THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF C.AMADA AND C.CAESIA

Objective: To compare the thrombolytic activity of C.amada and C. caesia.Methods: Hydro alcoholic extractions of C.amada and C. caesia were prepared. Clot lysis potential of the extracts was checked and the results were statistically analysed.Result and Conclusion: On comparing the thrombolytic potential, the % of clot lysis of silver nanoparticle synthesized using C. caesia (51%) was found to be higher than C.amada (34.7%) extract. Similarly C. caesia extract (38.75 ± 2.217) showed higher % of clot lysis than C.amada (34.74 ± 6.074). The mean percentage of clot lysis of rhizome extracts and synthesized silver nanoparticle were statistically more significant (p value < 0.05) when compared to the positive control streptokinase and negative control water. Active component involvement analysis will be helpful to utilize the C.amada and C. caesia as potent therapeutic agent.Key words: C.amada, C. caesia, thrombolytic potential

Gum exudates of Acacia senegal linn is an alternative binding agent in Drosophila melanogaster culture for laboratory maintenance of stocks

The gum exudates of Acacia senegal Linn was utilized as a single agent or in combination with agar-agar in the formulation of Drosophila diet. Eight (8) corn-meal diets were formulated in two sets consisting of 15 – 40 % (w/w) A. senegal as a single binding agent or a mixture of A. senegal in the ratios of 1:5, 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 to agar-agar per 100 g corn-meal diet. Biochemical markers of toxicity were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Standard methods of AOAC were employed to determine the physicochemical and proximate compositions of the formulated corn-meal diets. The results from this study showed high level of safety of the gum on adult Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich strain) of both sexes and of the same lineage. LC50 > 100 mg/g with insignificant mortality in all groups at varying concentration (1 – 100 mg/g) of the gum exudate was observed after 7 days of treatment. Significant increases in eclosion in the A. senegal – exposed flies at concentrations of 2, 4 and 5 mg/g diet was also observed after the treatment. A normal trend in locomotor activity was observed in all groups when flies were subjected to negative geotaxic assay, however, at concentrations of 50 mg/g there was an impairment in locomotion. The formulated A. Senegal containing diets have shown varying differences in physicochemical properties, even though no significant changes in the biochemical parameters including SOD1, Catalase and GST in all groups were seen. The collective findings of the present study revealed that the gum exudates of A. senegal L. may be a cost-effective alternative of agar-agar in corn-meal diet for laboratory maintenance of Drosophila melanogaster stocks

Effect of tetraoctylphosphonium bromide (TOPBR) clay composition on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane

Nanocomposite membranes containing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and tetraoctylphosphonium bromide clay (TOPBr) were prepared by phase inversion method. Different TOPBr and PVDF contents were used in order to investigate the effect of TOPBr clay composition on the membrane properties. The morphology of PVDF/TOPBr nanocomposite ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite membrane was evaluated in terms of water content, porosity and pure water flux (PWF). The results revealed that the increasing of TOPBr clay content produced more porous nanocomposite membrane due to the formation of many finger like pores and microvoids. The hydrophilicity of the membranes was strongly enhanced by increasing the contents of TOPBr clay.Keywords: Polyvinylidene fluoride; Nanocomposite membrane; Ultrafiltration; Hydrophilicity; Cla

Circuit Modeling of Dual Band MIMO Diversity Antenna for LTE and X-Band Applications

This paper presents a study on developing a dual-band antenna equivalent circuit model for X-Band and LTE applications. MIMO antennas play a crucial role in modern wireless communication systems, and understanding their impedance behavior is essential. This work proposes a dual-band lumped equivalent circuit model, utilizing gradient optimization based on antenna-simulated S-parameters in Advanced Design System (ADS). The four radiating elements of the MIMO antenna are accurately modeled, considering their geometry and the defected ground structure (DGS) effect, which enhances the antenna's isolation and low correlation coefficient (ECC). The calculated lumped equivalent circuit model is validated through rigorous simulation and measurement data, demonstrating consistency with the expected results. The experimental measurements show measured isolation exceeding 20 dB while achieving a maximum realized gain of 5.9 dBi and an efficiency of 87%. The developed model holds promise for improving the design and performance of MIMO antennas for various applications

Vertical vibrations effect on forced convection heat transfer from a longitudinal finned tube

Thermal systems more efficient by emanating from industrial applications and space program galvanized interest in ways by increasing heat transfer is the system. The main aim of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effects of the vertical vibration and force convection on the average Nusselt number in a longitudinal finned tube. The finned tube was located inclined or horizontally in different angles of 0°, 30° and 45°. The effect of the excitation frequency covers below 16 Hz with various heat fluxes ranged from 500-1500 W/m2. It was noticed that the good agreement between the experimental measurement and the previous experimental studies with deviation of 5%. The results showed that average Nusselt number values at angle 45° from longitudinal finned tube were higher by up to 14%, 16% compared with the angles 30°, and 0°, respectively. Furthermore, it can be summarized that the vertical vibration significantly affects to the average Nusselt number from longitudinal finned tube cylinder and the influence on the heat transfer coefficient for this system should be considered

Antimicrobial Studies of Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Lophira Lanceolata

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Lophira lanceolata was tested on Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Selaginella selaginoides, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogens. The micro organisms were chosen because they are associated with dysentery, diarrhoea , skin infection, especially burn sites, wounds, pressure, sores and ulcer, The In vitro-antimicrobial assay recorded the zones of inhibition of bacterial and fungal growths. Extracts with inhibition zones greater than (>10mm), were considered active The (MBC) of the aqueous extract showed considerable inhibition of the micro-organisms at higher doses. While the extract inhibited Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogens, at 800 mg/kg, the extracts are active at 1000 mg/kg. From the result of the MIC it was observed that the leaves aqueous extract shows comparable minimum inhibitory concentration on all the micro organisms with growth of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus Pyogens and Selaginella selaginoides Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 6.25mg/ml while for, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Shigella dysenteriae and Candida albicans showing at 12.5 mg/ml The leaves aqueoues extract shows comparable MBC to Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin, for organisms with 3.125 mg/ml for Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus subtilis, 6.25mg/ml for Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger while showing 12.5 mg/ml for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogens and Selaginella selaginoides. This is being reported in this plant for the first time

Structural performance of precast foamed concrete sandwich panel subjected to axial load

In this paper, experimental and simple analytical studies on the structural behavior of Precast Foamed Concrete Sandwich Panel (PFCSP) were reported. Full-scale tests on six PFCSP panels varying in thickness were performed under axial load applications. Axial load-bearing capacity, load-deflection profiles, load-strain relationships, slenderness ratio, load-displacement, load-deformation, typical modes of failure and cracking patterns under constantly increasing axial loads were discussed. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using LUSAS software to investigate the structural behavior of PFCSP was contacted. The computed ultimate strength values using American Concrete Institute equation (ACI318) and other empirical formulas developed by pervious researchers which applicable to predict the ultimate strength capacity of sandwich panels were compared with the experimental test results and FEA data obtained; therefore, very conservative values resulted, a significant agreement with the FEA data that presented a high degree of accuracy with experiments and an increase in slenderness function

Preparation, characterization and performance of polyvinylidene fluoride/tetraoctyl phosphonium bromide nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane

Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane is widely used in many industrial areas and applications. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is one of the commonly used materials for UF membrane fabrication due to its excellent properties. However, its hydrophobic nature causes the decrease of its demands and limits its applications. Hence, tetraoctyl phosphonium bromide (TOPBr) clay was used as a nanofiller material and was added into the PVDF matrix to decrease the hydrophobic surface through the antifouling properties of the PVDF/TOPBr nanocomposite membrane. The phase inversion process was employed for membrane fabrication which characterizes the water content and porosity of the PVDF/TOPBr nanocomposite UF membrane and to determine the performance of membrane in terms of pure water permeation, protein separation and fouling parameters. The results showed the increment of TOPBr dosage increases the water content and porosity, as well as enhances the porosity structure of PVDF/TOPBr nanocomposite membrane compared to the original PVDF membrane. The protein separation performance test revealed that after the addition of TOPBr, the flux increased from 2.06 L/m2.h to 20.22 L/m2.h with a 1.0 wt.% increase in protein separation as a result of the increase in the membrane hydrophilicity and porosity of the nanocomposite membrane. Moreover, PVDF/TOPBr1.0 nanocomposite showed the highest antifouling properties and flux recovery at 93% compared to other PVDF/TOPBr, as well as the native PVDF membrane

Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-222 with LNA Inhibitor Can Reduce Cell Proliferation in B Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that negatively regulate gene expression by base-pairing with their target mRNAs. miRNAs have contribute significantly to cancer biology and recent studies have demonstrated the oncogenic or tumor-suppressing role in cancer cells. In many tumors up-regulation miRNAs has been reported especially miR-222 has been shown to be up-regulated in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this study we assessed the effected inhibition of miR-222 in cell viability of B-CLL. We performed inhibition of mir-222 in B-CLL cell line (183-E95) using locked nucleic acid (LNA) antagomir. At different time points after LNA-anti-mir-222 transfection, miR-222 quantitation and cell viability were assessed by qRT-real time polymerase chain reaction and MTT assays. The data were analyzed by independent t test and one way ANOVA. Down-regulation of miR-222 in B-CLL cell line (183-E95) with LNA antagomir decreased cell viability in B-CLL. Cell viability gradually decreased over time as the viability of LNA-anti-mir transfected cells was <47 % of untreated cells at 72 h post-transfection. The difference in cell viability between LNA-anti-miR and control groups was statistically significant (p < 0.042). Based on our findings, the inhibition of miR-222 speculate represent a potential novel therapeutic approach for treatment of B-CLL