefer to talk to the other party and would only involve a third person if they are not able to solve the issue. Another reason they would also involve a third person is if the person is a colleague or an employer they are not friendly with. I recommend that superiors in educational institutions should be approachable, and should also provide a formal complaint process that employees can use when they have any issues.Ashesi Universit

Reducing Complexity of Diagnostic Message Pattern Specification and Recognition with Semantic Techniques

Different companies in the same line of business can have similar computer systems with built-in diagnostic routines, and the ability to regularly send error-driven or event-driven environmental diagnostic messages in XML back to the system manufacturer. The system manufacturer typically uses these to determine faults in the system. The outcome of this troubleshooting can also assist end-users and clients in solving problems, and provide the production team valuable information that can be used to improve future versions of the product. A company merger could lead to the same team processing diagnostic messages from similar but different products, in different syntax, leading to the complexity of specifying and maintaining diagnostic message pattern specification and recognition for many different syntaxes. This research reduces the above complexity by extending ISO Schematron, the industry standard language for XML semantic constraints specification and validation, with conceptual rules. Pace University Knowledge Graphs are used to describe the concepts or classes relevant to the diagnostic messages of a system, and the new conceptual Schematron rules are introduced to specify diagnostic patterns on these concepts. Such conceptual diagnostic patterns are then converted automatically into concrete Schematron rules based on the syntax of the specific diagnostic messages. A complete prototype was designed and implemented to validate this new methodology

Les médias numériques des diasporas africaines en France. Mapping des pratiques informationnelles et communicationnelles

Ce document synthétise les résultats d’une recherche en ligne sur les pratiques médiatiques des diasporas africaines en France. Définies comme processus de production, de circulation de l’information et de communication au sein d’une communauté, les pratiques médiatiques sont étudiées à travers les outils numériques (sites Web et réseaux sociaux) de différents acteurs issus du continent africain. L'objectif étant de dresser une cartographie des productions médiatiques numériques, la démarche de l’étude a consisté prioritairement à analyser les caractéristiques extérieures. Grâce à une analyse thématique de contenu, l’étude relève les éléments caractérisant la typologie des médias, le profil des promoteurs, la typologie des fonctions et aussi les sujets qui sont abordés. On en tire une connaissance sur la diversité et la pluralité des médias sur la base de leur nature, de leurs contenus, des acteurs qui les déploient ainsi que des publics qui sont ciblés. Cependant, l’étude aborde également la question des enjeux (économiques, sociaux et politiques) dans lesquels sont impliqués ces médias. Elle montre ainsi que, qu’ils soient portés pas des institutions, des groupes ou des individus, les médias sont tributaires de l’économie numérique qui commande et explique les stratégies de positionnement, les formats adoptés ainsi que les contenus informationnels et socioculturels proposés. Les promoteurs des médias numérisés sont par ailleurs ceux qui disposent d’un capital culturel et moral leur permettant de proposer des produits à une population diasporique transnationale. L’analyse des fonctions révèle par ailleurs que les médias diasporiques sont des plateformes sur lesquelles les membres échangent activement les uns avec les autres pour formuler des idées qui ont un impact significatif sur l'environnement des migrants africains en France et dans les affaires sociales, économiques et politiques de leurs pays d’origine. Ils affirment une volonté de devenir des acteurs incontournables de la diffusion en France et à l’international des informations relatives à l’Afrique. Ils poursuivent ainsi un triple objectif : celui d’équilibrer le flux d’informations internationales en actualité africaine, celui de participer à l’émergence d’une nouvelle approche dans le traitement de l’information relative à l’Afrique dans le monde, et celui de constituer une sorte d’opinion publique internationale qui leur vaut l’instrumentalisation dont ils sont l’objet par les acteurs politiques et institutionnels ainsi que par ceux de la société civile des pays d’origine. Plusieurs difficultés ont été relevées, tant dans l’identification même de ces médias que dans celle de leurs promoteurs. La représentation des médias est par ailleurs très inégale entre les aires linguistiques et les régions du continent, le corpus analytique étant constitué en grande partie des médias des pays francophones de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Le manque d’entretiens avec les entrepreneurs médiatiques peut être également considéré comme un manquement dans la mesure où le parti pris de se laisser instruire sur les pratiques médiatiques des diasporas au travers des contenus de leurs médias n'a pas permis d'approfondir l'analyse des enjeux. Malgré ces limites, cette étude constitue une photographie crédible des médias diasporiques et sans doute une contribution importante à la connaissance des pratiques numériques des Africains de France étant donné que, comme le montre l’état de l’art, aucune étude systématique et englobant tous les ressortissants du continent n’existe pas à ce jour

Forecasting, warning, and detection of malaria epidemics: a case study.

Our aim was to assess whether a combination of seasonal climate forecasts, monitoring of meteorological conditions, and early detection of cases could have helped to prevent the 2002 malaria emergency in the highlands of western Kenya. Seasonal climate forecasts did not anticipate the heavy rainfall. Rainfall data gave timely and reliable early warnings; but monthly surveillance of malaria out-patients gave no effective alarm, though it did help to confirm that normal rainfall conditions in Kisii Central and Gucha led to typical resurgent outbreaks whereas exceptional rainfall in Nandi and Kericho led to true malaria epidemics. Management of malaria in the highlands, including improved planning for the annual resurgent outbreak, augmented by simple central nationwide early warning, represents a feasible strategy for increasing epidemic preparedness in Kenya

Exploratory study for identifying systemic biomarkers that correlate with pain response in patients with intervertebral disc disorders

Molecular events that drive disc damage and low back pain (LBP) may precede clinical manifestation of disease onset and can cause detrimental long-term effects such as disability. Biomarkers serve as objective molecular indicators of pathological processes. The goal of this study is to identify systemic biochemical factors as predictors of response to treatment of LBP with epidural steroid injection (ESI). Since inflammation plays a pivotal role in LBP, this pilot study investigates the effect of ESI on systemic levels of 48 inflammatory biochemical factors (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) and examines the relationship between biochemical factor levels and pain or disability in patients with disc herniation (DH), or other diagnoses (Other Dx) leading to low back pain, which included spinal stenosis (SS) and degenerative disc disease (DDD). Study participants (n = 16) were recruited from a back pain management practice. Pain numerical rating score (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and blood samples were collected pre- and at 7 to 10 days post-treatment. Blood samples were assayed for inflammatory mediators using commercial multiplex assays. Mediator levels were compared pre- and post-treatment to investigate the potential correlations between clinical and biochemical outcomes. Our results indicate that a single ESI significantly decreased systemic levels of SCGF-beta and IL-2. Improvement in pain in all subjects was correlated with changes in chemokines (MCP-1, MIG), hematopoietic progenitor factors (SCGF-beta), and factors that participate in angiogenesis/fibrosis (HGF), nociception (SCF, IFN-alpha2), and inflammation (IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TRAIL). Levels of biochemical mediators varied based on diagnosis of LBP, and changes in pain responses and systemic mediators from pre- to post-treatment were dependent on the diagnosis cohort. In the DH cohort, levels of IL-17 and VEGF significantly decreased post-treatment. In the Other Dx cohort, levels of IL-2Ralpha, IL-3, and SCGF-beta significantly decreased post-treatment. In order to determine whether mediator changes were related to pain, correlations between change in pain scores and change in mediator levels were performed. Subjects with DH demonstrated a profile signature that implicated hematopoiesis factors (SCGF-beta, GM-CSF) in pain response, while subjects with Other Dx demonstrated a biomarker profile that implicated chemokines (MCP-1, MIG) and angiogenic factors (HGF, VEGF) in pain response. Our findings provide evidence that systemic biochemical factors in patients with LBP vary by diagnosis, and pain response to treatment is associated with a unique profile of biochemical responses in each diagnosis group. Future hypothesis-based studies with larger subject cohorts are warranted to confirm the findings of this pilot exploratory study