39 research outputs found
Mobilization of healthy donors with plerixafor affects the cellular composition of T-cell receptor (TCR)-αÎČ/CD19-depleted haploidentical stem cell grafts
Background: HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is suitable for patients lacking related or unrelated HLA-matched donors. Herein, we investigated whether plerixafor (MZ), as an adjunct to G-CSF, facilitated the collection of mega-doses of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for TCR-αÎČ/CD19-depleted haploidentical HSCT, and how this agent affects the cellular graft composition. Methods: Ninety healthy donors were evaluated. Single-dose MZ was given to 30 âpoor mobilizersâ (PM) failing to attain â„40 CD34+ HSCs/ÎŒL after 4 daily G-CSF doses and/or with predicted apheresis yields â€12.0x106 CD34+ cells/kg recipientâs body weight. Results: MZ significantly increased CD34+ counts in PM. NaĂŻve/memory T and B cells, as well as natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs), were unchanged compared with baseline. MZ did not further promote the G-CSF-induced mobilization of CD16+ monocytes and the down-regulation of IFN-Îł production by T cells. HSC grafts harvested after G-CSF + MZ were enriched in myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs, but contained low numbers of pro-inflammatory 6-sulfo-LacNAc+ (Slan)-DCs. Finally, children transplanted with G-CSF + MZ-mobilized grafts received greater numbers of monocytes, myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs, but lower numbers of NK cells, NK-like T cells and Slan-DCs. Conclusions: MZ facilitates the collection of mega-doses of CD34+ HSCs for haploidentical HSCT, while affecting graft composition
Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey
Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020
Histoire du/en FLE : une patrimonialisation au service de quels enjeux ?
International audienceCet article vise Ă interroger les enjeux liĂ©s Ă lâintĂ©gration de lâHistoire en formation FLE, afin dâĂ©valuer dans quelle mesure cet enseignement a pu participer Ă la patrimonialisation de cette discipline et comment cet hĂ©ritage commun est abordĂ©. Le corpus, composĂ© dâarchives historiques de lâancienne Ăcole de prĂ©paration des professeurs de français Ă lâĂ©tranger et des maquettes actuelles de Master FLE ainsi que dâentretiens rĂ©alisĂ©s auprĂšs des enseignants et des Ă©tudiants, permet de mieux apprĂ©hender le positionnement des premiers et la rĂ©ception des seconds. Au-delĂ de lâacquisition dâun savoir thĂ©orique ou de la transmission dâun hĂ©ritage, enseigner lâhistoire en/du FLE permet lâenrichissement dâun capital culturel professionnel en vue de la professionnalisation des enseignants, dans une approche historique appliquĂ©e Ă lâenseignement des langues
RĂŽle de lâĂtat dans la formation de formateurs en didactique des langues-cultures
International audienc
RĂŽle de lâĂtat dans la formation de formateurs en didactique des langues-cultures
International audienc
RĂŽle de lâĂtat dans la formation de formateurs en didactique des langues-cultures
International audienc
Entre prĂ©sence et distance : enseigner et apprendre les langues Ă lâuniversitĂ© Ă lâĂšre numĂ©rique
International audienceBien avant que la crise sanitaire de la COVID-19 ne vienne bouleverser les pratiques dâenseignement et dâapprentissage en forçant la dĂ©matĂ©rialisation des dispositifs, le PĂŽle d'Ălaboration de Ressources Linguistiques (PERL) de la ComUE USPC, en prĂ©curseur, avait dĂ©jĂ explorĂ© les territoires du numĂ©rique dans le cadre de lâenseignement-apprentissage des langues Ă lâUniversitĂ©. Ainsi, ces recherches rĂ©alisĂ©es avant la crise, loin dâĂȘtre dĂ©passĂ©es, offrent au contraire des clefs qui peuvent sâavĂ©rer prĂ©cieuses maintenant que lâhybridation a rompu certains plafonds de verre.Lâinjonction institutionnelle Ă la nouveautĂ©, si frĂ©quente quâelle sâapparente dans le champ Ă©ducatif Ă une « tradition de lâinnovation » (Castellotti, Debono & Huver, 2017), touche particuliĂšrement les universitĂ©s. Si toutes les disciplines sont touchĂ©es, lâenseignement des langues constitue un terrain de prĂ©dilection, que ce soit dans les dĂ©partements de langue, dans les Centres de ressources linguistiques, ou dans lâenseignement des langues pour spĂ©cialistes dâautres disciplines (LANSAD). Ce dernier secteur constitue depuis sa gĂ©nĂ©ralisation, dans la droite ligne des rĂ©formes Licence Master Doctorat (LMD), un terrain privilĂ©giĂ© pour les innovations pĂ©dagogiques (Poteaux, 2014 ; DemaiziĂšre et Grosbois, 2014). Le LANSAD y est dâautant plus propice que son dĂ©veloppement sâaccompagne dâune forte volontĂ© de mettre les outils technologiques au service de lâenseignement des et en langues additionnelles. Comment alors intĂ©grer, Ă des degrĂ©s adaptĂ©s, le numĂ©rique Ă lâenseignement-apprentissage des langues-cultures, afin que chacun des acteurs de lâĂ©cosystĂšme universitaire - l'institution, lâenseignant et/ou le tuteur et lâapprenant - en tire bĂ©nĂ©fice ?Alors que « le confinement et lâĂ©loignement des lieux de formation [...] a contraints [les enseignants du supĂ©rieur] Ă construire de nouvelles stratĂ©gies, de nouveaux dispositifs, un nouvel âenvironnement personnel dâenseignement et dâapprentissageâ » (Audran et al., 2021 : §29), cet ouvrage bien que renvoyant Ă des recherches prĂ©-pandĂ©miques dĂ©montre son caractĂšre contemporain. En effet, parmi âles enjeux et dĂ©fisâ (Koecher et Gettliffe, 2021) auxquels doivent rĂ©pondre les enseignants aujourdhui, le numĂ©ro rĂ©pond Ă un questionnement dâactualitĂ© puisquâil vise Ă interroger, Ă travers les recherches et expĂ©rimentations pĂ©dagogiques dâenseignants-chercheurs de diffĂ©rentes langues Ă©trangĂšres les modalitĂ©s et les enjeux liĂ©s Ă la restructuration pĂ©dagogique dans la formation en langues Ă©trangĂšres Ă lâuniversitĂ©. Nous cherchons en effet Ă mieux comprendre Ă travers des articles Ă la fois Ă©pistĂ©mologiques et issus dâexpĂ©rimentations comment favoriser le dĂ©veloppement langagier et comment se former dans la sociĂ©tĂ© du numĂ©rique. Câest un enjeu encore plus essentiel aprĂšs la crise sanitaire et la dĂ©matĂ©rialisation de tout ou partie des cursus universitaires, afin de contribuer Ă une rĂ©flexion critique sur la pĂ©dagogie des langues Ă lâUniversitĂ© ainsi quâĂ la formation des enseignants-tuteurs en charge de ces formation
Critical Link between Calcium Regional Heterogeneity and Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Sheep Left Atria
Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained form of arrhythmia in the human population that leads to important electrophysiological and structural cardiac remodeling as it progresses into a chronic form. Calcium is an established key player of cellular electrophysiology in the heart, yet to date, there is no information that maps calcium signaling across the left atrium. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether calcium signaling is homogenous throughout the different regions of the left atrium. This work tests the hypothesis that differences across the healthy left atrium contribute to a unique, region-dependent calcium cycling and participates in the pro-arrhythmic activity during atrial fibrillation. Methods: An animal model relevant to human cardiac function (the sheep) was used to characterize both the electrical activity and the calcium signaling of three distinct left atrium regions (appendage, free wall and pulmonary veins) in control conditions and after acetylcholine perfusion (5 μM) to induce acute atrial fibrillation. High-resolution dual calcium-voltage optical mapping on the left atria of sheep was performed to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signaling in relation to electrophysiological properties. Results: Action potential duration (at 80% repolarization) was not significantly different in the three regions of interest for the three pacing sites. In contrast, the time to 50% calcium transient decay was significantly different depending on the region paced and recorded. Acetylcholine perfusion and burst pacing-induced atrial fibrillation when pulmonary veins and appendage regions were paced but not when the free wall region was. Dantrolene (a ryanodine receptor blocker) did not reduce atrial fibrillation susceptibility. Conclusion: These data provide the first evidence of heterogenous calcium signaling across the healthy left atrium. Such basal regional differences may be exacerbated during the progression of atrial fibrillation and thus play a crucial role in focal arrhythmia initiation without ryanodine receptor gating modification