Bimodal network architectures for automatic generation of image annotation from text

Medical image analysis practitioners have embraced big data methodologies. This has created a need for large annotated datasets. The source of big data is typically large image collections and clinical reports recorded for these images. In many cases, however, building algorithms aimed at segmentation and detection of disease requires a training dataset with markings of the areas of interest on the image that match with the described anomalies. This process of annotation is expensive and needs the involvement of clinicians. In this work we propose two separate deep neural network architectures for automatic marking of a region of interest (ROI) on the image best representing a finding location, given a textual report or a set of keywords. One architecture consists of LSTM and CNN components and is trained end to end with images, matching text, and markings of ROIs for those images. The output layer estimates the coordinates of the vertices of a polygonal region. The second architecture uses a network pre-trained on a large dataset of the same image types for learning feature representations of the findings of interest. We show that for a variety of findings from chest X-ray images, both proposed architectures learn to estimate the ROI, as validated by clinical annotations. There is a clear advantage obtained from the architecture with pre-trained imaging network. The centroids of the ROIs marked by this network were on average at a distance equivalent to 5.1% of the image width from the centroids of the ground truth ROIs.Comment: Accepted to MICCAI 2018, LNCS 1107

Psychological Dimensions of Personality on Padmashree and Former Indian Hockey Captain Zafar Iqbal

The purpose of the present study is to highlight the valuable contribution of Mr. Zafar Iqbal for winning the last gold medal for India in the 1980 Moscow Olympics. He led the Indian team as a captain in various international events, prominent among them were Asian Games in 1982, Champions trophy, 1983, and 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. He was honoured by carrying the Indian flag at the youth festival held in Moscow, and later at the opening ceremony of the Los Angeles Olympics. He received the prestigious Arjuna Award in 1983, the highest award given to a sports personality in India. Mr. Zafar Iqbal was recruited as subjects of the study. To find out the score of Arjuna Awardee Zafar Iqbal on Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The NEO five-factor inventory scale was developed by Costa and McCrae (1991). Results have revealed that Mr. Zafar Iqbal scored average on neuroticism, extraversion and openness dimensions, and low on agreeableness and high on conscientiousness

A systemic literature review of the effect of proton pump inhibitors on gallbladder function

Objective: To determine the association between proton pump inhibitors and gallbladder function Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase and CENTRAL (inception to April 2020) was conducted to capture the relevant studies. A comprehensive inclusion-exclusion criterion was developed and implemented to screen the titles and abstracts. . We, however, found no eligible studies. Results: The systematic search identified 38 unique articles for title and abstract screening. Of which, five were included as potentially relevant studies. However, upon full-text screening, none of them met our inclusion criteria. This review is, therefore, an empty systematic review. Conclusion: There are no good quality studies determining the effect of proton pump inhibitors on gallbladder function. Given the common use of proton pump inhibitors and their potential impact on gallbladder function, there is an urgent need for conducting clinical studies to address this gap in the evidence

A novel 96-microwell-based high-throughput spectrophotometric assay for pharmaceutical quality control of crizotinib, a novel potent drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

;Este estudo descreve o desenvolvimento e a validação de um novo ensaio espectrofotométrico em larga escala em 96 micropoços para o controle farmacêutico de crizotinibe (CZT), novo fármaco para o tratamento de câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas. Examinamos a reação entre o CZT e o 4-sulfonato de 1,2-naftoquinona, um reagente cromogênico. Obteve-se, em meio alcalino (pH 9), produto vermelho, com absorção máxima (λ;max;) em 490 nm. Examinamos a estequiometria da reação e propusemos mecanismo de reação. Este, segundo nosso conhecimento, é o primeiro estudo para descrever reação de desenvolvimento de cor para o ensaio proposto. A reação foi realizada em placas de 96 micropoços e mediu-se a absorbância do produto colorido utilizando-se leitor de absorbância a 490 nm. Sob condições otimizadas de reação, a lei de Beer, que mostra a correlação entre a absorbância e a concentração de CZT, foi obedecida na faixa de 4-50 µg/poço, com coeficiente de correlação apropriado (0,999). Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram, respectivamente, 1,73 e 5,23 µg/poço. O ensaio mostrou alta precisão e exatidão. O ensaio proposto foi aplicado com sucesso para a determinação de CZT em cápsulas e é prático e válido para a aplicação de rotina em laboratórios de controle farmacêutico.;;This study describes the development and validation of a novel 96-microwell-based high throughput spectrophotometric assay for pharmaceutical quality control of crizotinib (CZT), a novel drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. We examined the reaction between CZT and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate, a chromogenic reagent. A red-colored product showing a maximum absorption peak (λ;max;) at 490 nm was produced in an alkaline medium (pH 9). We examined stoichiometry of the reaction and postulated the reaction mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe a color-developing reaction for the proposed assay. The reaction was performed in a 96-microwell plate, and the absorbance of the colored product was measured using an absorbance reader at 490 nm. Under optimized reaction conditions, Beer's law, which shows a correlation between absorbance and CZT concentration, was obeyed in the range of 4-50 µg/well with an appropriate correlation coefficient (0.999). The limits of detection and quantification were 1.73 and 5.23 µg/well, respectively. The assay showed high precision and accuracy. The proposed assay was applied successfully for the determination of CZT in capsules. Thus, the assay proposed in this study is practical and valuable for routine application in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories.

PROPOSED MERGER AND EXECUTED MERGER: WHICH ANNOUNCEMENT IS MORE INFLUENTIAL IN SHARE PRICING?

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of merger announcements on the share prices of acquiring firms listed at The Karachi Stock Exchange. A sample of 13 merger announcements during year 2000 to 2012 is taken. Two types of merger announcements have been bracketed; one is proposed merger and the other is executed merger. In order to examine the effect of merger announcements on share prices, event study methodology is used. Market model is used to calculate abnormal returns. Moreover t-test is applied to test the significance of abnormal returns. On the basis of result, it is concluded that both types of merger announcement affect the share prices of acquiring firm. However, market reaction to these announcements is not immediate

Closed reduction and percutaneous k-wire fixation for distal end radius fractures

Background: To evaluate radiological and functional outcome in fractures of the distal radius treated by K-wire fixation.Methods: Forty patients (16 males, 24 females) with different types of fractures of distal radius were treated. K-wire fixation was performed under axillary bolock or general anaesthesia. Anatomical  restoration was evaluated by postero-anterior and lateral radiographs obtained preoperatively and at 09 months of follow up to evaluate Radial Height (RH), Radial Inclination (RI) and Volar Tilt (VT). Functional outcome was evaluated using Mayo scoring system.Results: According to Mayo score 72.5% (n=29) of our patients had excellent to good outcome while as 17.5% (n=7) had fair outcome and 10% (n=4) patients had poor outcome.Conclusions: Kirschner wire fixation is an inexpensive procedure that  provides anatomic  reduction,  fracture  fixation,  and maintenance  of  reduction  with  an  adequate method of  immobilization

Role of Convalescent plasma on the immune system and potential therapy for COVID19

New health trouble terrifies the world by spreading 2019 unique coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Coronavirus is an RNA enveloped virus that is present in humans and wildlife. The spread of the illness occurred in many countries. That's why it is called a pandemic. This virus is transmitted by coughs sneezing, and its incubation period is 3-14 days. The symptoms accompanying this disease are mild fever, dry cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, tiredness, and muscle pain. The disease is mild in most people, then it progresses to pneumonia and ultimately results in severe pneumonia or multi-organ dysfunction. The recent pandemic has shown that Coronavirus-2 is involved in the mechanism to evade the typical human responses. It has been observed that the innate immune system activates and can reduce the chances of risk regarding lung inflammation. Currently, the imposed cause and the development process of abnormal conditions due to the coronavirus are ill-defined. There are no therapeutic therapies for Corona Virus Disease 2019's patient; only symptomatic treatment is given as supportive therapy. Convalescent plasma therapy has acted as passive immunization globally for this critical situation in the presence of a coronavirus pandemic. FDA has conceded the approval for applying the convalescent plasma to severe patients of COVID19. CP therapy has some adverse effects like fever, itching, or skin rash. This review summarises the CP as the potential therapy for COVID19 and its role on the patient immune system.&nbsp

California bearing ratio tests of enzyme-treated sedimentary residual soil show no improvement

Environmental concerns have significantly influenced the construction industry regarding the identification and use of environmentally sustainable construction materials. In this context, enzymes (organic materials) have been introduced recently for ground improvement projects such as pavements and embankments. The present experimental study was carried out in order to evaluate the compressive strength of a sedimentary residual soil treated with three different types of enzymes, as assessed through a California bearing ratio (CBR) test. Controlled untreated and treated soil samples containing four dosages (the recommended dose and two, five and 10 times the recommended dose) were prepared, sealed and cured for four months. Following the curing period, samples were soaked in water for four days before the CBR tests were administered. These tests showed no improvement in the soil is compressive strength; in other words, samples prepared even at higher dosages did not exhibit any improvement. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy tests were carried out on three enzymes in order to study the functional groups present in them. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) tests were executed for untreated and treated soil samples to determine if any chemical reaction took place between the soil and the enzymes. Neither of the tests (XRD nor FESEM) revealed any change. In fact, the XRD patterns and FESEM images for untreated and treated soil samples were indistinguishable

Casein Proteins: Structural and Functional Aspects

Mammalian milk is a complex fluid mixture of various proteins, minerals, and lipids, which play an important role in providing nutrition and immunity to the newborn. Casein proteins, which form about 80% of the bovine milk proteins, form large colloidal particles with calcium phosphate to form casein micelles, which for many years have been an important subject of interest. Casein micelles are composed of four main types of proteins: αS1‐casein, αS2‐casein, β‐casein, and k‐casein. These constituent casein proteins lack well‐defined secondary and tertiary structure due to large amount of propyl residues. These micelles are being extensively studied because of their importance in functional behavior of milk and various milk products. However, the exact structure and nature of these casein micelles are still under debate. These different casein proteins possess different functional properties due to their primary amino acid sequence