The context of the study site (as indicated by a red circle) in the Manu Biosphere Reserve in SE Peru, and the study site highlighting butterfly sampling locations; SLR–previously selective logged, regenerating forest, CCR–previously cleared, regenerating forest and MXD–previously mixed disturbance, regenerating forest.

<p>The context of the study site (as indicated by a red circle) in the Manu Biosphere Reserve in SE Peru, and the study site highlighting butterfly sampling locations; SLR–previously selective logged, regenerating forest, CCR–previously cleared, regenerating forest and MXD–previously mixed disturbance, regenerating forest.</p

Summary table; individual records and the number of species detected overall, and for both fruit-baited and carrion-baited traps separately.

<p>Stratum specialist species are those that are significantly (ANOVA test) more abundant in a particular stratum (Specialist species) or were exclusively caught in one of the strata (as in [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150520#pone.0150520.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>]).</p

Capture frequency, survey effort, observed, extrapolated and estimated species richness and sample completeness per disturbance history.

<p>O = Overall community, U = Understorey community, M = Midstorey community and C = Canopy community. Disturbance types: SLR–selectively logged and now regenerating forest, CCR–completely cleared and now regenerating forest and MXD–mixed disturbance and now regenerating forest.</p

Behavior and Attention Problems in Eight-Year-Old Children with Prenatal Opiate and Poly-Substance Exposure: A Longitudinal Study.

Multiple studies have found that children born to mothers with opioid or poly-substance use during pregnancy have more behavior and attention problems and lower cognitive functioning than non-exposed children. The present study aimed to investigate whether behavior and attention problems are more prominent than general cognitive deficits in this risk group and whether the problems wane or increase over time. This prospective longitudinal cross-informant study compared 72 children who were prenatally exposed to heroin and multiple drugs with a group of 58 children without known prenatal risk factors. Group differences in caregivers' and teachers' reports of the children's behavior and attention problems based on the Child Behavior Check List and the ADHD Rating Scale were compared based on group differences in general cognitive functioning at 4 ½ and 8 ½ years of age. Both parent and teacher reports suggest that the exposed group has significantly more problems in several behavioral areas than the comparison group, particularly with regard to attention problems. The preschool teachers had already reported these problems when the children were 4 ½ years old, whereas the caregivers reported these problems mainly when the children were 8 ½ years old. The group differences in behavioral and attentional problems were not significantly greater and some were even significantly smaller than the group differences in general cognitive abilities. These findings suggest that children subject to prenatally drug exposure have increasing problems in multiple areas related to behavior from preschool age to 8 ½ years but that these problems do not seem to be specific; i.e., they are not more severe than the problems with general cognitive abilities found for this group

Shannon species diversity of overall, understorey, midstorey and canopy strata of butterflies in regenerating rainforest with different disturbance histories.

<p>Error bars are 95% confidence intervals.</p

Butterfly species richness of regenerating rainforest with different disturbance histories.

<p>Solid lines represent the observed number of individuals recorded and dashed lines represent extrapolated species richness. The grey shades represent 95% confidence intervals. Mean species accumulation lines falling outside of this envelope are statistically significant. (a) the overall community, (b) the understorey community, (c) the midstorey community and (d) the canopy community.</p

Additional file 1: of Expression of human CD46 and trans-complementation by murine adenovirus 1 fails to allow productive infection by a group B oncolytic adenovirus in murine cancer cells

Immunoblotting of FLAG-tagged MAV1 ORF transgenes encoded in EnAd. NMuMG-CD46 cells were infected with EnAd encoding different MAV1 ORFs as CMV-driven FLAG-tagged transgenes. A. Three days post-infection, cells were lysed and probed for the presence of the FLAG tag using a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated mouse anti-DYKDDDDK antibody. Red asterisks above bands denote proteins of approximately the predicted size for each transgene. Blots were probed with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated mouse anti-β-actin as a loading control. B. Predicted protein sizes for each ORF. (PPTX 1369 kb