Adherence to treatment in chronic patients: hypertension and diabetes mellitus

Para el año 2020 las enfermedades crónicas serán la causa principal de las discapacidades, y para el año 2030 se duplicará la incidencia en personas mayores de 65 años. Un 20-50 % de los pacientes no siguen el plan terapéutico de forma adecuada, siendo la dieta una de las principales faltas de adherencia. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de adherencia a los diferentes componentes del tratamiento en pacientes diagnósticos de hipertensión esencial y diabetes. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, en una muestra de 46 personas, entre 18-95 años, pertenecientes al programa de crónicos de HTA y/o diabetes del Centro de Salud, seleccionadas mediante muestreo por conveniencia, entre las que no padecían una enfermedad sintomática o alteración psicológica. Resultados: El 71,7 % de los pacientes estaban diagnosticados de HTA, el 52,2 % de diabetes y el 23,9 % padecían ambas patologías. Ambos grupos informan de síntomas que relacionan con la enfermedad. Del total de la muestra el 56,6 % manifestaban sobrepeso. Dicen no tener ningún problema a la hora de seguir el tratamiento el 15,2 %; a más de la mitad de la muestra (64,9 %) le resulta difícil cumplirlo; el 35,02% de hipertensos y el 36,95 de los diabéticos creen que es difícil seguir todas las recomendaciones prescritas. Ellos creen tener una alimentación adecuada, sin embargo, el 56,5 % tienen sobrepeso, seguido de obesidad, y solo el 13,0 % presentaban un peso normal. Conclusión: La muestra de pacientes que han participado en este estudio indican los mismos síntomas de enfermedad que los recogidos en estudios precedentes. Han informado niveles de adherencia superiores a los encontrados en estudios similares. Sin embargo, son escasos los sujetos que mantienen su peso en niveles normales, siendo además la dieta el componente del tratamiento donde los pacientes encuentran mayor dificultad. La mayoría tiene conciencia de que la enfermedad es para toda su vida. Se requieren investigaciones para mejorar la adherencia, con intervenciones específicas en cada uno de los componentes del tratamiento.Introduction: 2020 chronic diseases are the leading cause of disability, and by 2030 the incidence will double in people over 65 years. 20-50 % of patients do not follow the treatment plan properly, the diet being a major lack of adherence. Objective: To assess the level of adherence to the different components of diagnostic treatment in patients with essential hypertension and diabetes. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study in a sample of 46 people, between 18-95 years, belonging to the program of chronic hypertension and / or diabetes at the Health Center) and selected by convenience sampling, including those not suffering from symptomatic disease or psychological disorder. Results: 71.7 % of patients were diagnosed with hypertension, 52.2 % with diabetes and 23.9 % suffered from both conditions. Both groups report symptoms associated with the disease. Out of the total sample, 56.6 % expressed overweight. The 15.2 % claim to have no problem when it comes to further treatment; more than half of the sample (64.9 %) find it difficult to accomplish; 35.02 % of the hypertensive and 36,95 % of diabetic patients believe it is difficult to follow all prescribed recommendations. They content that they have adequate food; however, 56.5 % are overweight, followed by obesity, and only 13.0 % presented normal weight. Conclusion: The sample of patients who participated in this study indicate the same symptoms of illness as the collected in previous studies. They have reported levels which are higher than those found in similar adhesion studies. However, there are few individuals who maintain their weight at normal levels, diet being also the most difficult treatment component for patients. Most are aware that the disease is for life. Research is required to improve adhesion, with specific interventions for each of the components of treatment.Enfermerí

Effects of Biodanza on Stress, Depression, and Sleep Quality in University Students

Background: The existing literature shows dance to be an innovative and successful form of stress management. Previous research indicates that Biodanza is able to increase well-being and personal resources and prevent stress. However, Biodanza has not yet been empirically tested as a possible therapy for application outside the clinical context in young adults with perceived stress. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Biodanza in reducing symptoms of perceived stress and depression and in promoting sleep quality in young adults, comparing the changes with those observed in a control group. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Settings/Location: This study was carried out at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Almería. Subjects: One hundred and twenty-one university students with perceived stress were randomly placed into either a Biodanza group or a wait-list control group. Intervention: Study participants attended Biodanza sessions for 90 min a week, over a period of 4 weeks. Outcome measures: Depression, perceived stress, and sleep quality were assessed both before and after intervention. Results: Ninety-five participants completed the program and were included in the statistical analysis. Significant differences in perceived stress [t (93) = 2.136; p = 0.015] and depression [t (93) = 2.738; p = 0.000] were observed after the Biodanza period. Pre/post analysis found that Biodanza also had a significant effect on depression (Cohen d = 1.88; p < 0.05) and perceived stress (Cohen d = 0.79; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Biodanza program is an effective stress management strategy for students. The results of this study showed Biodanza to have a positive effect on perceived stress and depression in young adults. This demonstrates how artistic, collaborative, and psychophysical interventions are an effective means of preventing and managing these problems in university students

Sexuality amongst heterosexual women with morbid obesity in a bariatric surgery programme: A qualitative study

Aims: The objective of this study is to describe and understand the experiences of sexuality amongst heterosexual women with morbid obesity (MO) who are in a bariatric surgery program. Background: Morbid obesity is a chronic, metabolic disease that affects women's physical, psychological and sexual health. MO is associated with anxiety, depression and body image disorders. Bariatric surgery is a reliable method for weight loss in people with MO. Design: A qualitative descriptive study research design was adopted. Methods: Twenty-one heterosexual women with MO in a bariatric surgery program were recruited through purposive sampling. Data collection included individual semi-structured interviews conducted between November 2018 and May 2019. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a computer-assisted qualitative data. Findings: Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) trapped in a body that limits my sexuality; (2) between neglect and hope and (3) the partner as a source of support for sexuality in women with MO. Conclusion: Women hide a body that they do not accept and ignore their own sexuality, focusing on that of their partner. Although the women have doubts about their partners’ desire for them, they share the decision-making process with them whilst waiting for bariatric surgery, on which they place all of their hopes for improved sexuality and quality of life. Impact: The findings highlight the importance of exploring the experiences and sexual issues faced by heterosexual women with MO in a bariatric surgery program. Bariatric nurses have a privileged position to assess these women's sexuality, recommend alternatives to sexual intercourse or refer them to sexologists. As part of the multidisciplinary team, nurses can contribute to managing the expectations of women with MO and their partners in relation to the improvement of their sex lives following bariatric surgery

Social Support for People with Morbid Obesity in a Bariatric Surgery Programme: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Background—Morbid obesity (MO) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting physical, psychological and social wellbeing. Bariatric surgery is a reliable method for losing weight in the long term, improving the quality of life, body image and social life of people with MO. Current literature recognises the importance of social support in controlling weight and coping with MO. The objective of this study was to describe and understand experiences related to social support for patients with MO included in a bariatric surgery programme. Methods—A qualitative descriptive study, where data collection included thirty-one interviews with people diagnosed with MO involved in a bariatric surgery programme. Results—Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) accepting the problem in order to ask for help, (2) the need for close support and (3) professional support: opposing feelings. Conclusions—A partner, family and friends are the key pillars of social support for those with MO included in a bariatric surgery programme. Healthcare professionals gave formal support; the bariatric surgery team provided information, trust and assurance. Nurses provided healthcare 24 h a day, making them the main formal support for people in the bariatric surgery programme

Efficacy of a biodanza program in elderly people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease

Doctorado en Salud, Psicología y Psiquiatría (RD99/11) (8912

Diferencias culturales en las preferencias alimentarias de la población escolar

ABSTRACT Background: The combination of cultures can affect the feeding of the native population and immigrant, influencing the school population. The objective of this study was to analyze the habits and eating habits of schoolchildren and the relationships with their cultural environment. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of a representative sample of 325 parents and students of primary school of an Almeria population was conducted. For the analysis of the qualitative variables Chi square was applied and for the quantitative ones, U of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis was applied. Results: The results showed a higher preference for vegetables in girls (42.22%) than in boys (30.34%). In schoolchildren who did not go to the school canteen, vegetable consumption was higher (pieces of vegetable Me=2,15), preference for dairy products 94.4% and fish 89.8%. Although 45.6% of children, whose parents came from North Africa, reported not having tasted pork, 29.4% were satisfied with this type of food. We observed a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables in children whose parents came from North Africa (pieces of fruit Me=3,42 and pieces of vegetable Me=2,38, respectively). Conclusions: Through this study we observed a higher consumption of vegetables and higher preferences for dairy and fish in schoolchildren who did not go to the school canteen. Likewise, it was possible to observe an incipient change in the food patterns of the population from North Africa influenced by culture of the native population, referring to the consumption of pork. In general, the results showed a greater variety of consumption, in the children of foreign parents.RESUMEN Fundamentos: La combinación de culturas puede afectar a la alimentación de la población autóctona e inmigrante, influenciando a la población escolar. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los hábitos y costumbres alimentarias de escolares y las relaciones con su entorno cultural. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo de una muestra representativa de 325 padres y alumnos de educación primaria de una población almeriense. Para el análisis de las variables cualitativas se aplicó Chi Cuadrado y para las cuantitativas, se aplicó U de Mann-Withney y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una mayor preferencia por verduras en niñas (42,22%) que en niños (30,34%). En escolares que no acudían al comedor, el consumo de verdura fue mayor (piezas de verdura Me=2,15), así como la preferencia por lácteos (94,4%) y pescado (89,8%). Aunque un 45,6% de hijos de padres norteafricanos refirieron no haber probado la carne de cerdo, el 29,4% mostraron agrado por este tipo de alimento. Observamos un mayor consumo de frutas y verduras en niños y niñas cuyos padres procedían del Norte de África (piezas de fruta Me=3,42 y piezas de verdura Me=2,38). Conclusiones: A través de este estudio se observa un mayor consumo de verduras y mayores preferencias por lácteos y pescado en escolares que no acudían al comedor. Así mismo, se observa un incipiente cambio en los patrones alimentarios de la población procedente del Norte de África influenciados por la cultura de la población autóctona, en referencia al consumo de carne de cerdo. En general, los resultados muestran mayor variedad de consumo, en los hijos de padres extranjeros