Estudio in vitro de recubrimientos de vidrio bioactivo depositados mediante proyección térmica por plasma atmosférico

This research has addressed a complete study of the bioactivity of bioactive glass coatings obtained by atmospheric plasma spraying. The coatings have been characterized in terms of microstructure, adhesion, crystalline phases and bioactivity. Hydroxycarbonate apatite formation was also monitored following a standard protocol and the in vitro cell response was evaluated by human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) incubation. The obtained coatings shown a microstructure typical of glass coatings. A simulated body fluid test proved that coatings are capable of developing a surface layer of hydroxycarbonate apatite whereas the appearance of this phase takes place at a longer time than that observed for the powder feedstock. Cell-culture test showed multidirectional growth of MG-63 cells which promoted good contact between cells and the surface of the coating. This study has confirmed a positive effect of the coatings in terms of surface bioactivity and, more interestingly, it has proven an adequate cell-material interaction on the coating surface.Este trabajo ha abordado un estudio completo de la bioactividad de recubrimientos de vidrio bioactivo depositados mediante proyección térmica por plasma atmosférico. Se han caracterizado la microestructura, la adherencia, las fases cristalinas y la bioactividad de los recubrimientos obtenidos. También se ha estudiado la formación de hidroxiapatita carbonatada siguiendo un protocolo estándar y se ha evaluado la respuesta in vitro de los recubrimientos mediante su incubación con osteoblastos humanos (células MG-63). Los recubrimientos obtenidos han mostrado una microestructura típica de recubrimientos de vidrio. Tras la inmersión en fluido biológico simulado, se ha comprobado que el recubrimiento es capaz de desarrollar una capa superficial de hidroxiapatita carbonatada, aunque la velocidad de aparición de esta capa es menor que la observada para el polvo de vidrio de partida. El ensayo de cultivo celular ha mostrado un crecimiento multidireccional de las células MG-63, dando lugar a un buen contacto entre las células y la superficie del recubrimiento. Este estudio ha confirmado un efecto positivo de los recubrimientos en términos de bioactividad de la superficie y, lo que es más interesante, ha demostrado una adecuada interacción célula-material sobre la superficie del recubrimiento

Antibacterial 45S5 Bioglass®-based scaffolds reinforced with genipin cross-linked gelatin for bone tissue engineering

45S5 Bioglass® (BG) scaffolds with high porosity (>90%) were coated with genipin cross-linked gelatin (GCG) and further incorporated with poly(p-xylyleneguanidine) hydrochloride (PPXG). The obtained GCG coated scaffolds maintained the high porosity and well interconnected pore structure. A 26-fold higher compressive strength was provided to 45S5 BG scaffolds by GCG coating, which slightly retarded but did not inhibit the in vitro bioactivity of 45S5 BG scaffolds in SBF. Moreover, the scaffolds were made antibacterial against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using polyguanidine, i.e. PPXG, in this study. Osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) were seeded onto PPXG and GCG coated scaffolds. PPXG was biocompatible with MG-63 cells at a low concentration (10 μg mL−1). MG-63 cells were shown to attach and spread on both uncoated and GCG coated scaffolds, and the mitochondrial activity measurement indicated that GCG coating had no negative influence on the cell proliferation behavior of MG-63 cells. The developed novel antibacterial bioactive 45S5 BG-based composite scaffolds with improved mechanical properties are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering

Biodegradable Polylactide Supraparticle Powders with Functional Additives for Biomedical Additive Manufacturing

Abstract Additive manufacturing, in particular powder bed‐based fabrication processes hold promise to revolutionize biomedical engineering for the ability to provide customized, functional implants, for example as bone replacement materials. However, providing functional powder particles that unify material requirements for biodegradable and bioactive biomaterials and process requirements to enable successful powder bed fusion remains an unmet challenge. Here, a supraparticle‐based approach to create biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and composite powders for the additive manufacturing of bone replacement materials is introduced. Colloidal binary Ca‐SiO2 glasses and hydroxyapatite are incorporated as bioactive functional additives to support the formation of bone‐like calcium phosphate. The supraparticle powders are prepared by a scalable spray‐drying process, which offers control of particle size, shape, and composition. All process‐relevant powder characteristics are analyzed as a function of composition and structure, including flowability, thermal, and melt rheological properties. The optimized supraparticle powders are successfully used in the process of laser powder bed fusion of polymers to prepare macroscopic specimens via additive manufacturing. It is demonstrated that the material combination of the composites provides relevant functional properties, including biodegradation and bioactivity. The process provides a flexible and adjustable toolbox for the design of functional powders toward biomedical additive manufacturing

Pulse electrodeposition and characterization of non-continuous, multi-element-doped hydroxyapatite bioceramic coatings

Multi-element-modified bioactive hydroxyapatite (mHAp) coatings were developed onto commercial titanium alloy material (Ti6Al4V) in clusters. The coatings were prepared by applying pulse current deposition technique. The pure HAp layer was doped and co-deposited with Ag+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+ ions. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed in simulated body fluid (SBF) using three-electrode open cell over a long time period to assess the corrosion properties of bioceramic coatings. The biocompatible characteristics of layers were investigated by seeding osteoblast-like MG-63 cells onto the samples’ surface. The morphology and structure of coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) while cross-sectional analyses were carried out by focused ion beam (FIB). The elemental composition of coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The biocompatible measurements revealed enhanced bioactivity of modified HAp compared to uncoated implant materials and pure HAp bioceramic coating. The corrosion tests confirmed that the coatings were biodegradable

Influence of dissolution products of a novel Ca-enriched silicate bioactive glass-ceramic on VEGF release from bone marrow stromal cells

This study evaluated the influence of ionic dissolution products of a novel Ca-enriched silicate bioactive glass compared to commercial available hydroxyapaptite samples (Endobonr) on cell activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release in vitro. Bone marrow stromal cells (ST-2) were cultivated with the supernatant of granules of different sizes and at different concentrations (0-1 wt/vol % of granules) for 48 h. In addition to in vitro studies, Ca-ion release from all as cell morphology observation revealed no cytotoxic effect of the released products from all tested materials. It was found that supernatants from granules in concentrations of 1 wt/vol %enhanced the VEGF release from ST2 cells, which is important as a marker of the vascularisation ability of the glass during the bone healing process.Peer reviewe

Sol–gel processing of novel bioactive Mg-containing silicate scaffolds for alveolar bone regeneration

Periodontal tissue regeneration is an important application area of biomaterials, given the large proportion of the population affected by periodontal diseases like periodontitis. The aim of this study was the synthesis of a novel porous bioceramic scaffold in the SiO2–CaO–MgO system with specific properties targeted for alveolar bone tissue regeneration using a modification of the traditional foam replica technique. Since bioceramic scaffolds are considered brittle, scaffolds were also coated with gelatin in order to increase their mechanical stability. Gelatin was chosen for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-cost, and low immunogenicity. However, gelatin degrades very fast in water solutions. For this reason, two different cross-linking agents were evaluated. Genipin, a non-toxic gardenia extract and the chemical compound 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in combination with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), which is also considered non-toxic. The results of the investigation indicated that all scaffolds presented an open, interconnected porosity and pores' sizes in the range of 300–600 μm, fast apatite-forming ability, biocompatibility, and suitable mechanical stability

Osteoblast and osteoclast responses to A/B type carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone regeneration

International audienc

Development and characterization of multi-element doped hydroxyapatite bioceramic coatings on metallic implants for orthopedic applications

Multi-element modified bioactive hydroxyapatite bioceramic (mHAp) coatings were successfully developed onto surgical grade titanium alloy material (Ti6Al4V). The coatings were prepared by pulse current deposition from electrolyte containing adequate amounts of calcium nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at 70 C. The pure HAp layer was doped and co-deposited with Ag, Zn, Mg, Sr ions. The biocompatible properties of layers were investigated by seeding osteoblast-like MG-63 cells onto the samples’ surface. The biocompatible measurements revealed enhanced bioactivity of modified HAp compared to uncoated implant materials and pure bioceramic coating. The morphology and structure of coatings and cells were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) as well as FT-IR and XRD measurements. The biodegradable properties of samples were investigated by electrochemical potentiodynamic measurements. Resumen: Se han desarrollado con éxito recubrimientos biocerámicos de hidroxiapatita bioactiva modificada con multi-elementos (mHAp) sobre soportes de titanio de grado quirúrgico (Ti6Al4V). Los recubrimientos se depositaron con la técnica de la corriente pulsada a partir de electrólitos con cantidades adecuadas de nitrato de calcio y dihidrogenofosfato de amonio a 70 °C. La capa de HAp pura se dopó y co-depositó con iones Ag, Zn, Mg,Sr. La biocompatibilidad de las capas se investigó mediante siembra de células de MG-63, similares a los osteoblastos, en la superficie de las muestras. Los resultados de los ensayos de biocompatibilidad revelaron una bioactividad mejorada de la HAp modificada en comparación con materiales de implante no revestidos y de revestimiento biocerámico puro. La morfología y estructura de los revestimientos y las células fueron caracterizadas mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), espectrometría de dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDX), así como mediante mediciones de FT-IR y DRX. La biodegradabilidad de las muestras se investigó mediante ensayos potenciométricos dinámicos. Keywords: Coatings, Microstructure, Corrosion, Bioceramics, Palabras clave: Recubrimientos, Microestructura, Corrosión, Biocerámica