Study Ecotourism Development of Deserts in Semnan province

Today, details of tourist areas, wilderness areas, and wilderness entitled to be placed in a subdirectory of Ecotourism. In fact, development of desert Ecotourism provides benefits such as the following. Desert Ecotourism helps creating a sustainable employment for the local people, prepares the ground for macro planning and increases gross internal production as well as preserves valuable plant and animal species, cultural heritage and stabilizes local societies at the macro levels. The prosperity of desert Ecotourism not only results in economic output for broad spectrum of the country which has no productive, agricultural and industrial competitive capabilities, but also it revives some of the forgotten traditional customs, such as camel driving, and helps to improvement of quality of life of communities. The descriptive method of research -analysis based on field identification of wilderness guides and self-help literature studies have been conducted in the semnan province. This paper, however, focuses on providing the profiles of the natural attractions of Semnan province desert Ecotourism, as empirical cases from Iran are limited Desert belt charms with a rare and amazing sight. Semnan province has everything for every age group of tourists. The tourist can visit the state with the purpose of knowledge, enjoyment, relaxation, medical, wedding, adventure, sports, cultural, pilgrimage and now a days with the purpose of MICE and literacy tourism. The paper is an attempt to find out the satisfaction level of Foreign and Domestic Tourists who have visited Semnan. In this study we tried to plan to develop tourism in the deserts of Semnan Province using SWOT first, strengths and weaknesses of the problem comes with opportunities and threats, external review, analysis and the recommendations essential to exploit the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and reduce awareness of the problems, solutions to overcome them is presented. Can cause some programs and strategies to solve immediate problems, but according to the planned separation of these categories, especially those not Subject of urban planning can be a step towards reducing the problems in this area harvest

Electrocatalytic Response of Dopamine at a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Ferrocene

Carbon paste electrodes modified by ferrocene (Fc) were used for electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of dopamine. The modified carbon paste electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of dopamine (DA) in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.0). A anodic oxidation of DA (in pH = 6.0) at the Fc-modified carbon paste electrode occurred at low overpotential (0.18 V vs. Ag ‌ AgCl), and treatment of the voltammetric data showed that it was a purely diffusion-controlled reaction with the involvement of one electron in the rate-determining step. The mechanism for the interaction of DA at the Fc modified CPE is proposed. The rate constant k\u27, transfer coefficient α for the catalytic reaction and the diffusion coefficient of DA in the solution, D, were found to be 6.92×10–2 cm s–1, 0.71 and 1.41×10−5 cm2 s−1, respectively. The interference of ascorbic acid was investigated and greatly reduced using sodium tetraphenylborate incorporated modified carbon paste electrodes.</p

Effect of Pd on the Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt towards Oxidation of Ethanol in Alkaline Solutions

The understanding of electrocatalytic activity and poisoning resistance properties of Pt and Pd nanoparticles, recognized as the best electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction, is an essential step for the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). In this paper, mono and bimetallic Pt and Pd nanoparticles with different atomic ratios have been synthesized to study their electrocatalytic properties for an ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline solutions. The different nanoparticles were physiochemically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. The electrochemical measurements indicate that Pt nanoparticles have much higher electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation than Pd nanoparticles. The studies with bimetallic PtPd nanoparticles showed a significant impact of their composition on the ethanol oxidation. Thus, the highest electrocatalytic activity and poisoning resistance properties were obtained for Pt3Pd2 nanoparticles. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the poisoning of the catalyst surface through ethanol oxidation is related to the prevalence of the acetaldehyde–acetate route and the polymerization of acetaldehyde through aldol condensation in the alkaline media.This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) grant number PID2019-105653GB-100), Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) grant number PROMETEO/2020/063, and the University of Zanjan Research Council

HE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTANTS’ ETHICAL APPROACHES ON THE DISCLOSURE QUALITY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INFORMATION AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE IN IRAN

Abstract. The focus of business units on maximizing profits, tackling competitive challenges, emphasizing short-term outcomes, and delivering diverse accounting services has put accountants in a climate of conflict and pressure that has led to unethical outcomes for them. Accounting plays a key role in the social and economic progress of a nation. Ethical standards are a hallmark of the accounting profession. The key question is how the ethical approaches of accountants have an impact on the disclosure quality of corporate social responsibility information. The main purpose of this study is to test a modified Multidimensional Ethics Scale (MES) to measure the ethical evaluations of accountants and financial managers todetermine the effects Accountants’ Ethical Decision Making on the CSR. Overall, The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the ethical approaches of accountants and the quality of disclosure of accounting information.Keywords: Ethics, Multi dimensional, Ethics Scale, CSR, ICSR

Comparative Efficacy of Analgesics for Pain Relief in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Prior to Emergency Endodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ibuprofen, Novafen, mefenamic acid (MA), and celecoxib for pain relief in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis prior to emergency endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients with moderate to severe pain due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis seeking emergency endodontic treatment. The patients were randomly divided into 4 groups to receive Novafen, MA, Celecoxib, and ibuprofen. The pain score of patients was measured before and 1 hour after analgesic intake using a visual analog scale (VAS). The success of analgesic treatment was analyzed by the binary logistic regression model. Results: A total of 117 patients including 76 females and 41 males with a mean age of 30.29 years completed the study and were statistically analyzed. Ibuprofen had the highest analgesic efficacy followed by Novafen, and caused a significantly greater reduction in pain score compared with MA and celecoxib [OR (Ibuprofen vs MA)=1.28, OR (Ibuprofen vs Celecoxib)=3.74, OR (Novafen vs MA)=2.94, OR (Novafen vs Celecoxib)=2.94, P&lt;0.05]. Ibuprofen and Novafen had no significant difference in analgesic efficacy (P&gt;0.05). Baseline pain score was a predictive factor for the success of analgesics (P&lt;0.05). The success of analgesic treatment decreased by 0.68 times with each unit increase in pain score (P&lt;0.05). Gender and age of patients had no significant effect on success of analgesics (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Both ibuprofen and Novafen can serve as the analgesics of choice for pain relief in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with moderate to severe pain when emergency endodontic treatment cannot be immediately performed

Identifying the Changes in Cultural Infrastructure towards Lifelong Learning: Professors’ Viewpoint

Introduction: In today civilization, the education trend moves towards lifelong learning. Lifelong learning could be used as a guiding principle in higher education; yet to fulfill this purpose, we need to establish lifelong learning in society. This article aimed to identify necessary changes in cultural infrastructure in order to shape a move towards lifelong learning. Method: This qualitative study was conducted in 2014 using content analysis approach. 16 faculty members in University of Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and Kerman University of Medical Sciences with interest, experience, and background in the field of higher education, teaching, and learning, were selected for this study using purposive sampling method. To collect the data, semi-structured and open-ended interviews were used. For credibility and acceptability of the data, outside observer method was used. The data were analyzed using content analysis approach. Results: Four thematic categories were identified as some of the necessary changes in cultural infrastructure toward lifelong learning. The categories were as “individual learning and cultural values”, “learning and cultural mission of training centers”, “learning and cultural mission of family”, and “learning and cultural mission of the media.” Conclusion: The results of this research could be used for officials to give special attention to cultural infrastructures. Further qualitative studies can be useful in this regards. Keywords: Learning, Cultural background, University professor, Data analysis, Qualitative researc