Aplicación del proceso enfermero en la hemodonación

La elaboración de planes de cuidados estandarizados mediante el uso de las taxonomías enfermeras son herramientas válidas para la homogeneización de cuidados y el desarrollo de la disciplina enfermera. La aplicación de un modelo de enfermería concreto nos permite ampliar en el estudio teórico de nuestra profesión y sistematizar los pasos de un proceso científico. En este caso vamos a desarrollar un plan de cuidados centrado en la transfusión de hemoderivados. Esta decisión está justificada por el número tan importante de intervenciones que se realizan y las consecuencias sociales que implica una correcta atención a este proceso. El proceso enfermero se interpreta como la interacción de la enfermera con el donante, el receptor y el entorno donde se halla, y la identifición de determinados problemas para poder emitir un juicio diagnóstico y planificar los cuidados. La donación no está asociado a ningún proceso patológico, pero si es cierto que existen factores potenciales de riesgo asumibles, que han de ser valorados con antelación, planificando las intervenciones necesarias para que esas reacciones no aparezcan. Utilizaremos la Taxonomía Nanda-Noc-Nic para la definición de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones.Grado en Enfermerí

Estudio del tratamiento con fludarabina en pacientes con neoplasias e insuficiencia renal

El objetivo del estudio es determinar la adecuación del uso de Fludarabina según sus indicaciones de ficha técnica (la definición propia de ensayo de utilización)

Species-specific water use by forest tree species: from the tree to the stand

Forests play a critical role in the hydrological cycle making the study of water use by trees and forest stands of prime importance in the global change context .Very negative effects of increasing and more intense droughts on forest vegetation have been described over the last decades. Symptoms of disease and decline have been associated with changed precipitation patterns in many forests particularly in European temperate and Mediterranean regions. Intra- and inter-specific differences in both physiology and morphology exert a large but not well understood influence on the water balance of forest ecosystems, further affecting their vulnerability to drought. Stand structure and composition influences rainfall interception, runoff and water fluxes of the whole ecosystem. Both expanding plantations of renovated interest for biofuel industry and natural and semi-natural forests must be managed in a sustainable way on the basis of their water consumption. We review the role of key drivers on forest water use such as species composition, tree canopy status of each of them and species specific sensitivity to soil water scarcity. Specifically we discuss the role of these factors for natural forest, but with references also to forest plantations. Water scarcity is expected to be one of the largest societal problems worldwide in the near future, so water use by natural and planted forest ecosystems has become a central subject in current research agendas.This work was supported by the INIA and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants SUM2008-00004-C03-01 and AGL2011-25365).Peer reviewe

Transcutaneous FES-induced pain maps on post-stroke upper limb

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a technique to artificially stimulate motor nerves in order to restore motor/sensory functions for assistive and therapeutic applications. This preliminary study attempts to detect differences in the perception of transcutaneous FES in upper limbs. Three chronic stroke survivors participated in the study. Multi-field electrodes were used to selectively activate the targeted areas over the wrist-finger flexors, wrist-finger extensors, biceps, and triceps muscles. Results showed no significant correlation between the applied current and pain ratings. Differences in the rating of pain in different fields over the four targeted areas were observed. The initial results suggest that here is a common pattern to most subjects for each area of the upper limb

Antimicrobial response is increased in the testis of European sea bass but not in gilthead seabream upon nodavirus infection

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a crucial role in the fish innate immune response, being considered a fundamental component of the first line of defence against pathogens. Moreover, AMPs have not been studied in the fish gonad since this is used by some pathogens as a vehicle or a reservoir to be transmitted to the progeny, as occurs with nodavirus (VNNV), which shows vertical transmission through the gonad, and/or gonadal fluids but no study has looked into the gonad of infected fish. In this framework, we have characterized the antimicrobial response triggered by VNNV in the testis of European sea bass, a very susceptible species of the virus, and in the gilthead seabream, which acts as a reservoir, both in vivo and in vitro, and compared with that present in the serum and brain (target tissue of VNNV). First, our data show a great antiviral response in the brain of gilthead seabream and in the gonad of European sea bass. In addition, for the first time, our results demonstrate that the antimicrobial activities (complement, lysozyme and bactericidal) and the expression of AMP genes such as complement factor 3 (c3), lysozyme (lyz), hepcidin (hamp), dicentracin (dic), piscidin (pis) or β-defensin (bdef) in the gonad of both species are very different, but generally activated in the European sea bass, probably related with the differences of susceptibility upon VNNV infection, and even differs to the brain response. Furthermore, the in vitro data suggest that some AMPs are locally regulated playing a local immune response in the gonad, while others are more dependent of the systemic immune system. Data are discussed in the light to ascertain their potential role in viral clearance by the gonad to avoid vertical transmission.Postprin