Identification and validation of novel prostate cancer biomarkers

Prostate cancer (PCa) has emerged as the most commonly diagnosed lethal cancer in European men. PCa is a heterogeneous cancer that in the majority of the cases is slow growing: consequently, these patients would not need any medical treatment. Currently, the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from blood by immunoassay followed by digital rectal examination and a pathological examination of prostate tissue biopsies are the most widely used methods in the diagnosis of PCa. These methods suffer from a lack of sensitivity and specificity that may cause either missed cancers or overtreatment as a consequence of over-diagnosis. Therefore, more reliable biomarkers are needed for a better discrimination between indolent and potentially aggressive cancers. The aim of this thesis was the identification and validation of novel biomarkers for PCa. The mRNA expression level of 14 genes including AMACR, AR, PCA3, SPINK1, TMPRSS2-ERG, KLK3, ACSM1, CACNA1D, DLX1, LMNB1, PLA2G7, RHOU, SPON2, and TDRD1 was measured by a truly quantitative reverse transcription PCR in different prostate tissue samples from men with and without PCa. For the last eight genes the function of the genes in PCa progression was studied by a specific siRNA knockdown in PC-3 and VCaP cells. The results from radical prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy samples showed statistically significant overexpression for all the target genes, except for KLK3 in men with PCa compared with men without PCa. Statistically significant difference was also observed in low versus high Gleason grade tumors (for PLA2G7), PSA relapse versus no relapse (for SPON2), and low versus high TNM stages (for CACNA1D and DLX1). Functional studies and siRNA silencing results revealed a cytotoxicity effect for the knock-down of DLX1, PLA2G7, and RHOU, and altered tumor cell invasion for PLA2G7, RHOU, ACSM1, and CACNA1D knock-down in 3D conditions. In addition, effects on tumor cell motility were observed after silencing PLA2G7 and RHOU in 2D monolayer cultures. Altogether, these findings indicate the possibility of utilizing these new markers as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and they may also represent therapeutic targets for PCa.Siirretty Doriast

Malmquist Productivity Index Using Two-Stage DEA Model in Heart Hospitals

International audienceHeart patients displays several symptoms and it is hard to point them. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) provides a comparative efficiency degree for each decision-making units (DMUs) with several inputs and outputs. Evaluating of hospitals is one of the major applications in DEA. In this study, a comparison of additive model with standard input oriented and output oriented Malmquist productivity index (MPI) are used. The MPI is calculated to measure productivity growth relative to a reference technology. Two primary subjects are addressed in computation of MPI growth. What are generally referred to as a "catching-up" effect or technical efficiency change (TEC) and a "frontier shift" effect or technological change (TC). The data covers a six-year span from 2011 to 2016 for 15 local heart hospitals. Two inputs, one intermediate element and two outputs are chosen in two-stage model and these factors reflect the main function of hospitals. Conversion of two-stage to single stage model is introduced. This model is proposed to fix the efficiency of a two-stage process, and avoid the dependence to various weights. Finally, the results indicated that geometry average of MPI in input oriented pure technical efficiency (PTE) in the tenth Hospital (2.1517) is introduced as the highest performance hospital with highest productivity growth

O crime evidente e suas conseqüências no direito penal do Irã

One of the phenomena in the area of rights is the variety of crimes. Lawyers divide crimes into different categories in order to resolve the issue with fail judge. One of the main divisions is evident and non-evident crimes. Despite Many attempts for defining evident crime there is not any obvious definition, even in the criminal procedure approved in 2013, only types of it mentioned in Article 45. Regarding, proving the evident and non-evident crime is only possible under the Criminal Procedure Act of approved in 2013, since the investigation and prosecution of crime is often carried out by judicial officers, and even judicial authority interfere in proceeding prosecutions since crime is evident and reasons against defendant are more, and the gathering of evidence and analysis of them is more easier than non-evident crimes, the Iran's Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2013, is similar to other countries, due to strong evidences against defendant and his/her venture, has given special authorities to judicial officers, and does not deem observing certain formalities necessary, which may be there will be a serious breach of the restriction and violation of the rights and freedoms of individuals. This research is a descriptive-analytic study to investigate this issue in Criminal Procedure Code approved in 2013. The results shows that evident crimes are committed in presence of judicial officers, and other crime are categorized as non-evident or semi-evident crimes. Even citizenship rights focuses on rights of defendant in evident crimes which is stipulated in the law, but does not have a specific enforcement guarantee, and finally, the Iranian judicial system in defining punishment of crimes has legal vacuum.Uno de los fenómenos en el área de los derechos es la variedad de los delitos. Lawyers divide crímenes en diferentes categorías para resolver el problema con fallas de cuenta. Una de las principales divisiones es evidente y no-crímenes. En el caso de que se trate de un delito y de un crimen ilícito, sólo es probable que, en el caso de la infracción del procedimiento, de la investigación y de la persecución del crimen es frecuentemente realizada por los tribunales judiciales, y la autoridad judicial judicial interfiere en el proceso de persecución desde el crimen es evidente y las razones contra el defensor son más, y la reunión de la evidencia y el análisis de estos son más en el caso de que se trate de un delito de violación de los crímenes de los derechos humanos, el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, , que puede estar en una breve brecha de la restricción y la infracción de los derechos y las freedoms de individuales. Esta investigación es un estudio descriptivo-analítico para investigar este problema en el procedimiento de procedimiento de procedimiento previsto en el 2013. Los resultados muestran que los delitos se vinculan en presencia de los tribunales judiciales, y otros delitos se categorizan las no-evidentes o los semi-crímenes. La mayoría de los derechos de los derechos de derechos de defensa de los crímenes que se han estrechado en la ley, pero no tienen una aplicación específica de la seguridad, y finalmente, el sistema judicial de gobierno en caso de castigos de los crímenes ha legal limpio.Um dos fenômenos na área dos direitos é a variedade de crimes. Advogados divididos em diferentes categorias, a fim de resolver o problema com juiz de falha. Uma das principais divisões é evidente e crimes não evidentes. Apesar de muitas tentativas para definir evidente que não há qualquer definição óbvia crime, mesmo no processo penal aprovada em 2013, a apenas tipos do mesmo mencionado no artigo 45. A respeito, comprovando o crime evidente e não-evidente só é possível sob a Lei de Processo Penal de aprovado em 2013, uma vez que a investigação e repressão do crime é muitas vezes realizada por oficiais de justiça, e até mesmo autoridade legal interfira em processos processo desde o crime é evidente e Razões contra réu são mais, e a recolha de provas e análise deles é mais Mais fácil do que crimes não-evidentes, Direito Processual Penal do Irão aprovado em 2013, é semelhante a outros países, devido às fortes evidências contra réu e seu / sua venture, tem dado especial tribunal Autoridades oficiais, e não considerem observar certas formalidades Necessary , que pode ser que haja uma violação grave da restrição e violação dos direitos e liberdades dos indivíduos. Esta pesquisa é um estudo descritivo-analítico para investigar esta questão no Código de Processo Penal aprovado em 2013. Os resultados mostram evidente que os crimes são cometidos na presença de oficiais de justiça, e outros crimes são classificados como crimes não-evidentes ou semi-evidente. Mesmo versa sobre os direitos dos direitos de cidadania dos réus em crimes evidentes estipulado que está na lei, mas não tem uma garantia de execução específica, e, finalmente, o sistema de justiça iraniana na definição de punição de crimes têm vazio jurídico

Antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of methanol extract of Hyssopus angustifolius

This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of Hyssopus angustifolius flower, stem and leaf methanol extracts by employing various in vitro assays. The leaf extract showed the best activity in DPPH (63.2 ± 2.3 μg mL-1) and H2O2  (55.6 ± 2.6 μg mL-1) models compared to the other extracts. However, flower extract exhibited the highest Fe2+ chelating activity (131.4 ± 4.4 μg mL-1). The extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity in linoleic acid peroxidation and reducing power assays, but were not comparable to vitamin C. The stem (23.58 ± 0.7 μg mL-1) and leaf (26.21 ± 1 μg mL-1) extracts showed highest level of antihemolytic activity than the flower extract

A Survey of Retracted Articles from Three OIC Member Countries (Iran, Turkey, & Egypt) in the Web of Science (WoS)

The present study examines the retracted articles from three OIC member countries (Iran, Turkey, and Egypt) in the Web of Science (WoS). All articles from Iran, Turkey, and Egypt, published in the journals indexed in the WoS and retracted due to scientific misconduct, consisted of the research population. This analytical survey examined the retracted articles regarding research areas, periods, cumulative citations, and names of collaborating authors and countries by country, discipline, and field via scientometrics. With 38%, Iran has the most retracted articles in various fields and scientific fields. Most of the retracted articles are related to basic sciences, medicine, and engineering, respectively. In the analysis of statistics, the publisher of retracted articles, in Iran, Turkey, and Egypt, we can name two countries, the United States and the United Kingdom, which are among the publishers with many publishing activities in all countries. Considering that the number of retracted articles globally has increased significantly, informing researchers and those involved in scientific journals and regular monitoring of citation performance of journals can prevent similar events in the future.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.16.

Optimization of the Allowable Speed on Iran’s Freeways to Reduce Violations and Accidents, Using Zero-Truncated Poisson Regression Model

Countries from all over the world including Iran, consider different maximum allowable speeds to control and maintain traffic safety on their freeways, but these actions have not been successful even with the police surveillance. Even though speeding is not the only cause of accidents, past studies indicate that speed plays a vital role in such events. Since respecting the speed limits have not prevented driving violations and traffic accidents, there’s doubt among decision-makers, about the applicability and safety of these legal speed limits in different weather and traffic conditions. They think perhaps there is a need for an optimized and safe speed after doing required studies. Even in the police instructions and notifications in unfavorable weather conditions, the word “safe speed” is used more than the “legal speed” and its limit is not mentioned and its determination is assigned to drivers according to their mental and physical conditions, type of vehicle, and the weather condition. This matter leads to uncertainty for drivers in selecting the right speed.This research is intended to achieve a safe and optimized speed for freeways in Iran, by considering a reasonable adjustment which is acceptable by the drivers so that a substantial decrease in driving violations and accidents could be observed. This work is done by using models developed for predicting violations and accidents on Iran’s freeways. The results indicate that by reducing the allowable speed of freeways from 125km/h to 105km/h, a 48% and 23% reduction of violations and traffic accidents could be achieved

Investigating the Effects of Authentic Leadership of Managers on Organizational Commitment of Teachers with Organizational Justice as the Mediator Variable

The present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the fit of the presented model for the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational commitment of staff with a mediating role of organizational justice. The population of the research included all the teachers in high schools (for male students) in Education district 2 in Qom city. From the population, 300 individuals were selected through cluster sampling. For gathering the data, authentic leadership questionnaire (Avolio et al., 2007), organizational justice questionnaire of Niehoff & Moorman (1993), and Allen & Meyer's Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (2002) were used. For analyzing the data, structural equation modeling – fit indices and path coefficients – was used. The results of the analysis showed that authentic leadership has a direct and significant effect on the organizational commitment of teachers. Also, authentic leadership has an indirect effect, through organizational justice, on organizational commitment. The other finding of the research is that organizational justice has a direct and significant effect on organizational commitment of teachers, and the offered conceptual model has a significant statistical fit, that means the explanatory model for organizational commitment based on authentic leadership and organizational justice has fitness with empirical data. Finally, based on the information obtained from structural equations model, it can also be said that all the components existing in the 3 variables of the research have positive and significant relationships with one another

Presenting a fuzzy model for fuzzy portfolio optimization with the mean absolute deviation risk function

The main purpose of this paper is portfolio optimization with the use of fuzzy method based on the mean absolute deviation risk function in firms listed in Tehran Stock Market. In the present research, for the purpose of fuzzy portfolio optimization the stock portfolio Value at Risk criterion and for calculation of this value the parametric method and for fuzzy optimization also the Hybrid intelligent algorithms (genetic algorithms and neural networks) have been used. For selecting the portfolio with 15 during the research time span (2005-2011) fuzzy optimization based on the following six criteria were used including Asymmetric Value at Risk, Symmetric Value at Risk , Interval Value at Risk (interval of 5%-95%), Interval Value at Risk (interval of 10%-90%), and Normal Value at Risk. Since the calculated probability ratio statistic Kupiec based on fuzzy optimization for the 6 above mentioned models is larger than the obtained critical value from chi-square distribution at the confidence level of 95%, the research hypothesis stating that the application of fuzzy optimization method improves the efficiency of portfolio in the actual world problems with lack of certainty was confirmed. Also, the results of the Kupiec probability ratio statistic indicate that the model of value at risk based on the mean absolute deviation risk function (MVAR) is more successful and have less failure comparing to other models, hence; the research hypothesis stating that fuzzy variables have a higher ability in modeling asymmetric uncertainties in financial domains is also confirmed