A utilização dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos de riachos do município de Vilhena – RO na confecção de cartilhas de educação ambiental

Many teachers doesn’t have didatic materials that reflect the reality in which the student is inserted to work environmental issues, for example the importance of preserving water bodies and riparian vegetation. In this sense, the present work aimed to make handbooks for Environmental Education to be distributed in digital format in schools of Vilhena - RO. This material was manufactured with photos and information about aquatic macroinvertebrates, data on some physico-chemical parameters and the degree of human action surrounding the stream which is located near the IFRO, câmpus of Vilhena. As these freshwater organisms can reflect the degree of environmental preservation of the stream and its surroundings, this materials intended to assist teachers in environmental sensitization dynamic of the students in front of the issue of preservation of water bodies and riparian vegetation, since the guides were made of organisms collected in the city of Vilhena and students living a similar reality of those who will use it, it facilitates the formation of environmental awareness.Muitos professores carecem de material didático que refletem a realidade na qual o aluno está inserido para trabalhar temas ambientais, como por exemplo, a importância de se preservar corpos d’água e a mata ciliar. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou a construção de cartilhas de Educação Ambiental para serem distribuídas no formato digital nas escolas da cidade de Vilhena – RO. Esse material foi confeccionado com fotos e informações sobre os macroinvertebrados aquáticos, informações sobre algumas variáveis físico-químicas da água e o grau de ação antrópica do entorno do riacho o qual está localizado próximo ao IFRO (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia) campus de Vilhena. Como esses organismos de água doce conseguem refletir o grau de preservação ambiental do riacho e do seu entorno, este material visa auxiliar os professores em dinâmicas de sensibilização ambiental dos alunos ante a temática da preservação de corpos d’água e da mata ciliar, já que os guias foram confeccionados com material coletado na cidade de Vilhena e por estudantes que vivem uma realidade semelhante daqueles que a utilizarão, isso facilita a formação de uma consciência ambiental

Biocompatibility of Doped Semiconductors Nanocrystals and Nanocomposites

Exposure of humans and environment to nanocrystals are inevitable, and nanotoxicological analyses are a requirement. The wide variety of nanocrystals with different applications is increasing, and characterization of their effects after exposure includes their potential toxicity and uses. This review summarizes the characterization of doped nanocrystals and nanocomposites, Ca-doped ZnO, Ag- and Eu-doped ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO NCs, their biocompatibility and applications. This review uncovers how these nanocrystals present desirable biocompatible properties, which can be useful as antitumoral and antimicrobial inducing agents, which differ markedly from toxic properties observed in other general nanocrystals

Nanocomposite of Ag-Doped ZnO and AgO Nanocrystals as a Preventive Measure to Control Biofilm Formation in Eggshell and Salmonella spp. Entry Into Eggs

Salmonella spp. is an important foodborne agent of salmonellosis, whose sources in humans often include products of avian origin. The control of this bacterium is difficult especially when Salmonella spp. is organized into biofilms. We hypothesized that the novel nanocomposites of ZnO nanocrystals doped with silver (Ag) and silver oxide (AgO) nanocrystals (ZnO:Ag-AgO) synthesized by the coprecipitation method could control or prevent the formation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) biofilm and its entry into turkey eggs. The diffraction characteristics of ZnO and AgO showed sizes of 28 and 30 nm, respectively. The Zn to Ag substitution into the ZnO crystalline structure was evidenced by the ionic radius of Ag+2 (1.26 Å), which is greater than Zn+2 (0.74 Å). For the SE analyses post-biofilm formation, the ZnO:Ag-AgO was not able to eliminate the biofilm, but the bacterial load was lower than that of the control group. Additionally, SE was able to infiltrate into the eggs and was found in both albumen and yolk. For the SH analyses applied onto the eggshells before biofilm formation, the ZnO:Ag-AgO treatment prevented biofilm formation, and although the bacterium infiltration into the eggs was observed in all treated groups, it was significantly smaller in ZnO:Ag-AgO pre-treated eggs, and SH could not reach the yolk. There was no difference in pore size between groups; therefore, the inhibition of biofilm formation and the prevention of bacterium entry into the egg were attributable to the use of ZnO:Ag-AgO, which was not influenced by the egg structure. Although the amount of Ag and Zn in the shell of the ZnO:Ag-AgO group was greater in relation to the control, this difference was not detected in the other egg components. In the search for new measures that are effective, safe and viable for controlling microorganisms in poultry farming, the application of a nanocomposite of Ag-doped ZnO and AgO nanocrystals appears as an alternative of great potential to prevent Salmonella sp biofilms in eggshells and other surfaces

Acquired enamel pellicle protects gastroesophageal reflux disease patients against erosive tooth wear

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formed in vivo in patients with or without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and with or without erosive tooth wear (ETW). Twenty-four volunteers were divided into 3 groups: 1) GERD and ETW; 2) GERD without ETW; and 3) control (without GERD). The AEP formed 120 min after prophylaxis was collected from the lingual/palatal surfaces. The samples were subjected to mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS) and label-free quantification by Protein Lynx Global Service software. A total of 213 proteins were identified, or 119, 92 and 106 from each group, respectively. Group 2 showed a high number of phosphorylated and calcium-binding proteins. Twenty-three proteins were found in all the groups, including 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta and 1-phosphatidylinositol. Several intracellular proteins that join saliva after the exfoliation of oral mucosa cells might have the potential to bind hydroxyapatite, or participate in forming supramolecular aggregates that bind to precursor proteins in the AEP. Proteins might play a central role in protecting the dental surface against acid dissolution

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Atividade antimicrobiana de microrganismos probióticos em bebidas lácteas fermentadas

A produção de alimentos minimamente processados e a redução do uso de aditivos químicos tem sido uma tendência das indústrias para atender o mercado consumidor, que busca alimentos mais saudáveis. Todavia, os produtos lácteos são excelentes meios para o crescimento de microrganismos patogênicos e/ou deteriorantes. Estudos relatam que as bactérias láticas (LAB) probióticas adicionadas em produtos lácteos fermentados produzem componentes orgânicos antimicrobianos, que podem atuar como inibidores de crescimento desses microrganismos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano in vitro de bactérias láticas comerciais (Lactobacillus casei Lc-1 e Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5) sobre leveduras (Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryii, Candida edax, Cryptococcus albidus e Cryptococcus laurentii) e em bebidas lácteas. A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro das culturas La-5 e Lc-1 foram avaliadas em três testes: 1) células probióticas, 2) sobrenadante livre de células e seu concentrado, 3) sobrenadante neutralizado e seu concentrado neutralizado. No teste in situ foram produzidas bebidas lácteas fermentadas por La-5 e Lc-1 inoculadas com C. albidus e Lc-1 somente inoculada com C. laurentii. Nas bebidas lácteas foram realizadas análises físico-químicas, para determinar os teores de sólidos totais, pH, acidez titulável, e microbiológicas para verificar a viabilidade das bactérias láticas, durante 60 dias de estocagem refrigerada. Os ensaios com células em diferentes concentrações não apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana. O sobrenadante livre de células, sobrenadante concentrado, sobrenadante neutralizado e sobrenadante concentrado neutralizado de La-5 e Lc-1 apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana sobre C. albidus, e Lc-1 também para C. laurentii. A presença da levedura influenciou o valor de pH e a acidez durante a estocagem refrigerada...The production of minimally processed foods and the reduction of the use of chemical additives has been a tendency of industries to meet the demand of the consumer market that seek healthier foods. However, dairy products are an excellent media to the growth of pathogenic and/or deteriorating microorganisms. Studies report that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotic added in fermented dairy products produce antimicrobials organics components, which can act as inhibitors of the growth of these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect in vitro of commercial lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei Lc-1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5) against yeasts (Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryii, Candida edax, Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus laurentii), and in whey beverage. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of cultures La-5 and Lc-1 were evaluated in three tests: 1) probiotic cells, 2) cell-free supernatant, concentrated supernatant, 3) neutralized supernatant and neutralized concentrated supernatant. The in situ study produced whey beverages fermented by La-5 and Lc-1 and inoculated with C. albidus and only Lc-1 inoculated with C. laurentii. In whey beverages samples, physicochemical analysis to determine the total solids, pH, acidity and microbiological characteristics to verify the viability of lactic acid bacteria during 60 days of refrigerated storage were carried out. The tests with cells in different concentrations did not show antimicrobial activity. The cell-free supernatant, concentrated supernatant, neutralized supernatant and neutralized concentrated supernatant of La-5 and Lc-1 showed activity against C. albidus and Lc-1 against C. laurentii either. The presence of the yeast influenced the pH and acidity during refrigerated storage, and affected the fermentation time. There was inhibition of growth of yeast in fermented whey... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Leuconostoc mesenteroides SJRP55 isolada de mussarela de búfala: perfil probiótico e bacteriocinogênico

Lactic acid bacteria are an important group for food industry, being commonly used in food fermentation. Leuconostoc mesenteroides can show interesting technological properties in food application, such as probiotic potential and bacteriocins production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55 and its application in fermented milk, and to characterize, purify and identify the bacteriocins produced by this microorganism. In the evaluation of probiotic potential and viability in presence of medicaments, the culture showed resistance to stress conditions (acid and bile salts) and it was also able to deconjugate bile salts. The tolerance to NaCl was temperature dependent, as well as the results obtained for the aggregation assays. Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55 presented good adhesion properties (co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity and adherence to Caco-2 cells), demonstrated β–galactosidase activity and it was sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics. However, some analgesic drugs inhibited the growth of this strain. Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55, in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus TA040, showed viability in fermented milk during the storage conditions. During the evaluation of production of antimicrobial substances, Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55 produced antibacterial compounds with strong inhibition against Listeria spp. strains and no inhibition against Lactobacillus spp. The antimicrobial substances were stable to high temperatures, low pH values, in presence of chemical compounds, but sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and resistant to α-amylase, lipase and catalase enzymes. The optimal temperature for antimicrobial compounds production was 25°C. The compounds showed slight bactericide effect against Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes strains and reduced one log cycle of viable ...As bactérias acidoláticas formam um grupo de grande importância para as indústrias de alimentos, sendo comumente utilizadas em produtos fermentados. Leuconostoc mesenteroides pode apresentar propriedades tecnológicas interessantes para aplicação em alimentos, tais como o potencial probiótico e a produção de bacteriocinas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil probiótico de Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55 e aplicá-lo em leites fermentados, além de caracterizar, purificar e identificar as bacteriocinas produzidas por esse micro-organismo. Na avaliação do potencial probiótico e da viabilidade na presença de medicamentos, a cultura mostrou resistência às condições de estresse (ácido e sais biliares) e também foi capaz de desconjugar sais biliares. A tolerância ao NaCl foi dependente da temperatura, assim como a capacidade de agregação. Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55 mostrou boas propriedades de adesão (co-aggregação, hidrofobicidade, aderência às células Caco-2), presença da enzima β–galactosidase e sensibilidade à maioria dos antibióticos testados. No entanto, alguns medicamentos analgésicos inibiram o desenvolvimento desta cepa. Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55 em co-cultura com Streptococcus thermophilus TA040 apresentou viabilidade durante o período de estocagem dos leites fermentados. Na avaliação da produção de substâncias antimicrobianas, Lc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP55 produziu compostos com ampla inibição sobre cepas de Listeria spp., mas não para espécies de Lactobacillus spp. Os compostos antimicrobianos foram estáveis em altas temperaturas, em baixos valores de pH, e na presença de compostos químicos, foram sensíveis a enzimas proteolíticas e resistentes a α-amilase, lipase e catalase. A temperatura ótima de produção do composto foi 25°C. As substâncias antimicrobianas apresentaram um leve efeito bactericida sobre ...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 in the presence of Williopsis saturnus var. suaveolens

Maintaining the viability of probiotic microorganisms from production to consumption has long been a technological challenge for the food industry. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro interaction between Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Williopsis saturnus var. suaveolens and the effect of this yeast on acidification kinetics, viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and post-acidification in fermented milk during refrigerated storage at 5 °C. The in vitro study showed a positive interaction between the acid cell free-supernatant (CFS) of probiotic bacteria La-5 and the yeast. The addition of W. saturnus var. suaveolens increased the fermentation time due to consumption of the organic acids produced by L. acidophilus. During the refrigerated storage of the samples, the presence of the yeast increased the viability of L. acidophilus and reduced post-acidification. However, the mechanism of such interaction of bacteria and yeast is not fully understood