Rapid Rural Appraisal, Gender and Health – Alternative ways of listening to needs

Summary The article describes the use of Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) in training development workers to think differently about the issues of gender and health. It is argued that unless a change in perspective takes place at field level, there is little prospect for improvement. RRA is a concept and methodology which challenges conventional assumptions about communities and their needs. Various examples of different RRA techniques are used to illustrate the kind of information which development workers can learn for themselves about the communities with whom they work, provided that they know how to and are ready to listen. Resumé L'évaluation rurale accélérée, le genre et la santé: des moyens alternatifs pour s'informer sur les besoins Cet article décrit l'utilisation du RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal ou Evaluation rurale accélérée) dans la formation des personnes qui travaillent dans le développement pour leur permettre de réfléchir d'une manière nouvelle aux questions qui entourent le genre et la santé. A moins qu'un changement de perspectives n'intervienne dans le champ même, l'auteur estime que les possibilités d'amélioration resteront faibles. Le RRA est un concept, une méthodologie qui remet en question les suppositions traditionnelles concernant les communautés et leurs besoins. Divers exemples des techniques variées de RRA sont offerts pour illustrer les types d'information que les travailleurs dans le développement peuvent acquérir pour eux?mêmes au sujet des communautés avec lesquelles ils travaillent: à condition qu'ils sachent et qu'ils veuillent écouter à ce qu'on leur dit. Resumen Género y salud; Una evaluación rural rápida y métodos alternativos de descubrir necesidades El artículo describe el uso de la Evaluación Rural Rápida en la estimulación de los trabajadores en él area de desarrollo hacia un cambio de perspectiva en los temas de género y salud. A menos que este cambio ocurra in situ, hay pocas probabilidades de progreso. La Evaluación Rural Rápida es un concepto y una tecnología que desafía las presunciones convencionales sobre las comunidades y sus necesidades. Se usan varios ejemplos de diferentes técnicas de ERR para ilustrar la clase de información que los trabajadores en esta área pueden adquirir por sí mismos sobre el ambiente en el que trabajan, siempre que sepan, y estén dispuestos, a escuchar

Greater involvement of people living with HIV in health care

Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS represents a mobilising and an organising principle for the involvement of people living with HIV in program and policy responses. People with HIV have been at the forefront of designing and implementing effective HIV treatment, care and prevention activities. However, governments and health systems have yet to act to fully harness the potential and resources of people living with HIV in addressing the epidemic

Sexual and reproductive health and human rights of women living with HIV

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/1/jia20834-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/2/jia20834.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/3/jia20834-sup-0002.pd

Development of an international sexual and reproductive health survey instrument: results from a pilot WHO/HRP consultative Delphi process

Population health surveys are rarely comprehensive in addressing sexual health, and population-representative surveys often lack standardized measures for collecting comparable data across countries. We present a sexual health survey instrument and implementation considerations for population-level sexual health research. The brief, comprehensive sexual health survey and consensus statement was developed via a multi-step process (an open call, ahackathon, and a modified Delphi process). The survey items, domains, entire instruments, and implementation considerations to develop a sexual health survey were solicited via a global crowdsourcing open call. The open call received 175 contributions from 49 countries. Following review of submissions from the open call, 18 finalists and eight facilitators with expertise in sexual health research, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), were invited to a 3-day hackathon to harmonize a survey instrument. Consensus was achieved through an iterative, modified Delphi process that included three rounds of online surveys. The entire process resulted in a 19-item consensus statement and a brief sexual health survey instrument. This is the first global consensus on a sexual and reproductive health survey instrument that can be used to generate cross-national comparative data in both high-income and LMICs. The inclusive process identified priority domains for improvement and can inform the design of sexual and reproductive health programs and contextually relevant data for comparable research across countries

The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations. Methods: Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves. Results: After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p  90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score. Conclusion: The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care

Endo knowledge, technology and power : the social construction of Endo material culture through age, gender and authority.

This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: [email protected] Library can supply a digital copy for private research purposes; interested parties should submit the request form here: http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/departments/digital-content-unit/ordering-imagesPlease note that print copies of theses may be available for consultation in the Cambridge University Library's Manuscript reading room. Admission details are at http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/departments/manuscripts-university-archivesKenya make use of material culture to construct and articulate categories of inequality and authority. A central theme of the thesis concerns the social determination of these categories and the boundaries which are drawn and articulated between them. The analysis is based upon the assertion that a society organises its material culture according to socially-determined categorisations. Just as an authority structure is based upon principles of social difference which carry no universal value , so material culture too is categorised by social , contextspecific factors . The thesis explores the ways in which the Endo use their material culture to establish and maintain their social categories and the thresholds which divide them . This study is set against the backdrop of literature on other East African societies , referring in particular to the sociopolitical organisation of traditional � age-set systems. In these societies there operates a male-oriented gerontocracy. Access to power and authority is found both through action and words. Land, animals and possession of other material culture must go hand in hand with acquisition of ritual esoteric knowledge. This thesis studies in depth these relationships amongst the Endo. The primary principles of social differentiation amongst the Endo are also age and sex . Therefore different gender and age-class roles, act i vities and the social h i erarchy which they support are discussed at length. The everyday manifestations of these divisions are presented, with specific reference to the material culture with which they are associated. Several ceremonies of transition are also described and analysed. Then the relationship of the use of material culture in these rituals to its use in everyday life is determined. The thesis concludes by demonstrating how the ritual manipulation and inversion of mundane social and material categories and associations both upholds and reinforces the traditional acceptance of Endo structures of authority

Direitos sexuais e reprodutivos: experiências com abordagens participativas

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 34:314.33 D598