ANTIDIABETIC STUDY OF COMBINATION OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (BURM. F.) WALLICH. EX NEES. HERBS EXTRACT AND GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA LAMK. LEAVES EXTRACT IN OBESE DIABETIC MICE MODEL

Objective: This research was to investigate the activity of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and Guazuma ulmifolia extract (GUE) in treating obesity integrated diabetic conditions.Methods: There were two stages of inductions: the first stage was a 42 d of high carbohydrate intake (obese with insulin resistance mice model), followed by second stage induction by giving of alloxan 50 mg/kg bw intravenously (obese diabetic mice model). Animals with glucose level>200 mg/dl were then treated with metformin 195 mg/kg bw, glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kg bw, APE 2 g/kg bw, GUE 0.5 g/kg bw, combination of APE 1 g/kg bw and GUE 0.25 g/kg bw, or combination of APE 2 g/kg bw and GUE 0.5 g/kg bw for 14 d.Results: The results showed that APE alone, GUE alone, and the combination of APE 2 g/kg bw and GUE 0.5 g/kg bw could improve insulin sensitivity in obese with insulin resistance mice model. Whereas the combination of APE 2 g/kg bw and GUE 0.5 g/kg bw could significantly decrease blood glucose level and body weight (p<0.05) in obese diabetic mice model compare to APE alone, GUE alone, or a combination of APE 1 g/kg bw and GUE 0.25 g/kg bw.Conclusion: It is concluded that APE 2 g/kg bw, GUE 0.5 g/kg bw, and combination of APE 2 g/kg bw and GUE 0.5 g/kg bw can improve insulin resistance conditions caused by obesity, while combination of APE 2 g/kg bw and GUE 0.5 g/kg bw has the best activity in treating obese diabetic conditions.Â

Aktivitas Antihiperlipidemia Ekstrak Buah Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Emulsi Lemak

Hiperlipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor penyakit kardiovaskular dengan angka kematian di dunia cukup tinggi. Buah okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) merupakan salah satu sayuran yang berpotensi dapat digunakan sebagai antihiperlipidemia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek antihiperlipidemia dan dosis optimal dari ekstrak air buah okra pada tikus galur wistar yang diinduksi emulsi lemak. Tikus putih jantan galur wistar berumur 2-3 bulan dengan bobot 150-200 gram dibagi secara merata menjadi 6 kelompok yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok simvastatin 10 mg/kg BB, kelompok ekstrak air buah okra dosis 50, 100, dan 200 mg/kg BB. Induksi hiperlipidemia dilakukan dengan pemberian emulsi lemak. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 35 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan LDL, dapat dilihat bahwa pemberian ekstrak air buah okra dengan dosis 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan LDL secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif. Ekstrak air buah okra pada dosis 100 mg/kg BB memiliki aktivitas dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan LDL

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STUDY OF ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA LEAVES AND CENTELLA ASIATICA HERBS AND ITS COMBINATIONS USING HUMAN RED BLOOD CELL-MEMBRANE STABILIZATION METHOD

Objective: Inflammation is body reactions in response to tissue injury and infection. In 2011, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was thehighest demand drug in Indonesia. However, long-term treatment using NSAID can cause several side effects to cardiovascular and digestive system.This research aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory properties of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia) and pegagan herbs (Centella asiatica).Methods: Ethyl alcohol extract of A. cordifolia leaves and C. asiatica herbs was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory properties using human redblood cell (RBC) – membrane stabilization assay. The extract concentrations used in this study was 100, 200, 400, and 800-ppm, and apigenin andasiaticoside concentration were 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 100 ppm. Diclofenac natrium (DN) was used as a standard drug.Results: The results showed that A. cordifolia extract (ACE) alone, C. asiatica extract (CAE) alone, and the combination of ACE and CAE could inhibit thehemolysis of RBC in hypotonic solution. The optimum concentration for ACE alone was 100 ppm; for CAE alone was 400 ppm; and for the combinationof ACE and CAE was 50 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively. Apigenin and asiaticoside in concentration of 1-10 ppm showed more than 97% inhibition ofhemolysis. DN as a standard drug showed optimum inhibition at concentration of 400 ppm.Conclusion: The ethyl alcohol extract of A. cordifolia leaves and C. asiatica herbs showed anti-inflammatory activity, both as a single treatment or ascombinations, and apigenin and asiaticoside were responsible for anti-inflammatory activity in C. asiatica.Keywords: Anti-inflammation, Human red blood cell – membrane stabilization, Anredera cordifolia, Centella asiatica

Antidiabetic Activities of Muntingia Calabura L. Leaves Water Extract in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Animal Models

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by increasing blood glucose levels caused by insufficiency of insulin hormone production and activities. There are significant increases in DM case every year in Indonesia, as a consequent, alternative and better drug is needed to be developed. One of the plants that were often used as traditional medicine for DM in Indonesia was Muntingia carabula L. (kersen) leaf. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antidiabetes activity of M. carabula leaves.METHODS: This study was conducted in vivo by evaluating the antidiabetic activity of M. carabula leaf water extract on two animal models, those are insulin deficiency and insulin resistant model animal. The insulin deficiency animal model was developed by aloxan administration at dose of 50 mg/Kg body weight (bw) intravenously. While the insulin resistance animal model was developed by lipid emulsion administration at dose of 0.42 mL/20 grams bw orally. Both groups were randomly devided into 6 groups, which are negative control group, positive control group, standard drug group (glybenclamide 0.65 mg/Kg bw or  metformin 135 mg/Kg bw), and extract groups at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg bw. Parameters which were evaluated are fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels for insulin deficiency models and values of constant of insulin tolerance (KITT) for insulin resistant models.RESULTS: In insulin deficient model group, administration of glibenclamide lower the FBG by 43%, furthermore, the extract of M. calabura at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg bw also lower the FBG by 13%, 22% and 29%, subsequently. In insulin resistant models, metformin increased the value of KITT from less than 0.5 to 2.91, and administration of the extract at doses of 400, 200 and 100 mg/Kg bw also increased the KITT value to 2.31, 1.57, 1.13, respectively.CONCLUSION: The conclusion was M. carabula leaves water extract with dose of 400 mg/Kg bw had the antidiabetic activities with mechanisms to lower blood glucose level, regenerate pancreatic β cells, and increase insulin sensitivity.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, kersen leaves, Muntingia calabura L., insulin deficiency, insulin resistanc

SCREENING OF ASHITABA (ANGELICA KEISKEI K.) COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS KASA INHIBITORS

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global issue, mainly owing to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of the disease's causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The current standard of treatment for tuberculosis entails a prolonged course of antibiotics with toxic side effects and is accompanied by low patient compliance. Therefore, developing and discovering TB medications is critical to obtaining TB drugs that are more effective and sensitive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei K.) has reported that Ashitaba extract and chalcone have anti-TB properties, but the responsible compound has not been reported yet. This study aimed to identify the profile metabolites present in Ashitaba and their interaction with Mycobacterium tuberculosis KasA. Methods: To suggest these, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamic to predict the interactions of 40 selected compounds from the Ashitaba against Mycobacterium tuberculosis KasA (PDB ID 2WGE). Results: The results of molecular docking identified the top two compounds as xanthoangelol I (XAI) and (2E)-1-[4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-2-propanyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (4HH), with bond free energies of-12.03 and-11.87 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the results of molecular dynamics simulations, the XAI was stronger than 4HH in stabilizing complexes with 2WGE with total energy (ΔGbind, MMGBSA) of-54.8512 and-37.8836 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that xanthoangelol I (XAI) have the most potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis KasA

Penambatan Molekul dan Dinamika Molekul beberapa Fitokimia dari Acalypha Indica L. sebagai Inhibitor Matriks Metalloproteinase9

Berbagai efek farmakologis telah dikaji terhadap ekstrak dan islolat dari Acalypha Indica L. terutama terkait dengan aktifitas anti kanker. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP9 merupakan contoh yang sangat baik dari kelompok proteinase terpenting yang terlibat dalam sel metastatic/kanker. MMP9 telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai macam penyakit, termasuk sistem pernapasan, sistem autoimun, dan bahkan kanker. Maka dari itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan senyawa pemandu dari beberapa fitokimia Acalypha Indica L. yang bertanggung jawab dalam migrasi sel dengan menggunakan penambatan molekul dan dinamika molekul. Ligan ditambatkan ke situs aktif struktur kristal MMP9 (PDB ID: 5UE4) menggunakan aplikasi AutoDock Release 4.2.6. Proses penambatan molekul divalidasi dengan melakukan penambatan ulang ligan alami pada sisi aktif MMP9. Selanjutnya, menggunakan GROMACS dilakukan simulasi dinamika molekul (MD) ditandem dengan algoritma gmx_MMGBSA dan gmx_MMGBSA_ana untuk menghitung energi ikatan dan kontribusi residu terhadap terhadap kestabilan kompleks. Hasil menunjukkan hanya satu ligan dari 36 ligan yang dievaluasi tidak mampu berikatan dengan sisi aktif MMP9, dan enam dari ligan mampu mengikatnya lebih negatif daripada ligan alami. Kompleks dengan ligan S54 dan S56 yang memiliki energi paling negatif tetapi dari sisi parameter lainnya, kompleks S56 paling stabil. Dapat disimpulkan, g-sitosterol asetat (S56) memiliki potensi untuk berfungsi sebagai senyawa pemandu untuk MMP

PEMBINAAN KADER DALAM ASUHAN MANDIRI TOGA DI BENDEGA

Primary Health Care (PHC) adalah kontak pertama individu, keluarga, atau masyarakat  dengan sistem pelayanan kesehatan. PHC bertujuan untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas. Di Indonesia, PHC memiliki 3 (tiga) strategi utama, yaitu kerjasama multisektoral, partisipasi masyarakat, dan penerapan teknologi. Salah satu peran keluarga dalam PHC yaitu TOGA dalam apotek hidup sebagai bahan baku utama dalam manajemen pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit termasuk yang berhubungan dengan gejala COVID-19. Kader Posyandu yang sehari-harinya berinteraksi dalam mendampingi ibu dalam membangun kesehatan keluarga juga menjadi sosok yang berperan dalam program asuhan mandiri keluarga yang telah dicanangkan pemerintah dalam perwujudan PHC tersebut. TABSTRAKPrimary Health Care (PHC) adalah kontak pertama individu, keluarga, atau masyarakat  dengan sistem pelayanan kesehatan. PHC bertujuan untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas. Di Indonesia, PHC memiliki 3 (tiga) strategi utama, yaitu kerjasama multisektoral, partisipasi masyarakat, dan penerapan teknologi. Salah satu peran keluarga dalam PHC yaitu TOGA dalam apotek hidup sebagai bahan baku utama dalam manajemen pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit termasuk yang berhubungan dengan gejala COVID-19. Kader Posyandu yang sehari-harinya berinteraksi dalam mendampingi ibu dalam membangun kesehatan keluarga juga menjadi sosok yang berperan dalam program asuhan mandiri keluarga yang telah dicanangkan pemerintah dalam perwujudan PHC tersebut. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat kali ini adalah untuk melakukan perekrutan kader TOGA pada mitra, sosialisasi tupoksi kader serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra dalam mengolah jenis TOGA yang secara ilmiah berfungsi mencegah COVID-19. Metode pelaksanaan: survei lokasi, pengurusan izin, penyuluhan, sosialisasi teknik pengolahan tanaman TOGA, evaluasi kegiatan, dokumentasi dan pelaporan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara daring dan luring. Dari hasil kegiatan, telah dibentuk suatu wadah kader TOGA di lingkungan Bendega yang berfungsi dalam mengembangkan pelayanan kesehatan primer di lingkungan Bendega melalui pengembangan tanaman obat keluarga. Kata kunci: bendega; covid-19; kader, TOGA. ABSTRACTPrimary Health Care (PHC) is an individual, family, or community's first contact with the health care system. PHC aims to increase public access to quality health services. In Indonesia, PHC has 3 (three) main strategies, namely multisectoral cooperation, community participation, and application of technology. One of the roles of the family in PHC is TOGA in living pharmacies as the main raw material in the management of prevention and treatment of diseases, including those related to the symptoms of COVID-19. Posyandu cadres who interact daily in assisting mothers in building family health are also figures who play a role in the family self-care program that has been launched by the government in the realization of the PHC. The purpose of this community service activity is to recruit TOGA cadres to partners, socialize the main tasks of cadres and increase the knowledge and skills of partners in processing TOGA types which scientifically function to prevent COVID-19. Methods of implementation: site survey, permit processing, counseling, socialization of TOGA plant processing techniques, evaluation of activities, documentation and reporting. Activities are carried out online and offline. From the results of the activity, a TOGA cadre forum has been established in the Bendega environment which functions in developing primary health services in the Bendega environment through the development of family medicinal plants. Keywords: bendega; covid-19; cadre; TOGA.ujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat kali ini adalah untuk melakukan perekrutan kader TOGA pada mitra, sosialisasi tupoksi kader serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra dalam mengolah jenis TOGA yang secara ilmiah berfungsi mencegah COVID-19. Metode pelaksanaan: survei lokasi, pengurusan izin, penyuluhan, sosialisasi teknik pengolahan tanaman TOGA, evaluasi kegiatan, dokumentasi dan pelaporan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara daring dan luring. Dari hasil kegiatan, telah dibentuk suatu wadah kader TOGA di lingkungan Bendega yang berfungsi dalam mengembangkan pelayanan kesehatan primer di lingkungan Bendega melalui pengembangan tanaman obat keluarga. 

PELATIHAN TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA PEMBUATAN SABUN CAIR PADA IBU-IBU PKK DI RW 9 DAN 17 DESA CIBIRU WETAN KECAMATAN CILEUNYI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Dengan diadakannya pelatihan pembuatan sabun cair pada ibu-ibu PKK di RW Pengoptimalan kegiatan ibu-ibu PKK Di RW 9 dan 17 Desa Cibiru Wetan Kecamatan Cileunyi Kabupaten Bandung diharapkanakan dapat meningkatkan  kreatifitas masyarakat  guna  menunjang  perekononian keluarga, melalui pelatihan ini masyarakat lebih punya pengetahuan mengenai peluang usaha yang dapat tercipta melalui  kreatifitas  dan  keterampilan dalam proses pembuatan  sabun  cair. Pelatihan teknologi tepat guna pembuatan sabun cair dilaksanakan   melalui   beberapa   tahap   yaitu   dengan   koordinasi dengan mitra terkait dengan penyusunan jadwal kegiatan, persiapan penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Penyuluhan tentang prinsip dasar pembuatan sabun cair lalu dan pelatihan cara pembuatan sabun cair. Hasil pelatihan pembuatan sabun cair ini dikemas dan di gunakan untuk keluarga nya masing-masing, diharapkan dapat dikembangkan menjadi turut  memenuhi  kebutuhan keluarganya  sehingga  dengan  melakukan  sendiri  akan  menghemat  keuangan keluarga  dan  dapat  dijadikan bekal  untuk  membuka  usaha  yang  pada  akhirnya dapat menambah penghasilan keluarga

Peningkatan Potensi Ibu Rumah Tangga Peternak Sapi Perah dalam Membuat Yoghurt di Desa Cibiru Wetan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat

INCREASING THE POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE HOUSEWIVES IN MAKING YOGHURT IN CIBIRU WETAN VILLAGE, BANDUNG REGENCY, WEST JAVA. Yogurt is the product of milk fermentation by Lactobacillus subspecies. The unique properties of yoghurt provided by its living bacteria and its nutrients have captured the interest of the community. The highest price of cow's milk in dairy farming centres of Cibiru Wetan Village, Kabupaten Bandung is purchased by the Milk Processing Industry (IPS) at around IDR 4,500 / litre. Therefore, the purpose of this community service activity was the utilization of fresh cow milk as yoghurt to increase the income of dairy cattle farmer. Yoghurt processing begins with the modification of the incoming milk composition. This process typically involves reducing the fat content and increasing the total solids in the milk by are Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The stages of this activity began from providing an understanding of milk and dairy products and training in making yoghurt from fresh cow milk. The critical point in this activity is how to transfer knowledge and skills in preparing the starter and sterile conditions of the cooking utensils. The results of the activity showed that community participation could improve the knowledge and ability of participants in the processing of fresh cow milk as yoghurt. In conclusion, this activity could be an alternative income for dairy cattle farmer