148 research outputs found

    An Overview Of the Change Of Turkish Medical and Anatomy Education

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    Günümüz tıp ve anatomi eğitimi geçmişten bağımsız düşünülemez. Özellikle Osmanlı dönemi anatomi eğitiminde karşılaşılan gerek dini gerekseyönetimsel baskılar hekimlerin doğru eğitim almasını zorlaştırmıştır. Bu eksiklikleri gidermek ve Avrupa’nın bilimsel gelişimine ayak uydurabilmeküzere bir dönem yurtdışından eğitici hekim ve eğitim materyali getirilmiştir. Gelen eğitim materyallerinin Fransızca olması ise tıp eğitiminin deFransızca olmasına neden olmuştur.Geçmişte yaşanılan her kısıtlama ve imkansızlığa rağmen başarma arzusu günümüz tıp ve anatomi eğitiminin şekillenmesini sağlamıştır. Yeni tıpfakültelerinin kurulması, diseksiyonun yasal hale gelmesi ve eğitim dilinin Türkçe olması için çalışmaların başlaması bu yolda atılan ilk adımlarolmuştur. Bu derlemede, günümüz Tıp ve Anatomi eğitiminin gelişim süreci ile ilgili bilgi verilecektir.Current medical and anatomy education cannot be considered independent from the past. Both religious and administrative pressures, especially encountered in the anatomy education of the Ottoman period, made it difficult for physicians to get the right education. In order to overcome these shortcomings and keep up with the scientific development of Europe, educational physicians and educational materials were brought from abroad. The fact that the incoming training materials were in French caused the medical education to be in French. Despite every constraint and impossibility experienced in the past, the desire to succeed has led to the shaping of current medical and anatomy education. The first steps had been taken to establish new medical schools, to make the dissection legal and the language of instruction to be Turkish. In this review will be given that the information about the development process of current Medical and Anatomy education

    Is there a relationship between age and side dominance of tubal ectopic pregnancies? – A preliminary report

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    Objectives: To determine whether there exists a relationship between age and side dominance of tubal ectopic pregnancies. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty patients were retrospectively analyzed. The sides of the tubal ectopic pregnancies were recorded on the basis of laparoscopy or laparotomy findings. Five age groups were created: 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, and ≥40 years. Results: Of the patients who were ≥ 30 years of age, 46 (69%) and 21 (31%) had tubal ectopic pregnancies on the right and left sides, respectively (p=0.002). In the 35-39 years of age group, 17 of 20 patients (85%) had tubal ectopic pregnancies on the right, and 3 of 20 patients (15%) on the left side (p=0.002). In the 30-34 years of age group, 26 of 39 patients (67%) and 13 of 39 patients (33%) had tubal ectopic pregnancies on the right and left sides, respectively (p=0.037). In the ≥ 40 years of age group, 3 of 8 patients (37%) had tubal ectopic pregnancy on the right side, while 5 patients (63%) on the left side (p=0.48). Conclusions: Patients who are between the age of 30-40 years have a right-sided dominance of tubal ectopic pregnancy, however studies that involve larger numbers of subjects are needed to make definitive conclusions about women older than 40 years of age

    Ultrasonography Accurately Evaluates the Dimension and Shape of the Pilonidal Sinus

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    PURPOSE: To study the benefits of ultrasonography for detecting the borders of pilonidal sinus tissue. The correlation between physical and ultrasonographic examination was used for surgical planning. METHOD: Between April and December 2004, 73 patients were recruited for this study. All patients were examined, and the borders of the sinus tissue were marked on the skin according to palpation before surgery. The surgeon also made a treatment plan considering the diseased tissue and marked a possible incision line. Patients were subsequently examined with ultrasonography. According to the ultrasonographic evaluation, the margins, extensions, and openings of pilonidal sinus tissue were determined and marked on the patient in a different color by a radiologist prior to surgery. The most suitable surgical treatment was decided according to the information obtained by ultrasonography. RESULTS: The average age was 23.03 ± 3.05 (range 18-39) years. We found 81 lesions in 73 patients. Ultrasonographic borders of sinus tissue were similar to the borders marked by the surgeon in 56 patients (76.7%). In the remaining 17 patients (23.3%), ultrasonography detected branches or borders that distinctly exceeded the planned incision line. After ultrasonographic examination, the surgeon changed his incision line in 14 patients and the surgical intervention in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Palpation and methylene blue injection do not provide appropriate information in many patients. Our study revealed that pre-operative ultrasonography can improve the identification of the sinus tract and its branches when compared to palpation and methylene blue injection

    Ultrasonography accurately evaluates the dimension and shape of the pilonidal sinus

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    PURPOSE: To study the benefits of ultrasonography for detecting the borders of pilonidal sinus tissue. The correlation between physical and ultrasonographic examination was used for surgical planning. METHOD: Between April and December 2004, 73 patients were recruited for this study. All patients were examined, and the borders of the sinus tissue were marked on the skin according to palpation before surgery. The surgeon also made a treatment plan considering the diseased tissue and marked a possible incision line. Patients were subsequently examined with ultrasonography. According to the ultrasonographic evaluation, the margins, extensions, and openings of pilonidal sinus tissue were determined and marked on the patient in a different color by a radiologist prior to surgery. The most suitable surgical treatment was decided according to the information obtained by ultrasonography. RESULTS: The average age was 23.03 ± 3.05 (range 18-39) years. We found 81 lesions in 73 patients. Ultrasonographic borders of sinus tissue were similar to the borders marked by the surgeon in 56 patients (76.7%). In the remaining 17 patients (23.3%), ultrasonography detected branches or borders that distinctly exceeded the planned incision line. After ultrasonographic examination, the surgeon changed his incision line in 14 patients and the surgical intervention in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Palpation and methylene blue injection do not provide appropriate information in many patients. Our study revealed that pre-operative ultrasonography can improve the identification of the sinus tract and its branches when compared to palpation and methylene blue injection

    Investigation of variants of critically important antioxidant enzyme genes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

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    Aim: To investigate the possible effects of polymorphisms in genes encoding some important antioxidant enzymes such as super oxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and catalase (CAT) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: Peripheral blood of 100 patients with PCOS and 100 healthy control group were collected, Polymorphisms in related genes was investigated by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, the related biochemical values of the patients were also investigated.Result: In our study there is no significant results for SOD2 gene but the results obtained between GPX1, eNOS and CAT genes were significant. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, triglyceride, waist circumference and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were found to be significant with the disease, whereas follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was found to be effective in preventing the disease.Conclusions: These findings suggest that polymorphisms in genes encoding GPX1, eNOS and CAT enzymes may be associated with PCOS. Additionally, it is thought that the genes of FBS, triglyceride, insulin, DHEAS and waist circumference are important in the pathogenesis of the disease in the presence of homozygous mutation

    Determination of seed yield and quality parameters in barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) varieties growing conditions of the mediterranean

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    Akdeniz iklim kuşağında üretilen arpanın büyük bir bölümü hayvan yemi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Buna karşın arpa çeşitlerinde tanenin kapsamlı besin değerlerinin belirlendiği fazlaca çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma arpa tanesinin besin değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Aydın koşullarında 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak Akhisar98, Vamıkhoca98, Hilal ve Sancak arpa çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Tek başakta tane verimi (TBV), başakta tane sayısı (BTS), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA), tanede protein oranı, tanede nişasta oranı, tanede yağ oranı, tanede kül oranı ve tanede selüloz oranı değerleri ölçülmüştür. Tek başakta tane verimi 1.10 g – 3.68 g aralığında ve başakta tane sayısı değeri ise 20.17 – 71.60 aralığında ölçülmüştür. Bin tane ağırlığı değeri 39.12 g – 70.36 g aralığında hesaplanmıştır. Tanede protein oranı %10.31 – %12.05 aralığında, tanede nişasta oranı %42.00 – %53.38, tanede yağ oranı %1.58 - %1.85, tanede kül oranı %2.54 - %2.72 ve tanede selüloz oranı %6.68 – %9.06 aralığında olduğu ölçülmüştür. Çalışmanın ilk yılında tek başakta tane verimi, başakta tane sayısı ve bazı tane kalite parametreleri (Tanede protein oranı, tanede kül ve yağ oranı) ikinci yıldan düşük bulunmuştur. Hilal çeşidi en yüksek tek başakta tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı ve tanede nişasta oranı değerleri ile öne çıkmıştır. Buna ek olarak çeşit düşük selüloz oranı ile yem kalitesini artırabileceğini göstermiştir.Although the large part of barley produced in Mediterranean conditions is considered as animal feed, a large number of studies about grain nutritional value haven't been done comprehensively so far. This study was carried out in Aydın location in Turkey in 2013 and 2014 in order to find out the nutritional values of the grain. In this research, Akhisar98, Vamıkhoca98, Hilal and Sancak barley cultivars were used as the material of this study. Grain yields per spike, numbers of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, and protein rates of grain, starch rates of grain, oil rates of grain, ash rates of grain and cellulose rates of grain were measured. According to average result in two years' grain yield per spike and numbers of grain per spike were measured as the ranges between 1.10 g – 3.68 g and 20.17 – 71.60 respectively. 1000 grain weight between 39.12 g – 70.36 g. protein rates of grain, starch rates of grain, oil rates of grain, ash rates of grain and cellulose rates of grain were measured as the following ranges; %10.31 – %12.05, %42.00 – %53.38, %1.58 - %1.85, %2.54 - %2.72 and %6.68 – %9.06 respectively However, grain yield per spike, numbers of grain per spike and some quality parameters such as grain protein rates, grain ASH rates and grain oil rates were measured much lower in the first year than those measured in the second year in this study. Hilal barley cultivar came forward by giving the highest grain yield per spike, 1000 grain weight and starch rates of grain. In addition to, the cultivar gave the lowest cellulose rate of grain when measured in this experiment. As a result, it is suggested that the cultivar could be increased by feed quality

    Histopatološke i apoptotske promjene u bubrezima uzrokovane subakutnom izloženosti arokloru 1254 u štakora s nedostatnim i nadomjesnim unosom selenija

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    Aroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, exerts hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in rodents. This study aimed to determine a protective role of selenium on histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by A1254 in rat kidney. It included a control group, which received regular diet containing 0.15 mg/kg Se (C), a Se-supplemented group (SeS) receiving 1 mg/kg Se, a Se-deficient group (SeD) receiving Se-deficient diet of ≤0.05 mg/ kg Se, an A1254-treated group (A) receiving 10 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 and regular diet, an A1254-treated group receiving Se-supplementation (ASeS), and an A1254-treated group receiving Se-deficient diet (ASeD). Treatments lasted 15 days. After 24 h of the last dose of A1254, the animals were decapitated under anaesthesia and their renal antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione, protein oxidation, and total antioxidant capacity levels measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL assay. Kidney weights, CAT activities, and GSH levels decreased significantly in all A1254-treated groups. Renal atrophic changes and higher apoptotic cell counts were observed in the A and ASeD groups. Both groups also showed a significant drop in GPx1 activities (A – 34.92 % and ASeD – 86.46 %) and rise in LP (A – 30.45 % and ASeD – 20.44 %) vs control. In contrast, LP levels and apoptotic cell counts were significantly lower in the ASeS group vs the A group. Histopathological changes and renal apoptosis were particularly visible in the ASeD group. Our findings suggest that selenium supplementation provides partial protection against renal toxicity of Aroclor 1254.Mješavina polikloriranih bifenila poznata pod nazivom aroklor 1254 (A1254) dokazano je toksična za jetru, bubrege i reprodukcijski sustav u glodavaca. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je na temelju histoloških promjena te parametara oksidacijskoga stresa i apoptoze utvrditi u kojoj mjeri selenij (Se) štiti bubrege od njegove toksičnosti. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo kontrolnu skupinu na normalnoj prehrani, koja je sadržavala 0,15 mg/kg Se, zatim skupinu čija je prehrana bila obogaćena selenijem (SeS) u dozi od 1 mg/kg, skupinu čija je prehrana bila osiromašena selenijem (SeD) (≤0.05 mg/ kg), skupinu koja je uz uobičajenu prehranu bila izložena arokloru 1254 (A) u dozi od 10 mg/kg tjelesne težine, skupinu koja je uz prehranu obogaćenu selenijem bila izložena arokloru 1254 (ASeS) i konačno skupinu koja je uz prehranu osiromašenu selenijem bila izložena arokloru 1254 (ASeD). Izloženost arokloru 1254 trajala je 15 dana. Životinje su 24 sata nakon primitka posljednje doze aroklora 1254 bile dekapitirane pod općom anestezijom te su im izmjerene vrijednosti bubrežnih enzimskih aktivnosti, lipidne peroksidacije (LP), glutationa (GSH), proteinske oksidacije i ukupnoga antioksidacijskoga kapaciteta. Histopatološke promjene utvrđene su pomoću svjetlosne i elektronske mikroskopije. Broj apoptotskih stanica utvrđen je TUNEL metodom. U svih skupina izloženih arokloru 1254 uočen je pad težine bubrega te aktivnosti katalaze i glutationa. U skupinama A i ASeD također je uočen povišen broj apoptotskih stanica i atrofija bubrežnoga tkiva, značajan pad aktivnosti GPX1 (u skupini A za 34,92 %, a u skupini ASeD za 86,46 %) te porast lipidnih peroksida (u skupini A za 30,45 %, a u skupini ASeD za 20,44 %) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Nasuprot skupini A, razine lipidnih peroksida i broj apoptotskih stanica bili su značajno niži u skupini ASeS, koja je primala hranu obogaćenu selenijem. Histopatološke promjene i apoptoza bubrežnih stanica osobito su se isticale u skupini ASeD na hrani osiromašenoj selenijem. Naši rezultati upućuju na to da nadomjesna primjena selenija pruža barem djelomičnu zaštitu od toksičnoga djelovanja aroklora 1254 na bubrege

    Design And Check Of Reinforced Concrete Columns In Fire Conditions

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    Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2008Betonarme kolonların yangın dayanımı için genellikle paspayı değerleri ve enkesit boyutlarını içeren tablolardan yararlanılmaktadır. Ancak, bu konuda geniş ve etkin bir tasarım yapabilmek için analitik formülasyonun esaslarının bilinmesi ve yapılmış olan deneysel çalışmaların bu esaslara göre değerlendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada önce konuyla ilgili olarak yapılmış teorik ve deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda geliştirilen iki ayrı yöntem incelenmiştir. Her iki yöntemde kullanılan formüller Rankine formülasyonuna dayanmaktadır. Birinci yöntemde tasarım formülü üç basamakta elde edilmiştir. Birinci basamak, kolonun arttırılmış ısıdaki plastik ezilme yükünün belirlenmesidir. İkinci basamak, merkezi yüklü kolonların burkulma katsayısının belirlenmesi; üçüncüsü ise eksantrik yükler için lineer olmayan bir büyütme teriminin geliştirilmesidir. Formül, pas payının etkilerini ve narinlik etkisini dikkate alacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. İkinci yöntem, Rankine yönteminin donatı ve beton özelliklerine sıcaklığın etkisi dikkate alınacak tarzda yangına maruz betonarme kolonlara uyarlanmasıdır. Tez kapsamında deneysel sonuçlarla oldukça uyumlu olan bu iki yönteme ait formülasyon ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra bu yöntemler kullanılarak bir bilgisayar yazılımı geliştirilmiştir. Bu yazılım yardımıyla iki ayrı tip probleme, kesit tayini ve kesit tahkiki problemi, ait çok sayıda tipik uygulama yapılmıştır.The determination of fire resistance of concrete columns is essentially based on tabulated data containing the dimensions of the cross section and values of the concrete cover. However, more scientific approaches such as analytical formulations should be proposed to consulting engineers for a quick and efficient design. In this paper, two apart methods about this issue will be examined. The formulations used in both methods based on Rankine Method. In the first method, the design formula has been obtained in three steps. The first step consists of determining the plastic crushing load of the column at elevated temperature. The second step is the determination of the buckling coefficient for centrically loaded columns. The last step is the development of a nonlinear amplification term for eccentric loads. The formula has been calibrated to take into consideration the particular effects of the concrete cover and the additional amplification appearing fort the high values of slenderness ratio. In the second method, Rankine approximation is extended to RC columns subjected to fire conditions by taking the temperature effects on steel reinforcement and concrete material into consideration. Due to the results of these two methods are reasonably close to the experimental results, in this work, the formulation appertain to this two methods will be comprehensively explained. A computer program is developed by using these methods and a lot of typical numeric examples are given for design and check problems of columns in fire conditions.Yüksek LisansM.Sc
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