Research of the Additional Losses Occurring in Optical Fiber at its Multiple Bends in the Range Waves 1310nm, 1550nm and 1625nm Long

Article is devoted to research of the additional losses occurring in the optical fiber at its multiple bends in the range waves of 1310 nanometers, 1550 nanometers and 1625 nanometers long. Article is directed on creation of the external factors methods which allow to estimate and eliminate negative influence. The automated way of calculation of losses at a bend is developed. Results of scientific researches are used by engineers of "Kazaktelekom" AS for practical definition of losses service conditions. For modeling the Wolfram|Alpha environment - the knowledge base and a set of computing algorithms was chosen. The greatest losses are noted on wavelength 1310nm and 1625nm. All dependences are nonlinear. Losses with each following excess are multiplicative

Thromboembolic prophylaxis protocol with warfarin after radiofrequency catheter ablation of infarct‐related ventricular tachycardia

IntroductionAblation in the left ventricle (LV) is associated with a risk of thromboembolism. There are limited data on the use of specific thromboembolic prophylaxis strategies postablation. We aimed to evaluate a thromboembolic prophylaxis protocol after ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation.Methods and resultsThe index procedures of 217 patients undergoing ablation for infarct‐related VT with open irrigated‐tip catheters were included. Patients with large LV endocardial ablation area (>3 cm between ablation lesions) were started on low‐dose, slowly escalating unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusion 8 hours after access hemostasis, followed by 3 months of anticoagulation. Patients with less extensive ablation were treated only with antiplatelet agents postablation. Postablation bridging anticoagulation was used in 181 (83%) patients. Of them, 11 (6%) patients experienced bleeding events (1 required endovascular intervention) and 1 (0.6%) experienced lower extremity arterial embolism requiring vascular surgery. Systemic anticoagulation was prescribed in 190 (89%) of 214 patients discharged from the hospital (warfarin in 98%), while the rest received single‐ or dual‐antiplatelet therapy alone. Patients treated with an anticoagulant had significantly longer radiofrequency time compared to patients treated with antiplatelet agents only. One (0.5%) of the patients treated with oral anticoagulation experienced major bleeding 2 weeks postablation. No thromboembolic events were documented in either the anticoagulation or the “antiplatelet only” group postdischarge.ConclusionA slowly escalating bridging regimen of UFH, followed by 3 months of oral anticoagulation, is associated with low thromboembolic and bleeding risks after infarct‐related VT ablation. In the absence of extensive ablation, antiplatelet therapy alone is reasonable.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143666/1/jce13418.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143666/2/jce13418_am.pd

A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL PELA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS NO CASO FAZENDA BRASIL VERDE VS. BRASIL

O presente artigo tem por finalidade analisar a condenação do Brasil pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no caso Fazenda Brasil Verde vs. Brasil, a qual foi a primeira sentença da Corte a respeito do trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Neste sentido, pretende-se, sobretudo, compreender os motivos pelos quais o país foi condenado. Para tanto, visa-se inicialmente analisar o conceito de trabalho escravo contemporâneo ou trabalho em condições análogas à escravidão e depois, verificar o desenvolvimento histórico de proteção contra o trabalho escravo a partir da legislação nacional e dos tratados e convenções internacionais. Por fim, objetiva-se analisar a sentença da Corte no caso em questão, de forma a compreender os fatos que levaram o caso ao Tribunal, identificar as vítimas, verificar as violações de direitos humanos cometidas pelo Brasil e o conteúdo da sentença condenatória. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o qualitativo, a partir da análise do caso concreto, e exame de fontes bibliográficas e documentos legais

Effect of Systemic Hypertension With Versus Without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on the Progression of Atrial Fibrillation (from the Euro Heart Survey).

Hypertension is a risk factor for both progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) and development of AF-related complications, that is major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). It is unknown whether left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a consequence of hypertension is also a risk factor for both these end points. We aimed to assess this in low-risk AF patients, also assessing gender-related differences. We included 799 patients from the Euro Heart Survey with nonvalvular AF and a baseline echocardiogram. Patients with and without hypertension were included. End points after 1 year were occurrence of AF progression, that is paroxysmal AF becoming persistent and/or permanent AF, and MACCE. Echocardiographic LVH was present in 33% of 379 hypertensive patients. AF progression after 1 year occurred in 10.2% of 373 patients with rhythm follow-up. In hypertensive patients with LVH, AF progression occurred more frequently as compared with hypertensive patients without LVH (23.3% vs 8.8%, p = 0.011). In hypertensive AF patients, LVH was the most important multivariably adjusted determinant of AF progression on multivariable logistic regression (odds ratio 4.84, 95% confidence interval 1.70 to 13.78, p = 0.003). This effect was only seen in male patients (27.5% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002), while in female hypertensive patients, no differences were found in AF progression rates regarding the presence or absence of LVH (15.2% vs 15.0%, p = 0.999). No differences were seen in MACCE for hypertensive patients with and without LVH. In conclusion, in men with hypertension, LVH is associated with AF progression. This association seems to be absent in hypertensive women

Delayed rhythm control of atrial fibrillation may be a cause of failure to prevent recurrences: reasons for change to active antiarrhythmic treatment at the time of the first detected episode

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